Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad061
Chidinma E Israel, Kareen O Attama, Hope Chizolum Opara, Chikaodili N Ihudiebube-Splendor, Ngozi J Omotola
Background: Sepsis in the first week or two of life is a major cause of newborn deaths. People from diverse cultural backgrounds use different substances for umbilical cord care. Evidence-based umbilical cord care practices have a large potential to lower infant morbidity and mortality linked to infection. This study investigated the knowledge and use of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was employed among 191 postpartum women at the Poly General Hospital Asata, Enugu, selected through simple random sampling. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: More than one-half (n=101; 52.1%) had poor knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care. There was no significant association between educational status and knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care among the participants (p=0.072). Only 89 (46.6%) had ever used chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care, while 49 (25.7%) used chlorhexidine gel for their last child. Parity was not significantly associated with the use of chlorhexidine gel (p=0.736). Both educational status (p=0.019) and knowledge of chlorhexidine use for umbilical cord care (p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with its use.
Conclusions: There was poor knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use for umbilical cord care among the participants. Use of chlorhexidine gel in this population is still suboptimal. Healthcare providers should continue to provide information on chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care in order to optimise its knowledge and use. Other factors associated with the use of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care should be explored.
背景:出生后一两周内的败血症是新生儿死亡的主要原因。不同文化背景的人使用不同的物质进行脐带护理。以证据为基础的脐带护理方法很有可能降低与感染有关的婴儿发病率和死亡率。本研究对洗必泰凝胶用于脐带护理的知识和使用情况进行了调查:通过简单随机抽样,对埃努古阿萨塔综合医院(Poly General Hospital Asata)的 191 名产后妇女进行了横断面描述性调查。数据收集采用了研究人员开发的调查问卷:超过二分之一(n=101;52.1%)的妇女对在脐带护理中使用洗必泰凝胶的知识知之甚少。受教育程度与脐带护理中使用洗必泰凝胶的知识之间无明显关联(P=0.072)。只有 89 人(46.6%)曾在脐带护理中使用过洗必泰凝胶,49 人(25.7%)在上一个孩子出生时使用过洗必泰凝胶。胎次与使用洗必泰凝胶的关系不大(p=0.736)。受教育程度(p=0.019)和对使用洗必泰进行脐带护理的知识(p 结论:对使用洗必泰进行脐带护理的知识知之甚少:参与者对使用洗必泰凝胶进行脐带护理的知识知之甚少。在这一人群中使用洗必泰凝胶的效果仍不理想。医疗服务提供者应继续提供有关在脐带护理中使用洗必泰凝胶的信息,以优化对其的了解和使用。还应探讨与使用洗必泰凝胶进行脐带护理相关的其他因素。
{"title":"Knowledge and use of chorhexidine gel in umbilical cord care among postpartum women at Poly General Hospital, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Chidinma E Israel, Kareen O Attama, Hope Chizolum Opara, Chikaodili N Ihudiebube-Splendor, Ngozi J Omotola","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis in the first week or two of life is a major cause of newborn deaths. People from diverse cultural backgrounds use different substances for umbilical cord care. Evidence-based umbilical cord care practices have a large potential to lower infant morbidity and mortality linked to infection. This study investigated the knowledge and use of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive survey was employed among 191 postpartum women at the Poly General Hospital Asata, Enugu, selected through simple random sampling. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used for data collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than one-half (n=101; 52.1%) had poor knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care. There was no significant association between educational status and knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care among the participants (p=0.072). Only 89 (46.6%) had ever used chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care, while 49 (25.7%) used chlorhexidine gel for their last child. Parity was not significantly associated with the use of chlorhexidine gel (p=0.736). Both educational status (p=0.019) and knowledge of chlorhexidine use for umbilical cord care (p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with its use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was poor knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use for umbilical cord care among the participants. Use of chlorhexidine gel in this population is still suboptimal. Healthcare providers should continue to provide information on chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care in order to optimise its knowledge and use. Other factors associated with the use of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care should be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9925504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad068
Jianghua Zhang, Baojie Guo, Xuemei Fu, Xing Lin Feng
Background: Contextualizing in China's recent health reform, we empirically explore the heterogeneous effects of two distinct government roles, accommodating private hospitals vs investing in public hospitals, on health system efficiency.
Methods: We use panel data covering 31 provinces during 2010-2019 to assess health system efficiency. We incorporate health service volumes and population health outcomes to ascertain health system outputs, employing the non-radial directional distance function to estimate efficiency. We employ Bayesian Tobit quantile regression to explore the heterogeneous effects of the share of private hospitals and government subsidy to public providers on efficiency.
Results: China's health system inefficiency scores range from 0 to 0.45. The association between the share of private hospitals and inefficiency score are only significant in higher-inefficiency quantiles (coefficients -0.0258, -0.0315 and -0.0327 for quantiles 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9), meaning a heterogeneously positive impact for low-efficiency provinces. The association between government subsidy and inefficiency score are positive for all quantiles (from 0.0339 to 0.0567), meaning persistent negative impacts on efficiency.
Conclusions: The heterogeneous impacts of the share of private hospitals suggest that the government should accommodate more private hospitals in provinces with low efficiency. The persistent negative impacts of government subsidy suggest that the government investment seems not be subjected to economic objectives.
{"title":"The heterogeneous impacts of government on health system efficiency in China's new health reform, 2010-2019.","authors":"Jianghua Zhang, Baojie Guo, Xuemei Fu, Xing Lin Feng","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contextualizing in China's recent health reform, we empirically explore the heterogeneous effects of two distinct government roles, accommodating private hospitals vs investing in public hospitals, on health system efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use panel data covering 31 provinces during 2010-2019 to assess health system efficiency. We incorporate health service volumes and population health outcomes to ascertain health system outputs, employing the non-radial directional distance function to estimate efficiency. We employ Bayesian Tobit quantile regression to explore the heterogeneous effects of the share of private hospitals and government subsidy to public providers on efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>China's health system inefficiency scores range from 0 to 0.45. The association between the share of private hospitals and inefficiency score are only significant in higher-inefficiency quantiles (coefficients -0.0258, -0.0315 and -0.0327 for quantiles 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9), meaning a heterogeneously positive impact for low-efficiency provinces. The association between government subsidy and inefficiency score are positive for all quantiles (from 0.0339 to 0.0567), meaning persistent negative impacts on efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The heterogeneous impacts of the share of private hospitals suggest that the government should accommodate more private hospitals in provinces with low efficiency. The persistent negative impacts of government subsidy suggest that the government investment seems not be subjected to economic objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10065475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Centralized quarantine was applied in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. The present study aimed to investigate changes in psychological status of isolated individuals before and after quarantine.
Methods: Between August 2020 and July 2021, 648 participants completed the following psychometric evaluations before and after centralized quarantine: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder for anxiety, the Chinese version of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale for psychological resilience, the Chinese version of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire for coping style, Jiang's revised Chinese version of the Perceived Social Support Scale for social support and the Chinese version of the Impact of Events Scale for stress.
Results: At the beginning of centralized quarantine, 83.2% (n=539) of participants had no depressive mood, 11% (n=71) had mild depressive mood and 5.8% (n=38) had moderate-severe depressive mood. At the end of quarantine, 80.8% (n=524) of participants had no depressive mood, 13% (n=84) had mild depressive mood and 6.2% (n=41) had moderate-severe depressive mood. At the beginning of the centralized quarantine, 86.7% (n=562) of participants had no anxiety, 9.6% (n=62) had mild anxiety and 3.7% (n=24) had moderate-severe anxiety. At the end of quarantine, 85.8% (n=556) of participants had no anxiety, 11.6% (n=75) had mild anxiety and 2.6% (n=17) had moderate-severe anxiety. After 2 weeks of centralized quarantine, anxiety (t=2.175, p<0.05), stress (t=7.453, p<0.01) and three stress subscale scores (p<0.01) decreased significantly; psychology resilience (t=-3.63, p<0.01), tenacity (t=-4.747, p<0.01), active coping style (t=-3.83, p<0.01) and support outside family (t=-3.07, p<0.05) all increased significantly. No significant change was observed in depression, strength, optimism, passive coping style or support inside family. Depression and anxiety scores associated significantly with resilience, stress, coping styles and social support scores. Anxiety (B=0.488, β=0.413, p<0.01), psychological resilience (B=-0.047, β=-0.203, p<0.01) and stress (B=1.475, β=0.167, p<0.1) scores before centralized quarantine were associated with depression after quarantine. Depression (B=0.323, β=0.422, p<0.01), psychological resilience (B=-0.022, β=-0.123, p<0.01) and stress (B=1.408, β=0.207, p<0.01) scores before quarantine also influenced anxiety levels after quarantine. A cross-lagged panel model indicated that depression, anxiety, resilience and stress scores at the first assessment were predictive of depression and anxiety levels at the second assessment.
Conclusions: Good mental health during centralized quarantine was associated with high scores of psychological resilience, impact of events, coping styles and social support and did not become worse in settings where adequate support wa
{"title":"Longitudinal investigation of factors influencing mental health during centralized quarantine for COVID-19.","authors":"Haoran Yu, Wenyan Huang, Xin Yang, Hao Yang, Hui Ma, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Centralized quarantine was applied in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. The present study aimed to investigate changes in psychological status of isolated individuals before and after quarantine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between August 2020 and July 2021, 648 participants completed the following psychometric evaluations before and after centralized quarantine: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder for anxiety, the Chinese version of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale for psychological resilience, the Chinese version of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire for coping style, Jiang's revised Chinese version of the Perceived Social Support Scale for social support and the Chinese version of the Impact of Events Scale for stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the beginning of centralized quarantine, 83.2% (n=539) of participants had no depressive mood, 11% (n=71) had mild depressive mood and 5.8% (n=38) had moderate-severe depressive mood. At the end of quarantine, 80.8% (n=524) of participants had no depressive mood, 13% (n=84) had mild depressive mood and 6.2% (n=41) had moderate-severe depressive mood. At the beginning of the centralized quarantine, 86.7% (n=562) of participants had no anxiety, 9.6% (n=62) had mild anxiety and 3.7% (n=24) had moderate-severe anxiety. At the end of quarantine, 85.8% (n=556) of participants had no anxiety, 11.6% (n=75) had mild anxiety and 2.6% (n=17) had moderate-severe anxiety. After 2 weeks of centralized quarantine, anxiety (t=2.175, p<0.05), stress (t=7.453, p<0.01) and three stress subscale scores (p<0.01) decreased significantly; psychology resilience (t=-3.63, p<0.01), tenacity (t=-4.747, p<0.01), active coping style (t=-3.83, p<0.01) and support outside family (t=-3.07, p<0.05) all increased significantly. No significant change was observed in depression, strength, optimism, passive coping style or support inside family. Depression and anxiety scores associated significantly with resilience, stress, coping styles and social support scores. Anxiety (B=0.488, β=0.413, p<0.01), psychological resilience (B=-0.047, β=-0.203, p<0.01) and stress (B=1.475, β=0.167, p<0.1) scores before centralized quarantine were associated with depression after quarantine. Depression (B=0.323, β=0.422, p<0.01), psychological resilience (B=-0.022, β=-0.123, p<0.01) and stress (B=1.408, β=0.207, p<0.01) scores before quarantine also influenced anxiety levels after quarantine. A cross-lagged panel model indicated that depression, anxiety, resilience and stress scores at the first assessment were predictive of depression and anxiety levels at the second assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Good mental health during centralized quarantine was associated with high scores of psychological resilience, impact of events, coping styles and social support and did not become worse in settings where adequate support wa","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9997766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad113
{"title":"Erratum to: Securing the supply of benzathine penicillin: a global perspective on risks and mitigation strategies to prevent future shortages.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad087
Frederic Seghers, Melanie M Taylor, Andrew Storey, Jicui Dong, Teodora C Wi, Rosemary Wyber, Kate Ralston, Boniface Dongmo Nguimfack
Benzathine benzylpenicillin is a globally indispensable medicine. As a long-lasting injectable penicillin, it serves as the primary treatment for syphilis, group A streptococcal infections, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. A competitive market and low profit margins, compounded by limited visibility of demand, have resulted in a decreased number of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturers. By 2016, only three Chinese API manufacturers remained, continuing to supply to the global market today. Recurring global shortages, a consequence of supply and demand imbalances, indicate underlying market risks. Therefore, the need for mitigation strategies is imperative.
{"title":"Securing the supply of benzathine penicillin: a global perspective on risks and mitigation strategies to prevent future shortages.","authors":"Frederic Seghers, Melanie M Taylor, Andrew Storey, Jicui Dong, Teodora C Wi, Rosemary Wyber, Kate Ralston, Boniface Dongmo Nguimfack","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzathine benzylpenicillin is a globally indispensable medicine. As a long-lasting injectable penicillin, it serves as the primary treatment for syphilis, group A streptococcal infections, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. A competitive market and low profit margins, compounded by limited visibility of demand, have resulted in a decreased number of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturers. By 2016, only three Chinese API manufacturers remained, continuing to supply to the global market today. Recurring global shortages, a consequence of supply and demand imbalances, indicate underlying market risks. Therefore, the need for mitigation strategies is imperative.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10987389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41122413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nearly one-third of the world's population (2.4 billion people) rely on unclean cooking fuel sources. The study assessed the association of the type of cooking fuel and hypertension risk in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
Methods: The study analysed pooled data from 97 942 individuals in the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) between 2014 and 2021 in 10 SSA countries. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, including basic descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The independent variable of interest was the type of cooking fuel, while hypertension served as the outcome variable.
Results: Women using unclean cooking fuel were 1.21 times more likely to be hypertensive compared with those using clean cooking fuel (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.11 to 1.31]). Older age (aOR 5.78 [95% CI 5.04 to 6.62]), higher education (aOR 1.14 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.23]), being married (aOR 1.64 [95% CI 1.49 to 1.80]), working in sales and services occupations (aOR 1.34 [95% CI 1.24 to 1.44]), frequent health facility visits (aOR 1.59 [95% CI 1.51 to 1.68]), higher wealth index and exposure to media were significantly associated with hypertension risk.
Conclusions: Efforts to reduce reliance on unclean cooking fuel at both the household and population levels need to be intensified in SSA countries. Promoting the use of clean cooking technologies and fuels and implementing supportive policies for transitioning from unclean cooking fuels are crucial. Targeted interventions to reduce hypertension risk in SSA should focus on women using unclean cooking fuel, older women, individuals from wealthier households and those with higher education levels.
背景:世界上近三分之一的人口(24 亿人)依赖不清洁的烹饪燃料。该研究评估了撒哈拉以南非洲地区(SSA)烹饪燃料类型与高血压风险之间的关系:研究分析了 10 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家在 2014 年至 2021 年期间人口与健康调查 (DHS) 中 97 942 人的汇总数据。研究进行了单变量、双变量和多变量分析,包括基本描述性统计和二元逻辑回归。相关的自变量是烹饪燃料的类型,而高血压则是结果变量:使用不洁烹饪燃料的妇女患高血压的几率是使用清洁烹饪燃料妇女的 1.21 倍(调整后的几率比 [aOR] 1.21 [95% 置信区间 {CI} 1.11 至 1.31])。年龄较大(aOR 5.78 [95% CI 5.04 至 6.62])、教育程度较高(aOR 1.14 [95% CI 1.05 至 1.23])、已婚(aOR 1.64 [95% CI 1.49 至 1.80])、从事销售和服务职业(aOR 1.34 [95% CI 1.24 to 1.44])、经常去医疗机构(aOR 1.59 [95% CI 1.51 to 1.68])、财富指数较高和接触媒体与高血压风险显著相关:撒哈拉以南非洲国家需要在家庭和人口层面加强努力,减少对不清洁烹饪燃料的依赖。推广使用清洁烹饪技术和燃料,并实施支持性政策以取代不洁烹饪燃料至关重要。为降低撒哈拉以南非洲地区的高血压风险而采取的有针对性的干预措施应侧重于使用不洁烹饪燃料的妇女、老年妇女、富裕家庭的个人和教育水平较高的个人。
{"title":"Influence of type of cooking fuel on risk of hypertension among reproductive-age women in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.","authors":"Castro Ayebeng, Joshua Okyere, Kwamena Sekyi Dickson","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nearly one-third of the world's population (2.4 billion people) rely on unclean cooking fuel sources. The study assessed the association of the type of cooking fuel and hypertension risk in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analysed pooled data from 97 942 individuals in the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) between 2014 and 2021 in 10 SSA countries. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, including basic descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The independent variable of interest was the type of cooking fuel, while hypertension served as the outcome variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women using unclean cooking fuel were 1.21 times more likely to be hypertensive compared with those using clean cooking fuel (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.11 to 1.31]). Older age (aOR 5.78 [95% CI 5.04 to 6.62]), higher education (aOR 1.14 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.23]), being married (aOR 1.64 [95% CI 1.49 to 1.80]), working in sales and services occupations (aOR 1.34 [95% CI 1.24 to 1.44]), frequent health facility visits (aOR 1.59 [95% CI 1.51 to 1.68]), higher wealth index and exposure to media were significantly associated with hypertension risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Efforts to reduce reliance on unclean cooking fuel at both the household and population levels need to be intensified in SSA countries. Promoting the use of clean cooking technologies and fuels and implementing supportive policies for transitioning from unclean cooking fuels are crucial. Targeted interventions to reduce hypertension risk in SSA should focus on women using unclean cooking fuel, older women, individuals from wealthier households and those with higher education levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81164441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite and probably one of the main causes of adverse birth outcomes. Still, there is a paucity of information regarding the burden of T. vaginalis infection in Iranian women. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on trichomoniasis among females in Iran from January 2000 to January 2023. We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Iran Medex, Magiran and Iran Doc) and identified 108 articles with a total of 200 728 women. Using a random effects model, we found a pooled prevalence of 4.30% (95% CI 3.23 to 5.52%). Subgroup analysis, also, demonstrated a statistically significant association between the T. vaginalis prevalence in Iranian women, and the age range, city, sample type, being in prison, sex working and symptomatic infections. Our findings provide important information for healthcare authorities and can inform prevention strategies against trichomoniasis in Iran.
阴道毛滴虫是一种原生动物寄生虫,可能是导致不良分娩后果的主要原因之一。然而,有关伊朗妇女阴道毛滴虫感染负担的信息仍然很少。为了填补这一空白,我们对 2000 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月期间伊朗女性滴虫病的相关研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。我们检索了多个电子数据库(PubMed、Science Direct、Scopus、ProQuest、Web of Science、Google Scholar、Scientific Information Database、Iran Medex、Magiran 和 Iran Doc),共发现 108 篇文章,涉及 200 728 名女性。使用随机效应模型,我们发现总患病率为 4.30%(95% CI 3.23 至 5.52%)。亚组分析还显示,伊朗妇女的阴道特异性淋病流行率与年龄范围、城市、样本类型、是否在监狱服刑、性工作和无症状感染之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联。我们的研究结果为医疗机构提供了重要信息,并可为伊朗滴虫病预防策略提供参考。
{"title":"The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among the female population of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zeinab Moghadamizad, Javad Yazdizadeh Khalili, Meysam Olfatifar, Milad Badri, Sasan Khazaei","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad059","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite and probably one of the main causes of adverse birth outcomes. Still, there is a paucity of information regarding the burden of T. vaginalis infection in Iranian women. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on trichomoniasis among females in Iran from January 2000 to January 2023. We searched multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database, Iran Medex, Magiran and Iran Doc) and identified 108 articles with a total of 200 728 women. Using a random effects model, we found a pooled prevalence of 4.30% (95% CI 3.23 to 5.52%). Subgroup analysis, also, demonstrated a statistically significant association between the T. vaginalis prevalence in Iranian women, and the age range, city, sample type, being in prison, sex working and symptomatic infections. Our findings provide important information for healthcare authorities and can inform prevention strategies against trichomoniasis in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9960408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad117
{"title":"Corrigendum to: Prevalence and determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in Lesotho: a population-based survey.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad117","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad066
Kareen Atekem, Philippe Nwane, Rogers Nditanchou, Anita Jeyam, Aude Wilhelm, Richard Selby, Louise Hamill, Elena Schmidt, Ruth Dixon, Daniel Boakye
Background: Human landing catches (HLCs) are required to collect blackflies for entomological evaluation to verify onchocerciasis elimination. However, there are ethical concerns regarding exposure of vector collectors to infectious blackflies and safer alternative methods are needed. This study evaluated a modified HLC technique where collectors wore coloured trousers (blue, black or blue-black), protecting them from bites during fly collection, and their performance was compared with the standard.
Methods: The study was conducted in Makouopsap, Cameroon, in the Massangam health district for 4 months. Four collector pairs-one 'standard' (bare-legged) and three modified-were placed 50 m apart along known breeding sites on the Mbam and Nja Rivers. Collections were performed from 07:00 to 17:00 h, 4 d/month. Hourly rates of flies caught were analysed using a negative binomial generalised linear model to explore associations between flies caught and collection techniques and seasons.
Results: Overall, 17 246 blackflies were caught. There was no significant statistical difference in the number of blackflies and parous flies caught between black trousers and the standard. Thus there is a strong indication that wearing black trousers is a viable non-inferior alternative to the standard HLC.
Conclusions: Further studies are needed to confirm generalisability in different ecozones and transmission environments and among different blackfly species.
{"title":"Comparison of standard and modified human landing catching techniques for blackfly collection.","authors":"Kareen Atekem, Philippe Nwane, Rogers Nditanchou, Anita Jeyam, Aude Wilhelm, Richard Selby, Louise Hamill, Elena Schmidt, Ruth Dixon, Daniel Boakye","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human landing catches (HLCs) are required to collect blackflies for entomological evaluation to verify onchocerciasis elimination. However, there are ethical concerns regarding exposure of vector collectors to infectious blackflies and safer alternative methods are needed. This study evaluated a modified HLC technique where collectors wore coloured trousers (blue, black or blue-black), protecting them from bites during fly collection, and their performance was compared with the standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in Makouopsap, Cameroon, in the Massangam health district for 4 months. Four collector pairs-one 'standard' (bare-legged) and three modified-were placed 50 m apart along known breeding sites on the Mbam and Nja Rivers. Collections were performed from 07:00 to 17:00 h, 4 d/month. Hourly rates of flies caught were analysed using a negative binomial generalised linear model to explore associations between flies caught and collection techniques and seasons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 17 246 blackflies were caught. There was no significant statistical difference in the number of blackflies and parous flies caught between black trousers and the standard. Thus there is a strong indication that wearing black trousers is a viable non-inferior alternative to the standard HLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further studies are needed to confirm generalisability in different ecozones and transmission environments and among different blackfly species.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10071876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad044
Friday Okonofua, Bola F Ekezue, Lorretta Favour Ntoimo, Victor Ohenhen, Kingsley Agholor, Wilson Imongan, Rosemary Ogu, Hadiza Galadanci
Background: Eclampsia causes maternal mortality in Nigeria. This study presents the effectiveness of multifaceted interventions that addressed institutional barriers in reducing the incidence and case fatality rates associated with eclampsia.
Methods: The design was quasi-experimental and the activities implemented at intervention hospitals included a new strategic plan, retraining health providers on eclampsia management protocols, clinical reviews of delivery care and educating pregnant women and their partners. Prospective data were collected monthly on eclampsia and related indicators from study sites over 2 y. The results were analysed by univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: The results show a higher eclampsia rate (5.88% vs 2.45%) and a lower use of partograph and antenatal care (ANC; 17.99% vs 23.42%) in control compared with intervention hospitals, but similar case fatality rates of <1%. Overall, adjusted analysis shows a 63% decrease in the odds of eclampsia at intervention compared with control hospitals. Factors associated with eclampsia were ANC, referral for care from other facilities and older maternal age.
Conclusion: We conclude that multifaceted interventions that address challenges associated with managing pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in health facilities can reduce eclampsia occurrence in referral facilities in Nigeria and potential eclampsia death in resource-poor African countries.
{"title":"Outcomes of a multifaceted intervention to prevent eclampsia and eclampsia-related deaths in Nigerian referral facilities.","authors":"Friday Okonofua, Bola F Ekezue, Lorretta Favour Ntoimo, Victor Ohenhen, Kingsley Agholor, Wilson Imongan, Rosemary Ogu, Hadiza Galadanci","doi":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/inthealth/ihad044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eclampsia causes maternal mortality in Nigeria. This study presents the effectiveness of multifaceted interventions that addressed institutional barriers in reducing the incidence and case fatality rates associated with eclampsia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The design was quasi-experimental and the activities implemented at intervention hospitals included a new strategic plan, retraining health providers on eclampsia management protocols, clinical reviews of delivery care and educating pregnant women and their partners. Prospective data were collected monthly on eclampsia and related indicators from study sites over 2 y. The results were analysed by univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show a higher eclampsia rate (5.88% vs 2.45%) and a lower use of partograph and antenatal care (ANC; 17.99% vs 23.42%) in control compared with intervention hospitals, but similar case fatality rates of <1%. Overall, adjusted analysis shows a 63% decrease in the odds of eclampsia at intervention compared with control hospitals. Factors associated with eclampsia were ANC, referral for care from other facilities and older maternal age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that multifaceted interventions that address challenges associated with managing pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in health facilities can reduce eclampsia occurrence in referral facilities in Nigeria and potential eclampsia death in resource-poor African countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":49060,"journal":{"name":"International Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11062200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9699140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}