Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/zurbezkrim2301021s
Srđan Segić, Gordana Mauna
This paper demonstrates the importance of forensic entomology in criminal investigations and points to post-mortem interval estimation, procedures at the death scene, which are important for entomological research. The focus of the paper is on entomotoxicology, that is, how entomotoxicology can help determine the presence of toxins in the body at the time of death when this is not possible by means of traditional methods. The paper also demonstrates how insects can contribute to the discovery of mass graves and provide information that can help prove war crimes.
{"title":"The importance of forensic entomology in criminal investigations","authors":"Srđan Segić, Gordana Mauna","doi":"10.5937/zurbezkrim2301021s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zurbezkrim2301021s","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates the importance of forensic entomology in criminal investigations and points to post-mortem interval estimation, procedures at the death scene, which are important for entomological research. The focus of the paper is on entomotoxicology, that is, how entomotoxicology can help determine the presence of toxins in the body at the time of death when this is not possible by means of traditional methods. The paper also demonstrates how insects can contribute to the discovery of mass graves and provide information that can help prove war crimes.","PeriodicalId":489758,"journal":{"name":"Žurnal za bezbjednost i kriminalistiku","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135102124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/zurbezkrim2301053k
Miljkan Karličić
This paper analyzes the offense of avoidance of withholding tax from the aspect of provisions in the criminal legislation and practical application and explains tax crimes that are subject to the regulation of basic and secondary criminal legislation. On the one hand, the paper explains in detail ratio legis for criminalization under Article 226 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia and in the context of the relationship between the provisions of the Criminal Code and the Law on Tax Procedure and Tax Administration, and blanket legal norms affecting the application of the provisions governing the structure of the offense of avoidance of withholding tax, on the other. Empirical, comparative-law and interpretation of criminal law methods are used in the paper. The paper presents and analyzes available statistical data on the offense of avoidance of withholding tax from the aspect of the criminal policy of the legislature, courts, public prosecutor's offices, police and tax police. The paper aims to contribute to the elaboration of this problem from the dogmatic-legal and criminal-political aspects in order to improve the practice of courts, prosecutor's offices, lawyers, tax police, criminal police, tax inspection, and tax administration. Some issues are illustrated by court decisions.
{"title":"The offense of avoidance of withholding tax in the criminal legislation of Serbia","authors":"Miljkan Karličić","doi":"10.5937/zurbezkrim2301053k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zurbezkrim2301053k","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the offense of avoidance of withholding tax from the aspect of provisions in the criminal legislation and practical application and explains tax crimes that are subject to the regulation of basic and secondary criminal legislation. On the one hand, the paper explains in detail ratio legis for criminalization under Article 226 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia and in the context of the relationship between the provisions of the Criminal Code and the Law on Tax Procedure and Tax Administration, and blanket legal norms affecting the application of the provisions governing the structure of the offense of avoidance of withholding tax, on the other. Empirical, comparative-law and interpretation of criminal law methods are used in the paper. The paper presents and analyzes available statistical data on the offense of avoidance of withholding tax from the aspect of the criminal policy of the legislature, courts, public prosecutor's offices, police and tax police. The paper aims to contribute to the elaboration of this problem from the dogmatic-legal and criminal-political aspects in order to improve the practice of courts, prosecutor's offices, lawyers, tax police, criminal police, tax inspection, and tax administration. Some issues are illustrated by court decisions.","PeriodicalId":489758,"journal":{"name":"Žurnal za bezbjednost i kriminalistiku","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135101798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5937/zurbezkrim2301009v
Roman Romačev
This paper provides a definition of proxy intelligence and a classification of intelligence actors using the United States as a model. The activity of the main U.S intelligence actors is briefly discussed. An intelligence service is defined as a service provided by both state and non-state intelligence actors. Document analysis, content analysis and comparative method were used. Based on the study conducted, it was concluded that the U.S. actively uses non-state intelligence actors, particularly private intelligence companies, in its political activities. Their role, contribution and significance in making foreign policy decisions are defined. "An intelligence service" is systematized as a specific service that intelligence agencies provide to their clients. Based on the conclusions reached, practical recommendations are proposed to the Russian authorities to build communication and business relations with Russian private intelligence companies. Based on the finding obtained in this study, a course in the Political Science, Information and Hybrid Warfare master's degree program at Moscow State University was designed.
{"title":"Proxy intelligence and the classification of intelligence actors using the United States as a model","authors":"Roman Romačev","doi":"10.5937/zurbezkrim2301009v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zurbezkrim2301009v","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a definition of proxy intelligence and a classification of intelligence actors using the United States as a model. The activity of the main U.S intelligence actors is briefly discussed. An intelligence service is defined as a service provided by both state and non-state intelligence actors. Document analysis, content analysis and comparative method were used. Based on the study conducted, it was concluded that the U.S. actively uses non-state intelligence actors, particularly private intelligence companies, in its political activities. Their role, contribution and significance in making foreign policy decisions are defined. \"An intelligence service\" is systematized as a specific service that intelligence agencies provide to their clients. Based on the conclusions reached, practical recommendations are proposed to the Russian authorities to build communication and business relations with Russian private intelligence companies. Based on the finding obtained in this study, a course in the Political Science, Information and Hybrid Warfare master's degree program at Moscow State University was designed.","PeriodicalId":489758,"journal":{"name":"Žurnal za bezbjednost i kriminalistiku","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135101459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of newly designed tests for assessing professional firefighters' physical fitness. A total of 15 healthy and physically active firefighters participated in this study. The following tests were performed: Modified Step Test (MStepT), Fire and Rescue Obstacle Course (VPol), Firefighting Equipment Carry Test (NVOpr, and Dummy Drag Test (VLut). The testing was carried out using a randomized method. There was a 10-minute break between the tests. After a week, retesting was conducted under the same conditions. The results of the regression analysis showed that the value of the adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2 ) for all tests ranged from 0.90 (90.00%) to 0.98 (98.00%), from MStepT to NVOpr respectively, and the repeatability (reliability) of the tests in relation to the sample used in testing for all variables was highly statistically significant (p = 0.000). A moderate effect size (d = 0.748, 95% CI = 0.162 - 1.314) was found for the VPol variable, while the effect size was found small (d = 0.212 - 0.281) for the variables (MStepT, NVOpr, VLut). The findings demonstrated that the examined tests can be applied in the practice of professional firefighters for the purposes of testing physical fitness related to the job. Methodologically, it is acceptable to conduct tests for firefighters in complete PPE so that the test conditions and workload are similar to the situational conditions during intervention in the field.
{"title":"The reliability of newly designed specific tests for assessing professional firefighters' physical fitness","authors":"Nemanja Samardžić, Milivoj Dopsaj, Dragan Klisarić","doi":"10.5937/zurbezkrim2301039s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/zurbezkrim2301039s","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of newly designed tests for assessing professional firefighters' physical fitness. A total of 15 healthy and physically active firefighters participated in this study. The following tests were performed: Modified Step Test (MStepT), Fire and Rescue Obstacle Course (VPol), Firefighting Equipment Carry Test (NVOpr, and Dummy Drag Test (VLut). The testing was carried out using a randomized method. There was a 10-minute break between the tests. After a week, retesting was conducted under the same conditions. The results of the regression analysis showed that the value of the adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2 ) for all tests ranged from 0.90 (90.00%) to 0.98 (98.00%), from MStepT to NVOpr respectively, and the repeatability (reliability) of the tests in relation to the sample used in testing for all variables was highly statistically significant (p = 0.000). A moderate effect size (d = 0.748, 95% CI = 0.162 - 1.314) was found for the VPol variable, while the effect size was found small (d = 0.212 - 0.281) for the variables (MStepT, NVOpr, VLut). The findings demonstrated that the examined tests can be applied in the practice of professional firefighters for the purposes of testing physical fitness related to the job. Methodologically, it is acceptable to conduct tests for firefighters in complete PPE so that the test conditions and workload are similar to the situational conditions during intervention in the field.","PeriodicalId":489758,"journal":{"name":"Žurnal za bezbjednost i kriminalistiku","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135101811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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