Revista Brasileira De Parasitologia Veterinaria最新文献

Gallery forests harbor mammals and sand flies that may be involved in the transmission of Leishmania spp. parasites. Characterizing the enzootic cycles of Leishmania spp. is essential for understanding its transmission dynamics. We analyzed the presence of Leishmania spp. in mammals and sand flies in gallery forests during the dry season in the Cerrado. Four gallery forests were investigated in May and September 2014. Our capture effort included 1,280 HP trap-nights, 16 Shannon trap-nights for sand flies, and 5,120 trap-nights for mammals. After identifying the mammalian and sand fly species, SSU rRNA and ITS-1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect Leishmania spp. A total of 1,209 sand flies belonging to 13 species were captured, mainly Bichromomyia flaviscutellata. Leishmania spp. DNA was not detected in the analyzed sand fly females. PCR analysis of 153 mammals revealed Leishmania spp. in 20 samples (13%) in May (early dry season), when the infection rate was 31% in one gallery forest. The host species were Rhipidomys macrurus, Gracilinanus agilis, and Didelphis albiventris. We observed a low frequency of mammals infected with Leishmania spp., which was not detected in sand flies. Our results indicate that Leishmania spp. infection is higher in mammals during the early dry season in Cerrado gallery forests.

Canine leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease whose agents are transmitted through the bites of infected phlebotomine sand flies. This disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, including Brazil. However, information on its prevalence in dogs in some Brazilian states remains limited. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in Rio Branco, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 375 dogs aged > 6 months. Two distinct serological methods, dual path platform test (DPP) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were used to investigate the occurrence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies. The results showed a seroprevalence of 38.1%, indicating that the disease occurred in this region. Blood samples considered positive in at least one of the serological methods were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which confirmed the presence of infection in 28.3% (106/375) of the total samples. This is the first study to provide detailed information on the seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis in dogs in Rio Branco, highlighting the importance of disease surveillance and control. Effective actions, such as education campaigns on sand fly prevention and control measures, are necessary to reduce the occurrence of canine and human leishmaniasis in cities.

Some fish parasites can cause a variety of symptoms in humans, including allergies. This was a cross-sectional study based on interviews, serum analysis by ELISA for anti-Pterobothrium heteracanthum IgG and a statistical evaluation. Four individuals were seroreactive (6.25%), with no association with fish handling (p = 1.000) or with ingestion more than twice a week (p = 0.232). There was a significant association (p = 0.032) between reactivity and the absence of allergy symptoms. Seroreactivity against P. heteracanthum in humans was detected, but was not associated with the amount of fish ingested, handled, or with allergic complaints.

Dioctophyme renale is a zoonotic nematode that parasitizes mainly right kidney of domestic and wild canines, and can affect humans, and its eggs are eliminated in urine. The duration of egg dissemination after surgical treatment is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify, quantify, and verify the duration of the elimination of D. renale eggs in dog urine after the surgical removal of nematodes. The study involved 15 dogs in which female specimens of D. renale were detected in kidneys. Urine samples, preferably first-morning urine samples, were collected before and for the first ten days after nephrectomy. For egg quantification, 40 µL samples of urinary sediment were analyzed in triplicate. In laboratory analyses, between 900 and > 6,000 eggs/urine sample were detected in 86.7% of the dogs prior to surgery, and in 40% of the dogs on postoperative day 1. Of the 15 dogs evaluated, 14 (93.3%) eliminated D. renale eggs on each of the first ten postoperative days. Egg elimination peaked on postoperative day 1. Our results indicate that dogs can continue to be sources of D. renale infection even after the helminths have been removed from a parasitized kidney, underscoring the novelty of these findings and their importance for the One Health approach.

Studies on Brazil's helminthological fauna began in the early 20th century, and since then several zoologists from different parts of the country have focused on parasitology. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of helminthological biodiversity in the Amazon region, especially in fish, which is essential for the Amazonian economy. This study aimed to inventory the platyhelminth fauna Cuniculus paca (paca). The viscera of 30 pacas were analyzed, and 60 specimens of platyhelminths were identified, including 52 cestodes and 8 trematodes. Cestodes belonging to the family Davaneidae, identified as Raillietina spp., with an occurrence of 26.67% (n = 8), mean abundance 1.83 and mean intensity of 6.5, were found in the small intestine. The trematodes found in the large intestine were identified as Stichorchis spp., with an occurrence of 6.6% (n = 2), mean abudance 0.32 and a mean intensity of four. To the genus Raillietina, we provide new insights into the helminth fauna of this game rodent in the Western Amazon. The discovery of a new site of occurrence for the genus Stichorchis highlights the gap in knowledge regarding the parasitic diversity of consumed animals in the extreme western Amazon region, emphasizing the need for more in-depth scientific investigations in this area.

The aim of this study was to evaluate different transportation and incubation conditions to test the viability of adult Fasciola hepatica in order to propose a new cultivation workflow. The adult stage of F. hepatica was obtained from naturally infected cattle at a local slaughterhouse in Lima, Peru. Different transport and incubation conditions of F. hepatica were tested, evaluating its viability through a motility scale. DMEM and RPMI 1640 media presented better transport conditions compared to Hedon-Fleig and PBS media (p < 0.001), maintaining the flukes at 37°C. Also, DMEM and RPMI-1640 media presented better incubation conditions compared to Hedon-fleig (p < 0.001). A minimum of 3 ml of medium per fluke was required to maintain best viability (p < 0.001) and no differences in viability were found between the different types of culture plates (p > 0.05). In addition, we found that incubation with DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) at concentrations greater than 0.5% v/v for 48 hours generates toxicity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, RPMI 1640 and DMEN media presented better transport and in vitro cultivation conditions for F. hepatica, using DMSO at concentrations lower than 0.5% v/v.

Lice are obligate ectoparasites of birds and mammals with specialized mouthparts adapted to feed on the blood or other body tissues of their respective hosts. The registry of parasites that can cause economic and health impacts on the buffalo herd of the country is of utmost importance. In the present study, we report the first record of Haematopinus tuberculatus parasitizing buffalo in the municipality of Autazes, Amazonas, Brazil. The study was conducted in a rural private area located on the banks of the Paraná Madeirinha River. Twelve specimens were collected and identified as H. tuberculatus, comprising five females, six males, and one third instar nymph. The lice were observed on females buffalo during milking; however, the greatest abundance was found on calves, in the neck, back, and loin regions. There was no visible DNA amplification on agarose gel for the samples tested. However, the record of this louse species parasitizing on buffaloes in the region highlights the potential for epizootic outbreaks to occur in the area.

The barred grunt, Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of the most important marine-estuarine fish along the Brazilian coast. The present study evaluated the parasite fauna of this haemulid fish along the Southern Atlantic coast. From September 2010 to July 2011, a total of 100 specimens of C. nobilis from Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (23°01'21"S, 44°19'13"W), were examined. Ninety-seven individuals were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan, with a mean of 4.50 ± 3.54 parasites per fish. Eighteen species of parasites were collected: eight copepods, four digeneans, two cestodes, one acanthocephalan, one aspidogastrean, one isopod and one monogenean. The copepod Lernanthropus rathbuni was the most abundant and dominant species, accounting for 17.77% of all parasite specimens collected. Caligus haemulonis was the most prevalent. Prevalence and abundance of Acantholochus lamellatus and L. rathbuni tended to be higher in smaller fish, whereas those of Torticaecum sp. were higher in larger fish. The mean abundance of C. haemulonis was significantly higher in male hosts. A negative association was observed between two species of ectoparasites. The parasite community of C. nobilis was characterized by dominance of copepods, which can be related to host's schooling behavior.

The aim of this study was to describe a new species of Didymozoidae (Trematoda) found in the mesentery of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque) off Cabo Frio, in the coastal area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thirty specimens of E. alletteratus were obtained between August 2023 and June 2024, directly from traders who sell fresh fish in markets. The parasites were fixed in AFA (93% ethanol 70%, 5% formaldehyde and 2% glacial acetic acid) with or without compression, stained with Langeron's hydrochloric carmine, dehydrated in an alcohol series, clarified in clove oil and mounted in Canada balsam as permanent slides. The new species was assigned to the genus Lobatozoum Ishii, 1935, mainly by the presence of lobes in the posterior region of the body and by the arrangement of the testes, ovary and vitellaria. Lobatozoum woodi n. sp. differs from all congeneric species mainly by presenting three testicular tubules, by the size of pharynx, larger than the oral sucker, and by the absence of digestive glands cells in esophagus and initial portion of caeca. The finding of a new species of Lobatozoum represents the eleventh valid species in the genus.

The aim of this study was to detect trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma vivax, in blood smears, DNA of T. vivax and anti-T. vivax antibodies in samples from buffalos reared in the lowlands of Maranhão, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 116 buffalos and 25 ectoparasite specimens. Blood smears were produced to diagnose forms compatible with Trypanosoma spp.; the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and lateral-flow immunochromatography (Imunotest®) serological tests were used; and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to make molecular diagnoses. No forms compatible with Trypanosoma spp. were observed in blood smears. Among the 116 serum samples analyzed, 79.31% and 76.72% were positive in the ELISA and rapid tests, respectively. One sample was positive in the molecular test. Twenty-five lice of the species Haematopinus tuberculatus were collected. When subjected to PCR for detection of DNA of T. vivax, all of them were negative. The louse specimens were negative for T. vivax. There were no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the presence of T. vivax in this region, in relation to the animals' age and sex. It can be concluded that these protozoa are circulating in the buffalo herd of the lowlands of Maranhão displaying crypitc parasitemias.