Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinaria最新文献

Domestic cats can be parasitized by Mycoplasma haemofelis, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis'. Although the molecular occurrence of hemoplasmas in domestic cats has been investigated in the five geographical regions of Brazil, no studies have been conducted in the states of Rondônia and Minas Gerais to date. The present work aimed to investigate the molecular occurrence of hemoplasmas in cats from four Brazilian states in the Northern, Central-Western and Southeastern regions of the country. Among 486 blood samples - 80 from Rondônia (RO), 100 from Goiás (GO), 155 from Minas Gerais (MG), and 151 from São Paulo (SP) - submitted to the endogenous gapdh gene-based PCR, 94.44% (459/486) were positive, of which 1.96% (9/459; 1 from RO, 2 from GO, 5 from MG, and 1 from SP) were positive in the qPCR assay for hemoplasmas based on the 16S rRNA gene. In the phylogenetic analyses, the obtained 16S rRNA (two genotypes) and 23S rRNA (three genotypes) sequences were positioned together with 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum'. The present study showed the first molecular evidence of infection by hemoplasmas in cats from MG and RO, contributing to a better understanding of the epidemiology of feline hemoplasmosis agents in Brazil.

Members of the family Trichomonadidae, particularly Trichomonas gallinae, are globally distributed avian parasites that primarily infect birds from the orders Columbiformes, Falconiformes, and Strigiformes. Although infections in Passeriformes are often subclinical, clinical cases have been reported. Transmission occurs through direct contact or indirectly via contaminated food or water, enabling infection across various avian orders, including Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Gruiformes, Passeriformes, Piciformes, Psittaciformes, and Strigiformes. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and genetic diversity of Trichomonas spp. in 246 wild birds captured in Poconé, Mato Grosso, located in the Brazilian Pantanal. Oropharyngeal swab samples were collected in July 2022 from birds belonging to six different orders. Following DNA extraction, molecular detection was performed targeting the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 ribosomal region. Of the total samples, 107 (43.5%) tested positive, with high prevalence in Passeriformes (40.8%), Cuculiformes (75%), and Columbiformes (63.2%). Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference placed the 18 obtained sequences, representing five distinct haplotypes, into three separate clades of T. gallinae. In conclusion, Trichomonas DNA was detected in asymptomatic birds from three different avian orders. The high infection prevalence and haplotype sharing among species highlight the widespread distribution and potential transmission of T. gallinae among wild birds in the Brazilian Pantanal.

Wild animals are hosts for many species of parasites which act as opportunistic or primary agents of disease. This study investigated the presence of endoparasites in the gastrointestinal tracts of wild animals from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul in the Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and Pantanal biomes. From October 2022 to June 2024, fecal samples were collected from wild animals at two locations: Wildlife Rehabilitation Center (CRAS) in Campo Grande and the Paragem Municipal Natural Park (PNMP) in Dourados. A total of 109 fecal samples were collected: 96 from CRAS and 13 from PNMP and techniques of flotation and sedimentation were used. The prevalence of parasitism was 51.04% and 23.07% in the captive and free-living animals, respectively. The parasites found were nematodes (Strongyloidea, Ancylostomatidae, Ascaridida, Ascaropsinae, Toxocara spp., Capillarinae, Trichuris spp., Ascaris suum, Oxyurida, and nematode larvae), cestodes (Dipylidium spp. and Spirometra spp.), trematodes (Paragonimus spp.), and protozoa (Entamoeba spp., Eimeria spp., Cystoisospora spp., and Coccidia). The highest prevalence was observed for helminths of the Strongyloidea and Ancylostomatidae, followed by Coccidia and Entamoeba spp.. We highlight the importance of such studies to better understand the circulation of etiological agents that may pose a risk to animal and human health.

This study aimed to evaluate the presence, identify Eimeria species, and epidemiological aspects associated with the infection in goat herds in northern Paraná, Brazil. A total of 384 fecal samples were collected from goats of different breeds, ages, and sexes from eight farms. An epidemiological questionnaire about rearing system (semi-intensive or intensive), age of the animals (up to 6 months or over 6 months), and type of floor in the pen (dirt or slatted) was used to evaluate the epidemiological aspects associated with Eimeria spp. infection. The McMaster technique was used to count Eimeria spp. oocysts. After oocyst counting, the samples were separated for sporulation and species identification. In total, 82.3% (316/384) of the samples showed positive results. For OPG, 37% of the animals exhibited counts >1,000 OPG (max.63600 OPG), whereas 63% had counts <1,000 OPG. Animals from semi-intensive production systems had high oocyst counts (mean-2139 OPG). Goats raised in pens with slatted floors (mean-1158 OPG) have lower average oocyst counts than those raised in facilities with dirt floors (mean-2714 OPG). Eight Eimeria species were identified E. arloingi (23.9%), E. apsheronica (19.7%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (14.3%), E. alijevi (12%), E. caprina (10%), E. jolchijevi (9%), E. hirci (6.9%) and E. christenseni (4.2%). This study showed a high prevalence of Eimeria spp. in goats in northern Paraná, Brazil.

The research reports the occurrence and morphologically describes Lernanthropus sp. in the gills of sciaenid fish Macrodon ancylodon and Nebris microps. Specimens of the species were collected and examined. Ectoparasitic copepods with morphological characteristics inherent to the genus Lernanthropus were observed on the gills of the hosts and exhibited the same parasitic prevalence (25%). The copepod in M. ancylodon was male and did not exhibit a sac-like projection with eggs, with poorly developed antennae in the anterior region, a body measuring 4.33 mm in length, and a head distinct from the trunk measuring 0.96 mm (length) x 1.15 mm (width). While in N. micros, it was female, with a very evident sacuolar projection, with more developed and larger antennae than the specimen obtained in M. ancylodon, the anterior part of the trunk (2.1 mm) narrower than the posterior (3.2 mm) and a continuous plate to the trunk in an oval circular shape, with a sacuolar projection (4 mm). It should be noted that until now, there has been no report of the occurrence of this genus in the hosts studied in the state of Pará, which makes this work an important record for the knowledge of the ichthyosanitary status in this region.

As chemotherapeutants used in control and treatment of monogeniosis can cause environmental damage and risks to human health, there is need of compounds alternatives effective and safe to this parasitosis. Essential oils are herbal compounds with good degradability in nature and effectiveness, and resistance absence that can be alternatives to chemotherapeutants. This study aimed to report the first trial on the effects of therapeutic baths with Piper callosum essential oil anti-monogeneans in fish. Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) were subjected to six baths with 100 mg/L of P. callosum essential oil, each lasting 20 minutes per day (short duration), with 24-hour intervals between baths. Therapeutic baths demonstrated efficacy of 83.6% against monogeneans of tambaqui. Fish submitted to therapeutic baths had reduction statistically significant in the plasma levels of total proteins, similar to the control group exposed to water from culture tank + 70% alcohol. The toxicity of P. callosum essential oil was low as there were no significant blood or histopathological changes that compromised gill function in the treated fish. Due to high efficacy of 100 mg/L of P. callosum essential oil in controlling monogenean infestations, six short therapeutic baths on alternate days may be recommended as anti-monogeneans strategy for tambaqui.

The aim of this study is to describe the molecular detection of Haemoproteus columbae Kruse, 1890 (Haemospororida: Haemoproteidae) in Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 (Columbiformes: Columbidae) in southern Brazil, and to determine the prevalence of the haemosporidian by analyzing the infection in relation to birds' age, sex, and place of origin. Blood samples were collected from 57 birds captured in the municipalities of ​​Pelotas and Rio Grande, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between May and November 2022. Microscopic examination and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (CytB) revealed that the prevalence of the haemosporidian was 92.98% (53/57). In the sequencing analysis, the samples showed 98.87-99.08% similarity to the species H. columbae and a new lineage was recorded. No differences in infection rates were observed in relation to age, sex, or place of origin of the birds.

The objective of this study was to describe the seroprevalence and factors associated with Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infections in cattle in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 600 slaughtered cattle and destined intended for consumption, originating from 27 municipalities. The samples were analyzed using the Indirect Immunofluorescence Test, with cut-off points for anti-N. caninum antibodies at 1:200 and for anti-T. gondii antibodies at 1:64. Positive samples were titrated until negative. Epidemiological questionnaires were applied to gather information about the properties and herds. The seroprevalence for N. caninum was 13.2% (79/600), with antibody titers ranging from 1:200 to 1:6400, and for T. gondii it was 12.5% (75/600), with titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:1024. In the multivariate analysis, the factor associated with N. caninum infection was a history of abortion (OR 6.483; CI 6.082-6.884; p < 0.01), and for T. gondii, contact with cats (OR 7.683; CI 7.172-8194; p < 0.005). The seroprevalences for N. caninum and T. gondii in cattle slaughtered for human consumption in Espírito Santo are significant, with a history of abortion being a factor associated with N. caninum infection and contact with cats associated with T. gondii infection.

Although there are reports on many species of ticks infesting dogs, including from the Amazon region, simultaneous infestations by different species are poorly discussed in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to report simultaneous infestations in dogs by different species of ticks, involving up to six species, in two areas of the western Brazilian Amazon, specifically in the border region between the states of Rondônia and Amazonas, in northern Brazil. Ticks were collected between 2021 and 2023 from dogs on private properties surrounding two conservation units: Municipal Natural Park of Porto Velho (NP), and Mapinguari National Park (MNP). The following species were identified: Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma scalpturatum, Amblyomma latepunctatum, Amblyomma oblongogutattum, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma naponense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.. Among the 342 dogs sampled, 184 were from the area around the NP and 158 were from the area around the MNP. A total of 34 dogs (9.9%) exhibited simultaneous tick species infestations, ranging from two to six tick species; 26 dogs (16.5%) with simultaneous infestations were from the MNP area, and eight dogs (4.3%) were from the NP area. This study is the first to report the simultaneous occurrence of four, five or six tick species on individual dogs.

The crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) is a wild carnivore with a broad geographic distribution, randing from Costa Rica to South America. This species remains understudied, particularly regarding Sarcocystis spp. infections. This study aimed to report the first molecular detection of Sarcocystis arctica in P. cancrivorus. The roadkill specimen, recovered from the highway of Pedro Osório, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was subjected to necropsy. Tissues samples, bone marrow and blood were collected, and their genomic DNA was extracted. PCR amplification targeting 18S rRNA, COX1 and 28S genes, genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of S. arctica DNA in cardiac muscle samples. Molecular characterization showed 98.62-99.6% identity to sequences of this species deposited in GenBank. We report the first documentation of S. arctica infection in a P. cancrivorus heart sample. While species within the genus Procyon serve as definitive and intermediate hosts for other Sarcocystis species, it is uncertain whether P. cancrivorus acts as an aberrant host or plays a regular role in the protozoan life cycle, particularly in muscle tissue. Additionally, its impact on P. cancrivorus populations is still unknown, highlighting the need for further studies.