Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500510
Hasil Sembiring, Erythrina Erythrina, Aris Pramudia, Nuning A. Subekti, Dedi Nugraha, Bhakti Priatmojo, Priatna Sasmita, Asmanur Jannah
Primary risk to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is salinity intrusion and water scarcity, leading to a shortage of irrigation water and yield reduction. We examine the impactâs effects of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) vs. continuous flooding (CF) and microbe application on yields of three rice cultivars (Ciherang, Inpari 34 Salin Agritan, Inpari 35 Salin Agritan) grown under slight and moderate soil salinity in the dry season (DS) 2017 and 2018. Under slight soil salinity, AWD and CF had nonsignificant difference in grain yield. Under a moderate soil salinity level, there was a substantial decrease in grain yield (8.2%), number of productive tillers, seeds panicle-1, and weight of 1000 grains with the plants grown under AWD. Increased soil salinity levels resulted in lower yield reduction with microbial than without microbial treatments. âCiherangâ showed superiority over âInpari 34â and âInpari 35â under AWD at slight soil salinity. However, the yield reduction in the moderate salinity level was more remarkable for âCiherangâ (18.1%) than âInpari 34â and âInpari 35â (9.7%) as salinity-tolerant varieties. The AWD used almost one-third less irrigation supplement than CF. This greatly assists small farmers in reducing the additional cost of pumping water. On average, AWD improved total water productivity by 32.7% under slight and 20.4% under moderate soil salinity over CF. Here, we lay out the potential for small farmers in slight salinity lowlands areas of the northern coast of Java to apply AWD during the DS. Farmers could manage water efficiently to prevent further yield loss and improve farm profitably.
{"title":"Impact of different water management and microbe application on yield of rice cultivars under seawater intrusion areas of Indonesia","authors":"Hasil Sembiring, Erythrina Erythrina, Aris Pramudia, Nuning A. Subekti, Dedi Nugraha, Bhakti Priatmojo, Priatna Sasmita, Asmanur Jannah","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500510","url":null,"abstract":"Primary risk to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is salinity intrusion and water scarcity, leading to a shortage of irrigation water and yield reduction. We examine the impactâs effects of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) vs. continuous flooding (CF) and microbe application on yields of three rice cultivars (Ciherang, Inpari 34 Salin Agritan, Inpari 35 Salin Agritan) grown under slight and moderate soil salinity in the dry season (DS) 2017 and 2018. Under slight soil salinity, AWD and CF had nonsignificant difference in grain yield. Under a moderate soil salinity level, there was a substantial decrease in grain yield (8.2%), number of productive tillers, seeds panicle-1, and weight of 1000 grains with the plants grown under AWD. Increased soil salinity levels resulted in lower yield reduction with microbial than without microbial treatments. âCiherangâ showed superiority over âInpari 34â and âInpari 35â under AWD at slight soil salinity. However, the yield reduction in the moderate salinity level was more remarkable for âCiherangâ (18.1%) than âInpari 34â and âInpari 35â (9.7%) as salinity-tolerant varieties. The AWD used almost one-third less irrigation supplement than CF. This greatly assists small farmers in reducing the additional cost of pumping water. On average, AWD improved total water productivity by 32.7% under slight and 20.4% under moderate soil salinity over CF. Here, we lay out the potential for small farmers in slight salinity lowlands areas of the northern coast of Java to apply AWD during the DS. Farmers could manage water efficiently to prevent further yield loss and improve farm profitably.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500626
Arifin Fahmi, Anna Hairani, Muhammad Alwi, Siti Nurzakiah
Acid sulfate soils (ASS) are rich in Fe, low in available P, and low in soil pH. In acid soils, low P availability is associated with high Fe concentration, which has a high capability in P retention. The reactivity of Fe oxyhydroxides turns large proportions of soil P into insoluble or unavailable form. This review paper is addressed to provide new insights into the Fe and P relationship as the P source for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in ASS. Fertilizer application did not significantly alter P solubility in soil solution due to high reactivity and retention power of Fe mineral in ASS, but rice cultivation practice such as water management and soil amelioration has influenced formation, crystallization and character of Fe mineral. Subsequently determining adsorption and desorption of P. Soil waterlogging and drying alternately during rice cultivation have change soil pH and redox potential (Eh), causing dissolution of P from vivianite and reduction of Fe(III)-P to Fe(II)-P. We summarize that Fe-P pools (amorphous-Fe-P) in the rice fields in ASS are categorized as readily available or labile P fraction.
{"title":"Fe-P pools as phosphorus source for rice in acid sulfate soils","authors":"Arifin Fahmi, Anna Hairani, Muhammad Alwi, Siti Nurzakiah","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500626","url":null,"abstract":"Acid sulfate soils (ASS) are rich in Fe, low in available P, and low in soil pH. In acid soils, low P availability is associated with high Fe concentration, which has a high capability in P retention. The reactivity of Fe oxyhydroxides turns large proportions of soil P into insoluble or unavailable form. This review paper is addressed to provide new insights into the Fe and P relationship as the P source for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in ASS. Fertilizer application did not significantly alter P solubility in soil solution due to high reactivity and retention power of Fe mineral in ASS, but rice cultivation practice such as water management and soil amelioration has influenced formation, crystallization and character of Fe mineral. Subsequently determining adsorption and desorption of P. Soil waterlogging and drying alternately during rice cultivation have change soil pH and redox potential (Eh), causing dissolution of P from vivianite and reduction of Fe(III)-P to Fe(II)-P. We summarize that Fe-P pools (amorphous-Fe-P) in the rice fields in ASS are categorized as readily available or labile P fraction.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500616
Wengler Mateus Garcia, Edilson Costa, Tiago Zoz, Thaise Dantas, Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti, Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo, Murilo Battistuzzi Martins, Gustavo Haralampidou da Costa Vieira
Iron (Fe) is shown to be of great importance in some specific functions, and without it, the plant can experience a nutritional imbalance, thus affecting its development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of Fe doses in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) âObatã IAC 1669-20â seedlings via foliar, previous fertilization of the substrate, and aqueous solution on the substrate and identify the best management. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and five replicates. The treatments were five Fe concentrations via foliar (0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, and 0.90 g of Fe L-1), previous fertilization on the substrate (0.372 g Fe m-3), and aqueous solution on the substrate (0.30 g Fe L-1), totaling seven treatments. Fertilization with Fe via foliar at 0.45 g Fe L-1 in the production of coffee seedlings showed significant influence on seedling height, stem diameter, and leaf area, in addition to having one of the highest values of Dickson quality index. Thus, coffee seedlings with the application of 0.45 g Fe L-1 via foliar had the best results, with 11.2 cm height, 4.1 mm diameter, 17.3 cm2 leaf area, and 0.32 Dickson quality index. It promoted seedlings with more significant gains in the foliar area (24.2%) and stem diameter (27.4%), allowing a shorter time in nursery. The treatment aqueous solution 0.30 g Fe L-1 on the substrate is a second option for the Fe application in coffee âObatã IAC 1669-20â seedlings. The treatment with the previous fertilization of the substrate with 0.372 g Fe m-3 is the less recommended.
铁(Fe)被证明在某些特定功能中非常重要，没有它，植物可能会经历营养失衡，从而影响其发育。本研究旨在通过叶面施肥、基质预先施肥和基质水溶液施肥对咖啡(Coffea arabica L.) (ObatãIAC 1669- 20)幼苗施加铁剂量的效果进行评价，并确定最佳管理方法。试验采用完全随机设计，共7个处理，5个重复。5个处理分别为叶面铁浓度(0.30、0.45、0.60、0.75和0.90 g Fe -1)、基质前期施肥(0.372 g Fe -3)和基质水溶液施肥(0.30 g Fe -1)，共7个处理。在咖啡幼苗生产中，0.45 g Fe L-1叶面施铁对幼苗高、茎粗、叶面积均有显著影响，且Dickson品质指数最高。结果表明，叶面喷施0.45 g Fe L-1的咖啡苗效果最好，苗高11.2 cm，叶径4.1 mm，叶面积17.3 cm2, Dickson品质指数0.32。它促进了幼苗的叶面积(24.2%)和茎粗(27.4%)的显著增长，使苗圃时间更短。基质上的处理水溶液0.30 g Fe L-1是在咖啡 ObatãIAC 1669- 20幼苗中应用Fe的第二选择。不建议采用原基质施肥0.372 g Fe -3的处理。
{"title":"Comparison of iron application ways in coffee seedlings","authors":"Wengler Mateus Garcia, Edilson Costa, Tiago Zoz, Thaise Dantas, Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti, Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo, Murilo Battistuzzi Martins, Gustavo Haralampidou da Costa Vieira","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500616","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) is shown to be of great importance in some specific functions, and without it, the plant can experience a nutritional imbalance, thus affecting its development. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of Fe doses in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) âObatã IAC 1669-20â seedlings via foliar, previous fertilization of the substrate, and aqueous solution on the substrate and identify the best management. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and five replicates. The treatments were five Fe concentrations via foliar (0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, and 0.90 g of Fe L-1), previous fertilization on the substrate (0.372 g Fe m-3), and aqueous solution on the substrate (0.30 g Fe L-1), totaling seven treatments. Fertilization with Fe via foliar at 0.45 g Fe L-1 in the production of coffee seedlings showed significant influence on seedling height, stem diameter, and leaf area, in addition to having one of the highest values of Dickson quality index. Thus, coffee seedlings with the application of 0.45 g Fe L-1 via foliar had the best results, with 11.2 cm height, 4.1 mm diameter, 17.3 cm2 leaf area, and 0.32 Dickson quality index. It promoted seedlings with more significant gains in the foliar area (24.2%) and stem diameter (27.4%), allowing a shorter time in nursery. The treatment aqueous solution 0.30 g Fe L-1 on the substrate is a second option for the Fe application in coffee âObatã IAC 1669-20â seedlings. The treatment with the previous fertilization of the substrate with 0.372 g Fe m-3 is the less recommended.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500635
Maria M.S. Pereira, Leandro S. Santos, Fabiano F. da Silva, João W.D. Silva, Adriane B. Peruna, Mateus de M. Lisboa, Laize V. Santos, Dorgival M. de Lima-Júnior, Robério R. Silva
The use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as an alternative to the techniques commonly employed in the study of forage composition needs to be explored. The objective was to construct calibration curves to predict the physical-chemical composition of tropical grasses (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf âMaranduâ, âPiatãâ; B. decumbens Stapf, Panicum maximum Jacq. âColoniãoâ), by NIRS and compare two multivariate regression method. Forage samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ash, ether extract (EE), lignin, and moisture. The values obtained by the Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) were reference values for the creation of multivariate calibration models. The samples were scanned on the NIRS. The multivariate calibration models were created by the partial least squares (PLS) method and by the multiple linear regression (MLR) method. The predictive capacity of the models was evaluated by the correlation coefficient (R) and parameters of the mean squared deviation (RMSE). When the MLR was used, only the prediction model of ash (R = 0.82) of the P. maximum, EE (R = 0.87) and moisture (R = 0.90) of âPiatãâ showed approximate predictive capacity, for the other components R indicated good prediction. After the validation of the models developed by the PLS regression method, the CP (0.78-0.91), NDF (0.88-0.95), lignin (0.85-0.91), and moisture (0.79-0.96) predictions presented good results. The NIRS technique can be used to determine the physical-chemical composition of tropical grasses. The MLR multivariate regression method as well as PLS can be used to predict the physical-chemical composition of tropical grasses.
{"title":"Prediction of the physical-chemical composition of tropical grasses through NIR spectroscopy","authors":"Maria M.S. Pereira, Leandro S. Santos, Fabiano F. da Silva, João W.D. Silva, Adriane B. Peruna, Mateus de M. Lisboa, Laize V. Santos, Dorgival M. de Lima-Júnior, Robério R. Silva","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500635","url":null,"abstract":"The use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as an alternative to the techniques commonly employed in the study of forage composition needs to be explored. The objective was to construct calibration curves to predict the physical-chemical composition of tropical grasses (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf âMaranduâ, âPiatãâ; B. decumbens Stapf, Panicum maximum Jacq. âColoniãoâ), by NIRS and compare two multivariate regression method. Forage samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ash, ether extract (EE), lignin, and moisture. The values obtained by the Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) were reference values for the creation of multivariate calibration models. The samples were scanned on the NIRS. The multivariate calibration models were created by the partial least squares (PLS) method and by the multiple linear regression (MLR) method. The predictive capacity of the models was evaluated by the correlation coefficient (R) and parameters of the mean squared deviation (RMSE). When the MLR was used, only the prediction model of ash (R = 0.82) of the P. maximum, EE (R = 0.87) and moisture (R = 0.90) of âPiatãâ showed approximate predictive capacity, for the other components R indicated good prediction. After the validation of the models developed by the PLS regression method, the CP (0.78-0.91), NDF (0.88-0.95), lignin (0.85-0.91), and moisture (0.79-0.96) predictions presented good results. The NIRS technique can be used to determine the physical-chemical composition of tropical grasses. The MLR multivariate regression method as well as PLS can be used to predict the physical-chemical composition of tropical grasses.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500553
Geomar Vallejos-Torres, Nery Gaona-Jimenez, Andi Lozano, Christopher I. Paredes, Carlos M. Lozano, Alberto Alva-Arévalo, Jorge Saavedra-Ramírez, Luis A. Arévalo, Keneth Reategui, Wilfredo Mendoza, Juan R. Baselly-Villanueva, César Marín
The Peruvian Amazon has been significantly affected by land use and climate change, decreasing decomposition processes, which cause a significant depletion of soil C stocks. In this study, we estimated soil organic C (SOC) mediated by different plant covers in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations and secondary forests in several districts of the San MartÃn Region, Peru. We calculated the critical threshold, saturation point, and the organic C deficit of these Amazonian soils. The association between geography, soil physical-chemical characteristics, and SOC was estimated through principal component analysis. Across all sites of the study, SOC stock had an average value of 69.19 t ha-1, with 48.95 t ha-1 constituting inorganic C. The highest SOC stock (225.28 t ha-1) was observed under secondary forest in the Jepelacio district. The SOC stocks were positively correlated with altitude and CaCO3 content only in secondary forests. The current measured amount of organic C within 15 cm soil depth was 28.5 g C kg-1, which is very low and close to the critical threshold (20.6 g C kg-1) -estimated based on its clay and silt contents. Our SOC stocks measurements indicated a worrisome situation, as they are close to the critical threshold, which exposes this area to a greater and stronger degradation.
秘鲁亚马逊受到土地利用和气候变化的严重影响，分解过程减少，导致土壤C储量严重枯竭。在这项研究中，我们估算了不同植物覆盖对秘鲁圣MartÃ-n地区咖啡(Coffea arabica L.)人工林和次生林土壤有机碳(SOC)的调节作用。我们计算了这些亚马逊土壤的临界阈值、饱和点和有机碳亏缺。通过主成分分析估算了地理、土壤理化特征与有机碳之间的关系。各样地土壤有机碳储量均值为69.19 t ha-1，其中无机碳储量为48.95 t ha-1，次生林次生林土壤有机碳储量最高，为225.28 t ha-1。次生林SOC储量与海拔高度和CaCO3含量呈正相关。目前测得的15 cm土壤深度有机碳含量为28.5 g C kg-1，这是非常低的，接近临界阈值(20.6 g C kg-1)，这是根据其粘土和粉砂含量估计的。我们的SOC储量测量表明了一个令人担忧的情况，因为它们接近临界阈值，这使得该地区面临更大更强的退化。
{"title":"Soil organic carbon balance across contrasting plant cover ecosystems in the Peruvian Amazon","authors":"Geomar Vallejos-Torres, Nery Gaona-Jimenez, Andi Lozano, Christopher I. Paredes, Carlos M. Lozano, Alberto Alva-Arévalo, Jorge Saavedra-Ramírez, Luis A. Arévalo, Keneth Reategui, Wilfredo Mendoza, Juan R. Baselly-Villanueva, César Marín","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500553","url":null,"abstract":"The Peruvian Amazon has been significantly affected by land use and climate change, decreasing decomposition processes, which cause a significant depletion of soil C stocks. In this study, we estimated soil organic C (SOC) mediated by different plant covers in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantations and secondary forests in several districts of the San MartÃn Region, Peru. We calculated the critical threshold, saturation point, and the organic C deficit of these Amazonian soils. The association between geography, soil physical-chemical characteristics, and SOC was estimated through principal component analysis. Across all sites of the study, SOC stock had an average value of 69.19 t ha-1, with 48.95 t ha-1 constituting inorganic C. The highest SOC stock (225.28 t ha-1) was observed under secondary forest in the Jepelacio district. The SOC stocks were positively correlated with altitude and CaCO3 content only in secondary forests. The current measured amount of organic C within 15 cm soil depth was 28.5 g C kg-1, which is very low and close to the critical threshold (20.6 g C kg-1) -estimated based on its clay and silt contents. Our SOC stocks measurements indicated a worrisome situation, as they are close to the critical threshold, which exposes this area to a greater and stronger degradation.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500565
María A. Jiménez-Aguirre, Beatriz E. Padilla-Hurtado, Carolina Gonzalez-Cardona, Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre, Laura D. Cardona-Agudelo, Claudia N. Montoya-Estrada
The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) causes losses of up to 68% of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production, management practices are limited and toxic chemicals are mostly used. An integrated management alternative was evaluated based on the antagonist effect of native bacteria of the genus Bacillus on the nematode using four tomato germplasms, two commercial (susceptible and tolerant) and two wild (IAC 1687 and COLY 007). In the in vitro phase, strains B. infantis (GIBI 177), B. altitudinis (GIBI 187), B. pumilus (GIBI 195), B. amyloliquefaciens (GIBI 200) and B. pumilus (GIBI 206) were evaluated and the percentage of inhibition of nematode egg hatching at 9 d after inoculation and the percentage of mortality in juveniles at 72 h after incubation were determined. The results showed that all native strains presented a control effect under controlled conditions, but B. infantis being the bacterium with the highest selection index (0.65). In the field phase, a split-plot design was established, the main plot being the four-tomato genotype and the secondary plot the bacillus strain, and the percentage of severity, number of eggs and juveniles were evaluated. The tomato genotype with the best response to Meloidogyne spp. attack was IAC 1687, when obtaining values of 2088.8 ± 599.1 individuals 100 g-1 root. The bacterium that presented the best interaction with 3 of the 4 genotypes evaluated was B. pumilus (GIBI 206), in IAC 1687 with 1731.33 ± 1382. 57 individuals 100 g-1 root, in the resistant genotype with 16627 ± 4588.1 individuals 100 g-1 root and in the susceptible genotype with 3303.83 ± 1256.25 individuals 100 g-1 root. This study reports the use of tomato genetic resources and antagonist bacteria as a potential integrated management of the root-knot nematode.
{"title":"Antagonist effect of native bacteria of the genus Bacillus on the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) in tomato germplasm","authors":"María A. Jiménez-Aguirre, Beatriz E. Padilla-Hurtado, Carolina Gonzalez-Cardona, Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre, Laura D. Cardona-Agudelo, Claudia N. Montoya-Estrada","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500565","url":null,"abstract":"The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) causes losses of up to 68% of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production, management practices are limited and toxic chemicals are mostly used. An integrated management alternative was evaluated based on the antagonist effect of native bacteria of the genus Bacillus on the nematode using four tomato germplasms, two commercial (susceptible and tolerant) and two wild (IAC 1687 and COLY 007). In the in vitro phase, strains B. infantis (GIBI 177), B. altitudinis (GIBI 187), B. pumilus (GIBI 195), B. amyloliquefaciens (GIBI 200) and B. pumilus (GIBI 206) were evaluated and the percentage of inhibition of nematode egg hatching at 9 d after inoculation and the percentage of mortality in juveniles at 72 h after incubation were determined. The results showed that all native strains presented a control effect under controlled conditions, but B. infantis being the bacterium with the highest selection index (0.65). In the field phase, a split-plot design was established, the main plot being the four-tomato genotype and the secondary plot the bacillus strain, and the percentage of severity, number of eggs and juveniles were evaluated. The tomato genotype with the best response to Meloidogyne spp. attack was IAC 1687, when obtaining values of 2088.8 ± 599.1 individuals 100 g-1 root. The bacterium that presented the best interaction with 3 of the 4 genotypes evaluated was B. pumilus (GIBI 206), in IAC 1687 with 1731.33 ± 1382. 57 individuals 100 g-1 root, in the resistant genotype with 16627 ± 4588.1 individuals 100 g-1 root and in the susceptible genotype with 3303.83 ± 1256.25 individuals 100 g-1 root. This study reports the use of tomato genetic resources and antagonist bacteria as a potential integrated management of the root-knot nematode.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500539
Maria Evelaine de L.Nascimento, Ricardo L. Edvan, Edson Mauro Santos, Juliana S. de Oliveira, Rafael de S.Miranda, Romilda R. do Nascimento, Lucas de S.Barros, Celso José B. de Oliveira, Francisco Naysson de S.Santos, Danillo M. Pereira, Mateus Lacerda P. Lemos, Liliane P. Santana, Guilherme M. Leite, Daiane G. dos Santos
The combined use of a microbial additive and a chemical additive in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) silages would reduce fermentation losses, favoring aerobic stability by modulating a favorable microbiome to control those losses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of Lactobacillus buchneri and sodium benzoate on the fermentative profile, bacterial taxonomic diversity and aerobic stability of sorghum silages at different fermentation times. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted in a 4 Ã 4 factorial scheme, in order to evaluate four additives in sorghum silage (Control treatment, L. buchneri, sodium benzoate and L. buchneri combined with sodium benzoate) and four opening times (30, 60, 90 and 120 d fermentation), in five replicates. Silages inoculated with sodium benzoate showed higher pH values (3.70) at 90 d of fermentation, not differing (P > 0.05) from control (CTR) silage and the other silages. The largest lactic acid bacteria populations were observed at 120 d of fermentation in the silages inoculated with L. buchneri (9.06) followed by the silages inoculated with sodium benzoate and with the combination L. buchneri + sodium benzoate (8.37 and 8.85 log CFU, respectively) at 90 d of fermentation. For gas losses, in which silage treated with sodium benzoate showed lower values, with an average of 0.72% DM. The silages presenting a high DMR standard, ranging from 94.6% to 98.0%, with the exception of the CTR silages. Silages treated with L. buchneri showed higher values (98%) for the occurrence of the genus Lactobacillus in both fermentation times. The combined action of L. buchneri and sodium benzoate kept the Lactobacillus population stable at 30 and 120 d of fermentation. The combination of L. buchneri and sodium benzoate improved the fermentative profile and chemical composition of sorghum silages, reducing losses and increasing aerobic stability after 120 d of fermentation.
{"title":"Effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and sodium benzoate on the fermentative profile, bacterial taxonomic diversity, and aerobic stability of sorghum silages at different fermentation times","authors":"Maria Evelaine de L.Nascimento, Ricardo L. Edvan, Edson Mauro Santos, Juliana S. de Oliveira, Rafael de S.Miranda, Romilda R. do Nascimento, Lucas de S.Barros, Celso José B. de Oliveira, Francisco Naysson de S.Santos, Danillo M. Pereira, Mateus Lacerda P. Lemos, Liliane P. Santana, Guilherme M. Leite, Daiane G. dos Santos","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500539","url":null,"abstract":"The combined use of a microbial additive and a chemical additive in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) silages would reduce fermentation losses, favoring aerobic stability by modulating a favorable microbiome to control those losses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of Lactobacillus buchneri and sodium benzoate on the fermentative profile, bacterial taxonomic diversity and aerobic stability of sorghum silages at different fermentation times. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted in a 4 Ã 4 factorial scheme, in order to evaluate four additives in sorghum silage (Control treatment, L. buchneri, sodium benzoate and L. buchneri combined with sodium benzoate) and four opening times (30, 60, 90 and 120 d fermentation), in five replicates. Silages inoculated with sodium benzoate showed higher pH values (3.70) at 90 d of fermentation, not differing (P > 0.05) from control (CTR) silage and the other silages. The largest lactic acid bacteria populations were observed at 120 d of fermentation in the silages inoculated with L. buchneri (9.06) followed by the silages inoculated with sodium benzoate and with the combination L. buchneri + sodium benzoate (8.37 and 8.85 log CFU, respectively) at 90 d of fermentation. For gas losses, in which silage treated with sodium benzoate showed lower values, with an average of 0.72% DM. The silages presenting a high DMR standard, ranging from 94.6% to 98.0%, with the exception of the CTR silages. Silages treated with L. buchneri showed higher values (98%) for the occurrence of the genus Lactobacillus in both fermentation times. The combined action of L. buchneri and sodium benzoate kept the Lactobacillus population stable at 30 and 120 d of fermentation. The combination of L. buchneri and sodium benzoate improved the fermentative profile and chemical composition of sorghum silages, reducing losses and increasing aerobic stability after 120 d of fermentation.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500525
Yihe Jia, Yonghua Zheng, Tao He, Hongyu Tang
{"title":"Effects of integrated rice-frog farming on soil bacterial community composition","authors":"Yihe Jia, Yonghua Zheng, Tao He, Hongyu Tang","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500589
Claudia Castillo, Jaime Solano, Paula Aguilera, Sacha Debouzy, Rocío Catalán, Antonieta Ruiz, Pedro M. de Souza, Ewald Sieverding, Fernando Borie
Cover crops in sustainable agrosystems are becoming more and more applied. However, legacy effects on the growth of companion plants or following crops in rotation systems are still poorly understood, especially when Andean and ancestral crops are involved. In this work, two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in P efficiency (Kirón higher than Chevignon) were cropped together with two non-mycorrhizal plants, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), to study the interactions and the effects produced in the wheat rhizosphere, plant growth and mycorrhizal parameters at harvest. The plants were grown in a three-compartment plexiglass rhizobox containing an Andisol. The central compartment separated by a nylon mesh was used for the cover crops, and wheat was sown on each side. A habitual pre-crop rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), also non-mycorrhizal, was used as control. At harvest, soil (pH, available P, acid phosphatase, microbial-P), plant (phytomass, organic acid exudation, P uptake efficiency, Zn and Mn in shoots), and mycorrhizal properties (root colonization, glomalin, spore number, and hyphal density) were measured in both wheat rhizospheres. Results show that wheat cultivars differed in soil and plant characteristics affected by non-host plants being the most efficient one, better. Surprisingly, mycorrhizal propagules were not depressed, and even fungal spores with amaranth (10543 spores 100 g-1) increased 2.6-fold than control (3910 spores 100 g-1) in the P-efficient cultivar. Data obtained suggest being cautious in selecting the best wheat cultivar when using these ancestral crops, especially for wheat nativesâ smallholders working in this type of soil.
{"title":"Do root interactions between wheat and non-mycorrhizal ancestral plants influence fungal activity and soil quality in an Andisol?","authors":"Claudia Castillo, Jaime Solano, Paula Aguilera, Sacha Debouzy, Rocío Catalán, Antonieta Ruiz, Pedro M. de Souza, Ewald Sieverding, Fernando Borie","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500589","url":null,"abstract":"Cover crops in sustainable agrosystems are becoming more and more applied. However, legacy effects on the growth of companion plants or following crops in rotation systems are still poorly understood, especially when Andean and ancestral crops are involved. In this work, two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in P efficiency (Kirón higher than Chevignon) were cropped together with two non-mycorrhizal plants, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), to study the interactions and the effects produced in the wheat rhizosphere, plant growth and mycorrhizal parameters at harvest. The plants were grown in a three-compartment plexiglass rhizobox containing an Andisol. The central compartment separated by a nylon mesh was used for the cover crops, and wheat was sown on each side. A habitual pre-crop rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), also non-mycorrhizal, was used as control. At harvest, soil (pH, available P, acid phosphatase, microbial-P), plant (phytomass, organic acid exudation, P uptake efficiency, Zn and Mn in shoots), and mycorrhizal properties (root colonization, glomalin, spore number, and hyphal density) were measured in both wheat rhizospheres. Results show that wheat cultivars differed in soil and plant characteristics affected by non-host plants being the most efficient one, better. Surprisingly, mycorrhizal propagules were not depressed, and even fungal spores with amaranth (10543 spores 100 g-1) increased 2.6-fold than control (3910 spores 100 g-1) in the P-efficient cultivar. Data obtained suggest being cautious in selecting the best wheat cultivar when using these ancestral crops, especially for wheat nativesâ smallholders working in this type of soil.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135323271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve fruit quality, application of plant growth regulators as gibberellic acid (GA3) has emerged as a significant cultivation and management method. In the study, different concentrations of GA3 solutions (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) were sprayed on Sichuan-pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.; Rutaceae) âDahongpaoâ trees at fruit setting and enlargement stages. Spraying 75 mg L-1 GA3 was most effective at both stages: vertical diameter, transverse diameter, hundred-grain weight, and number of oil sacs on the peel increased by 12%, 5%, 12%, and 42%, respectively, at fruit setting stage; and the aforementioned indexes increased by 14%, 11%, 12%, and 35%, respectively at fruit enlargement stage. Spraying 100 mg L-1 GA3 at fruit setting stage, the content of total volatile oil, pungent compounds, non-volatile ether extracts, and total flavonoids significantly increased by 28%, 6%, 10%, and 3%, respectively; spraying 75 mg L-1 GA3 at fruit enlargement stage, the indexes increased by 33%, 27%, 13%, and 11%, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation results based on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) indicated that GA3 treatment in a concentration of 75 mg L-1 could improve the quality of âDahongpaoâ fruits, thereby providing novel insights for the cultivation and management of such plant. Although spraying GA3 may change fruit quality of Z. bungeanum, influencing mechanism of GA3 treatments on the external and internal quality of Z. bungeanum fruits remains unclear.
为了提高果实品质，应用植物生长调节剂赤霉素(GA3)已成为一种重要的栽培管理方法。采用不同浓度的GA3溶液(25、50、75、100 mg L-1)喷施在花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.;落果期和膨大期的芦花科()大树;在坐果期，喷施75 mg L-1 GA3最有效，纵径、横径、百粒重和果皮油囊数分别增加12%、5%、12%和42%;果实膨大期上述指标分别提高14%、11%、12%和35%。坐果期喷施100 mg L-1 GA3，总挥发油、刺激性物质、非挥发性醚提取物和总黄酮含量分别显著提高28%、6%、10%和3%;果实膨大期喷施75 mg L-1 GA3，各指标分别提高33%、27%、13%和11%。基于TOPSIS (Order Preference by Similarity to a Ideal Solution)的综合评价结果表明，浓度为75 mg L-1的GA3处理可以提高大红泡果实的品质，为该植物的栽培和管理提供了新的见解。虽然喷施GA3可以改变黄姜果实品质，但GA3处理对黄姜果实外在品质和内在品质的影响机制尚不清楚。
{"title":"Improving the fruit quality of Sichuan-pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) ‘Dahongpao’ by optimized GA 3 treatments","authors":"Manyi Fu, Yang Wang, Mingwan Li, Yong Lai, Qiang Hu, Zhen Wang, Wenjing Liu, Hui Wang, Dangquan Zhang","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500602","url":null,"abstract":"To improve fruit quality, application of plant growth regulators as gibberellic acid (GA3) has emerged as a significant cultivation and management method. In the study, different concentrations of GA3 solutions (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) were sprayed on Sichuan-pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.; Rutaceae) âDahongpaoâ trees at fruit setting and enlargement stages. Spraying 75 mg L-1 GA3 was most effective at both stages: vertical diameter, transverse diameter, hundred-grain weight, and number of oil sacs on the peel increased by 12%, 5%, 12%, and 42%, respectively, at fruit setting stage; and the aforementioned indexes increased by 14%, 11%, 12%, and 35%, respectively at fruit enlargement stage. Spraying 100 mg L-1 GA3 at fruit setting stage, the content of total volatile oil, pungent compounds, non-volatile ether extracts, and total flavonoids significantly increased by 28%, 6%, 10%, and 3%, respectively; spraying 75 mg L-1 GA3 at fruit enlargement stage, the indexes increased by 33%, 27%, 13%, and 11%, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation results based on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) indicated that GA3 treatment in a concentration of 75 mg L-1 could improve the quality of âDahongpaoâ fruits, thereby providing novel insights for the cultivation and management of such plant. Although spraying GA3 may change fruit quality of Z. bungeanum, influencing mechanism of GA3 treatments on the external and internal quality of Z. bungeanum fruits remains unclear.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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