Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000500577
Juan Izquierdo, Andrés R. Schwember, Osvin Arriagada, Gustavo García-Pintos
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop in Uruguay with increasing production destined to exports that has been negatively affected by drought in the last years. Assessing the consistency of a biostimulant efficacy in field conditions involves multiyear replication across locations. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single treatment with a humic biostimulant (HB) field foliar-applied at R3-R4 at dose of 4 L ha-1 on soybean crops grown during 8 yr (2014 to 2021) at 156 farm sites with different soil and water conditions on the main country cropping areas. The CONEAT index that measures soil quality and production capacity, and effective rainfall (eR) were assessed for each soybean farm site. The average grain yield varied from 8.83 (2018) to 19.93 g (2017) per untreated plants, and from 10.20 (2018) and 24.01 g (2017) per biostimulant-treated plants. The means for grain yield (g plant-1) by site were poorly related to the CONEAT and the eR indices. Similarly, the yield response to HB treatment ((%) was not related to the environmental indices which indicates a relatively constant and positive effect of the biostimulant independent of the environment, considering soil productivity and rainfall. Yield component analysis at the farm trials attributed the yield boosts by the humic largely to increased pod retention without affecting the grain weight. Overall, data analyses from all the farm trials across the years showed that the treatment significantly increased soybean yield by an average of 16.3% relative to the untreated plants. These results confirm that HB can be incorporated into the normal management plan for soybean production in Uruguay.
大豆(甘氨酸max (l))小麦是乌拉圭的一种重要作物，其产量不断增加，注定要出口，但过去几年受到干旱的不利影响。评估一种生物刺激素在野外条件下有效性的一致性需要在不同地点进行多年的重复试验。本研究的主要目的是评估在8年(2014年至2021年)期间(2014年至2021年)，在156个具有不同土壤和水分条件的农田中，施用一种腐殖质生物刺激素(HB)，剂量为4 L ha-1，剂量为r2 - r4，对大豆作物的影响。测定土壤质量和生产能力的CONEAT指数和有效降雨量(eR)对每个大豆农田进行了评价。未处理植株的平均籽粒产量从8.83 g(2018)到19.93 g(2017)不等，生物刺激素处理植株的平均籽粒产量从10.20 g(2018)到24.01 g(2017)不等。籽粒产量(g株-1)与CONEAT指数和eR指数相关性较差。同样，对HB处理的产量响应(%)与环境指标无关，这表明考虑到土壤生产力和降雨量，生物刺激剂的作用相对恒定和积极，不依赖于环境。农场试验的产量成分分析认为，腐植酸提高产量的主要原因是在不影响籽粒重量的情况下增加了豆荚保留率。总体而言，多年来所有农场试验的数据分析表明，与未处理的植物相比，处理显著提高了大豆产量，平均提高了16.3%。这些结果证实，HB可以纳入乌拉圭大豆生产的正常管理计划。
{"title":"On-farm soybean response to a field foliar applied humic biostimulant at differing cropping environments of Uruguay","authors":"Juan Izquierdo, Andrés R. Schwember, Osvin Arriagada, Gustavo García-Pintos","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000500577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000500577","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop in Uruguay with increasing production destined to exports that has been negatively affected by drought in the last years. Assessing the consistency of a biostimulant efficacy in field conditions involves multiyear replication across locations. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single treatment with a humic biostimulant (HB) field foliar-applied at R3-R4 at dose of 4 L ha-1 on soybean crops grown during 8 yr (2014 to 2021) at 156 farm sites with different soil and water conditions on the main country cropping areas. The CONEAT index that measures soil quality and production capacity, and effective rainfall (eR) were assessed for each soybean farm site. The average grain yield varied from 8.83 (2018) to 19.93 g (2017) per untreated plants, and from 10.20 (2018) and 24.01 g (2017) per biostimulant-treated plants. The means for grain yield (g plant-1) by site were poorly related to the CONEAT and the eR indices. Similarly, the yield response to HB treatment ((%) was not related to the environmental indices which indicates a relatively constant and positive effect of the biostimulant independent of the environment, considering soil productivity and rainfall. Yield component analysis at the farm trials attributed the yield boosts by the humic largely to increased pod retention without affecting the grain weight. Overall, data analyses from all the farm trials across the years showed that the treatment significantly increased soybean yield by an average of 16.3% relative to the untreated plants. These results confirm that HB can be incorporated into the normal management plan for soybean production in Uruguay.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000300334
Georgy Faroutine, Ramón Arteaga-Ramírez, Joel Pineda-Pineda, Mario Alberto Vázquez-Peña
Water deficits can be mitigated by silicon in plants. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted at the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo to determine whether Si affects the growth, nutrient absorption, and fruit production of a âBraga F1â hybrid cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under water deficit. A completely randomized design was used with two factors, substrate moisture (55%-65%, 75%-85%, and 90%-100% of container capacity) and Si dose (0, 50, 100 mg L-1 SiO2) applied to the substrate, resulting in nine treatments with four replicates. After transplanting, moisture content was determined on days 30 to 60 (trial I) and 60 to 90 (trial II). Accumulated fruit production (AFP), total soluble solids (TSS), aerial (ADB) and radical dry biomass (RDB), leaf area (LA), and concentrations of N, P, K, and Mg in fruits, leaves, and stems were determined. ANOVA and Tukey tests (P ⤠0.05) were performed. For AFP and TSS, ADB and LA (trial II), the interaction between Si concentration and moisture in the substrate was nonsignificant in either trial. Individual Si effects increased fruit production without affecting TSS content. ADB, RDB, and LA production increased under water stress as a result of the interaction between Si concentration and moisture content. Application of 50 mg L-1 SiO2 resulted in 36.5% more ADB, 17.3% more LA, and 46.5% more RDB than 100 mg L-1 SiO2 and 38.8%, 29.6% and 48.9% more than Si alone. The concentration of N, P, K, and Mg in fruits, P and K in leaves, and N and K in cucumber stems also improved.
{"title":"Effect of calcium silicate and moisture content of the substrate on the growth and productivity parameters of cucumber","authors":"Georgy Faroutine, Ramón Arteaga-Ramírez, Joel Pineda-Pineda, Mario Alberto Vázquez-Peña","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000300334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000300334","url":null,"abstract":"Water deficits can be mitigated by silicon in plants. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted at the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo to determine whether Si affects the growth, nutrient absorption, and fruit production of a âBraga F1â hybrid cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under water deficit. A completely randomized design was used with two factors, substrate moisture (55%-65%, 75%-85%, and 90%-100% of container capacity) and Si dose (0, 50, 100 mg L-1 SiO2) applied to the substrate, resulting in nine treatments with four replicates. After transplanting, moisture content was determined on days 30 to 60 (trial I) and 60 to 90 (trial II). Accumulated fruit production (AFP), total soluble solids (TSS), aerial (ADB) and radical dry biomass (RDB), leaf area (LA), and concentrations of N, P, K, and Mg in fruits, leaves, and stems were determined. ANOVA and Tukey tests (P ⤠0.05) were performed. For AFP and TSS, ADB and LA (trial II), the interaction between Si concentration and moisture in the substrate was nonsignificant in either trial. Individual Si effects increased fruit production without affecting TSS content. ADB, RDB, and LA production increased under water stress as a result of the interaction between Si concentration and moisture content. Application of 50 mg L-1 SiO2 resulted in 36.5% more ADB, 17.3% more LA, and 46.5% more RDB than 100 mg L-1 SiO2 and 38.8%, 29.6% and 48.9% more than Si alone. The concentration of N, P, K, and Mg in fruits, P and K in leaves, and N and K in cucumber stems also improved.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136169663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000300369
Elisa Ramos Melo, Eliane Gomes Fabri, Hélida Mara Magalhães, Pedro Henrique Gorni, Ana Cláudia Pacheco
Essential oils in plants are produced in very low concentrations and elicitation stands out among the techniques used to increase their productivity. This work evaluated the potential elicitor of salicylic acid (SA) or seaweed extract (SE) on the biomass yield, physiological parameters and essential oil production in Varronia curassavica Jacq. plants. The elicitors were applied through foliar spray in four serial applications (21, 34, 53 and 70 d after transplanting the seedlings to the pots - DAT), in concentrations of 1 mM (SA) and 5 mL L-1 (SE). The control plants were sprayed with water. Biometric measurements of plant height and number of branches were performed after 2, 3 and 4 elicitor applications. Plants were harvested at 91 DAT and biometric, biochemical and phytochemical parameters were evaluated. Application of SA resulted in increases in number of leaves (11.68%) and foliar concentrations of chlorophylls (57.67%), anthocyanins (73.80%), carotenoids (42.58%), total soluble sugars (19.48%) and essential oil (18%). The plants treated with SE had no changes in leaf biomass or essential oil production. The SA treatment increased by twice the amount of α-humulene and (E)-caryophyllene present in the essential oil while for SE treatment there was an average increase of 78.6%. It was concluded that the elicitation of V. curassavica plants by SA foliar pulverization is an efficient strategy for promoting the higher productivity of leaves and essential oil. Foliar pulverization of SA or SE modifies essential oil quality, inducing increases in the compounds of greatest interest for the pharmaceutical industry.
植物中的精油以非常低的浓度生产，萃取技术在用于提高其生产力的技术中脱颖而出。研究了水杨酸(SA)和海藻提取物(SE)对黄颡鱼(Varronia curassavica Jacq)生物量、生理参数和精油产量的影响。植物。在幼苗移栽后21、34、53和70 d，以1 mM (SA)和5 mL L-1 (SE)的浓度，通过叶面喷雾4次连续施用诱导子。对对照植物喷洒了水。在2、3和4次激发剂应用后，进行植物高度和分枝数的生物计量测量。在91个DAT收获植株，并评估生物特征、生化和植物化学参数。施用SA后，叶数增加11.68%，叶绿素、花青素、类胡萝卜素、总可溶性糖和挥发油含量分别增加57.67%、73.80%、42.58%、19.48%和18%。经SE处理的植株叶片生物量和挥发油产量均无明显变化。SA处理使挥发油中α-葎草烯和(E)-石竹烯的含量增加了两倍，而SE处理平均增加了78.6%。综上所述，SA叶粉末化是提高叶片和挥发油产量的有效策略。SA或SE的叶面粉碎改变了精油的质量，诱导了制药工业最感兴趣的化合物的增加。
{"title":"In vivo elicitation is efficient in increasing essential oil yield with high anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene content in Varronia curassavica Jacq.","authors":"Elisa Ramos Melo, Eliane Gomes Fabri, Hélida Mara Magalhães, Pedro Henrique Gorni, Ana Cláudia Pacheco","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000300369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000300369","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils in plants are produced in very low concentrations and elicitation stands out among the techniques used to increase their productivity. This work evaluated the potential elicitor of salicylic acid (SA) or seaweed extract (SE) on the biomass yield, physiological parameters and essential oil production in Varronia curassavica Jacq. plants. The elicitors were applied through foliar spray in four serial applications (21, 34, 53 and 70 d after transplanting the seedlings to the pots - DAT), in concentrations of 1 mM (SA) and 5 mL L-1 (SE). The control plants were sprayed with water. Biometric measurements of plant height and number of branches were performed after 2, 3 and 4 elicitor applications. Plants were harvested at 91 DAT and biometric, biochemical and phytochemical parameters were evaluated. Application of SA resulted in increases in number of leaves (11.68%) and foliar concentrations of chlorophylls (57.67%), anthocyanins (73.80%), carotenoids (42.58%), total soluble sugars (19.48%) and essential oil (18%). The plants treated with SE had no changes in leaf biomass or essential oil production. The SA treatment increased by twice the amount of α-humulene and (E)-caryophyllene present in the essential oil while for SE treatment there was an average increase of 78.6%. It was concluded that the elicitation of V. curassavica plants by SA foliar pulverization is an efficient strategy for promoting the higher productivity of leaves and essential oil. Foliar pulverization of SA or SE modifies essential oil quality, inducing increases in the compounds of greatest interest for the pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136169899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000300272
Yetzabel González, Álvaro Sepúlveda, José Antonio Yuri
Agroclimatic variables in different time windows were analyzed using Artificial Intelligence techniques to estimate the fruit growing season extension and harvest start date for âGalaâ apples (Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh.) Meteorology and phenology data were collected from five orchards in Central Chile, between 2004 and 2019. The attributes derived from air temperature during the first days of fruit growing season showed the high relationship with harvest start date: The number of hours below 18 °C from full bloom to 35 d after (R = 0.9) and growing degree hours accumulated from full bloom to 45 d (R = -0.84). Different models were developed with these attributes. Simple and multiple linear regression models were the most accurate for explain the length of the total fruit growth period until harvest. The 35 d after full bloom time window was the most effective, with an R2 = 0.82, for estimating harvest start date of âGalaâ apples. These results contribute to the apple growers demand to schedule fruit harvest and processing, especially in a climate change scenario.
{"title":"Harvest date estimation of ‘Gala’ apples based on environment temperature using artificial intelligence","authors":"Yetzabel González, Álvaro Sepúlveda, José Antonio Yuri","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000300272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000300272","url":null,"abstract":"Agroclimatic variables in different time windows were analyzed using Artificial Intelligence techniques to estimate the fruit growing season extension and harvest start date for âGalaâ apples (Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh.) Meteorology and phenology data were collected from five orchards in Central Chile, between 2004 and 2019. The attributes derived from air temperature during the first days of fruit growing season showed the high relationship with harvest start date: The number of hours below 18 °C from full bloom to 35 d after (R = 0.9) and growing degree hours accumulated from full bloom to 45 d (R = -0.84). Different models were developed with these attributes. Simple and multiple linear regression models were the most accurate for explain the length of the total fruit growth period until harvest. The 35 d after full bloom time window was the most effective, with an R2 = 0.82, for estimating harvest start date of âGalaâ apples. These results contribute to the apple growers demand to schedule fruit harvest and processing, especially in a climate change scenario.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136169908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000300281
Fatematuz Zuhura Evamoni, Rosimah Nulit, Chee Kong Yap, Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim, Noorhazira Binti Sidek
Drought is a major abiotic constraint on rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) has released more than 50 indica rice genotypes so far. However, little has been studied about their drought tolerance. The study aimed to evaluate the germination and early seedling growth performances of 15 rice genotypes under polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000-induced drought stresses. Four osmotic potentials of PEG 6000 (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 MPa) were used in the study denoted as control, low, moderate and severe stresses respectively. Data on seed germination percentage, germination index, germination energy, germination rate, seedling height, seedling vigor I and II, fresh and dry weight of seedlings were measured. Studied parameters varied greatly among genotypes with different osmotic stresses. The findings suggested most of the rice genotypes showed an apparent reduction in germination and growth traits, while MR211 showed less reduction under all of the stresses. The Multivariate clustering grouped genotypes into five different clusters, where cluster V (MR220, MR269, MR253, MR297, MR303 and MR284) incorporated six genotypes showed better germination and growth under different osmotic potentials, followed by cluster IV (MR211 and MR307). Cluster II incorporated one genotype MARDI WARNA98 which had minimal germination and growth attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the maximum contributing variables for diversity, revealed maximum variation by first two components (81.8% and 7.7%) respectively. Therefore, PEG 6000 can be used as an efficient tool for discrimination and identification of drought tolerance in rice.
{"title":"Assessment of germination performance and early seedling growth of Malaysian indica rice genotypes under drought conditions for strategic cropping during water scarcity","authors":"Fatematuz Zuhura Evamoni, Rosimah Nulit, Chee Kong Yap, Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim, Noorhazira Binti Sidek","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000300281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000300281","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a major abiotic constraint on rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Malaysia. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) has released more than 50 indica rice genotypes so far. However, little has been studied about their drought tolerance. The study aimed to evaluate the germination and early seedling growth performances of 15 rice genotypes under polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000-induced drought stresses. Four osmotic potentials of PEG 6000 (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 MPa) were used in the study denoted as control, low, moderate and severe stresses respectively. Data on seed germination percentage, germination index, germination energy, germination rate, seedling height, seedling vigor I and II, fresh and dry weight of seedlings were measured. Studied parameters varied greatly among genotypes with different osmotic stresses. The findings suggested most of the rice genotypes showed an apparent reduction in germination and growth traits, while MR211 showed less reduction under all of the stresses. The Multivariate clustering grouped genotypes into five different clusters, where cluster V (MR220, MR269, MR253, MR297, MR303 and MR284) incorporated six genotypes showed better germination and growth under different osmotic potentials, followed by cluster IV (MR211 and MR307). Cluster II incorporated one genotype MARDI WARNA98 which had minimal germination and growth attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the maximum contributing variables for diversity, revealed maximum variation by first two components (81.8% and 7.7%) respectively. Therefore, PEG 6000 can be used as an efficient tool for discrimination and identification of drought tolerance in rice.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136170167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000300320
Cristian Hernández-Adasme, Herman Silva, Javier Saavedra-Romero, Vicente Martínez, Víctor Escalona
The light spectrum plays a major role in regulating plant growth and development, influencing photosynthesis and photo-morphogenesis. The objective was to evaluate the weight and antioxidant activity of âLaviniaâ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L.) plants under LED lights with different red:blue ratios (R:B) used as a supplement to ambient light in a greenhouse at different seasons. Five LED light supplemented treatments were used, white (W, as control, ratio blue:green:red:far-red (B:G:R:Fr) = 30:45:20:5; 0.7:1.0), blue (B = 50:20:20:10; R:B = 0.4:1.0), white-r (Wr = 25:30:40:5; 1.6:1.0), white-R (WR = 15:15:63:7; 4.2:1.0) and red (R = 10:10:75:5; 7.5:1.0) were applied in early autumn, late autumn and winter. Immediately after transplant into the hydroponic system, lettuces plants with 3-4 true leaves (5-6 cm root length) were treated with light treatments for 14 d and harvested. In early autumn, late autumn, and winter, the PAR range applied in ambient light and supplemental lights was between 361 to 495, 222 to 304, and 297 to 407 µmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Lettuce showed the highest fresh leaf mass in early autumn compared to late autumn and winter due to the highest leaf number. In early autumn, only lettuce under the highest R:B (7.5:1.0) had a lower weight among the light treatments. Overall, lettuces supplemented with R:B between 1.6 (Wr) to 4.2 (WR) had significantly higher DM than the control (0.7:1.0). Total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) were highest in early autumn, followed by winter and late autumn. Light with the highest R:B (7.5:1.0) diminished TPC and AC in all growing season. This study showed that the quality of âLaviniaâ lettuce plants grown in early autumn under R:B between 1.6 and 4.2 improved DM, and higher red component decreased the antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Light supplementation and growing season affect the quality and antioxidant activity of lettuce","authors":"Cristian Hernández-Adasme, Herman Silva, Javier Saavedra-Romero, Vicente Martínez, Víctor Escalona","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000300320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000300320","url":null,"abstract":"The light spectrum plays a major role in regulating plant growth and development, influencing photosynthesis and photo-morphogenesis. The objective was to evaluate the weight and antioxidant activity of âLaviniaâ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L.) plants under LED lights with different red:blue ratios (R:B) used as a supplement to ambient light in a greenhouse at different seasons. Five LED light supplemented treatments were used, white (W, as control, ratio blue:green:red:far-red (B:G:R:Fr) = 30:45:20:5; 0.7:1.0), blue (B = 50:20:20:10; R:B = 0.4:1.0), white-r (Wr = 25:30:40:5; 1.6:1.0), white-R (WR = 15:15:63:7; 4.2:1.0) and red (R = 10:10:75:5; 7.5:1.0) were applied in early autumn, late autumn and winter. Immediately after transplant into the hydroponic system, lettuces plants with 3-4 true leaves (5-6 cm root length) were treated with light treatments for 14 d and harvested. In early autumn, late autumn, and winter, the PAR range applied in ambient light and supplemental lights was between 361 to 495, 222 to 304, and 297 to 407 µmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Lettuce showed the highest fresh leaf mass in early autumn compared to late autumn and winter due to the highest leaf number. In early autumn, only lettuce under the highest R:B (7.5:1.0) had a lower weight among the light treatments. Overall, lettuces supplemented with R:B between 1.6 (Wr) to 4.2 (WR) had significantly higher DM than the control (0.7:1.0). Total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) were highest in early autumn, followed by winter and late autumn. Light with the highest R:B (7.5:1.0) diminished TPC and AC in all growing season. This study showed that the quality of âLaviniaâ lettuce plants grown in early autumn under R:B between 1.6 and 4.2 improved DM, and higher red component decreased the antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136173194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000300307
Alefsi David Sánchez-Reinoso, Alejandra Colmenares-Jaramillo, Leonardo Lombardini, Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
The fertilizers costs are currently elevated, and it is necessary to evaluate complementary agronomic strategies. Biochar (BC) offers several potential benefits at a relatively low cost. The research aimed was to study the effect of the application of four different doses of biochar (BC) (0, 4, 8, and 16 t ha-1) and four fertilization levels (FL) (0%, 33%, 66% and 100% of the nutritional requirements). We obtained the BC from coffee (Coffea arabica L.) pulp. The selected response variables were: Stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), root hydraulic conductivity (K), leaf photosynthetic pigments (Chl), and total dry weight (TDW) of coffee âCastillo el Tamboâ. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that plants with 0 t ha-1 and 0% FL registered low values in the physiological parameters evaluated (gs = 60.5 mmol m-2 s-1; WUE = 3.03 g DM L-1 H2O; Chl = 59.4 atLEAF readings; Kr = 9.7Ã10-6 kg s-1 MPa-1; TDW = 9.7 g). On the other hand, we recorded a positive effect when âCastillo el Tamboâ coffee plants received 8 t ha-1 BC (Kr = 11.8Ã10-6 kg s-1 MPa-1), especially at fertilization levels of 66% and 100% (gs = 146.7 and 167.5 mmol m-2 s-1; Chl = 72.8 and 66.6 Chl content; WUE = 4.3 and 5.0 g DM L-1 H2O; TDW = 13.6 and 16.0 g, respectively). In conclusion, the use of BC manufactured with coffee pulp, mainly at a dose of 8 t ha-1, can be an alternative to complement the chemical nutrition of coffee plants.
目前化肥成本上升，有必要评估互补的农艺策略。生物炭(BC)以相对较低的成本提供了几个潜在的好处。本试验旨在研究4种不同剂量生物炭(BC)(0、4、8和16 t hm -1)和4种施肥水平(FL)(营养需要量的0%、33%、66%和100%)的施用效果。我们从咖啡(Coffea arabica L.)果肉中获得了BC。选取的响应变量为:咖啡 ' casttillo el tambo '的气孔导度(gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)、根系水力导度(K)、叶片光合色素(Chl)和总干重(TDW)。试验在温室条件下进行。结果表明，0 t hm -1和0% FL的植株在生理参数评价中表现为低值(gs = 60.5 mmol m-2 s-1;WUE = 3.03 g DM L-1 H2O;Chl = 59.4;Kr = 9.7×10-6 kg s-1 MPa-1;另一方面，我们记录到当 ' casttillo el tambo '咖啡植株接受8 t ha-1 BC (Kr = 11.8à - 10-6 kg s-1 MPa-1)时，特别是在施肥水平为66%和100%时(gs = 146.7和167.5 mmol m-2 s-1;Chl = 72.8和66.6 Chl含量;WUE = 4.3和5.0 g DM L-1 H2O;TDW分别为13.6 g和16.0 g)。综上所述，使用咖啡浆制造的BC，主要以8 t ha-1的剂量，可以作为补充咖啡植物化学营养的一种替代方法。
{"title":"Physiological response of ‘Castillo el Tambo’ coffee plants to biochar and chemical fertilization applications","authors":"Alefsi David Sánchez-Reinoso, Alejandra Colmenares-Jaramillo, Leonardo Lombardini, Hermann Restrepo-Díaz","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000300307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000300307","url":null,"abstract":"The fertilizers costs are currently elevated, and it is necessary to evaluate complementary agronomic strategies. Biochar (BC) offers several potential benefits at a relatively low cost. The research aimed was to study the effect of the application of four different doses of biochar (BC) (0, 4, 8, and 16 t ha-1) and four fertilization levels (FL) (0%, 33%, 66% and 100% of the nutritional requirements). We obtained the BC from coffee (Coffea arabica L.) pulp. The selected response variables were: Stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), root hydraulic conductivity (K), leaf photosynthetic pigments (Chl), and total dry weight (TDW) of coffee âCastillo el Tamboâ. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that plants with 0 t ha-1 and 0% FL registered low values in the physiological parameters evaluated (gs = 60.5 mmol m-2 s-1; WUE = 3.03 g DM L-1 H2O; Chl = 59.4 atLEAF readings; Kr = 9.7Ã10-6 kg s-1 MPa-1; TDW = 9.7 g). On the other hand, we recorded a positive effect when âCastillo el Tamboâ coffee plants received 8 t ha-1 BC (Kr = 11.8Ã10-6 kg s-1 MPa-1), especially at fertilization levels of 66% and 100% (gs = 146.7 and 167.5 mmol m-2 s-1; Chl = 72.8 and 66.6 Chl content; WUE = 4.3 and 5.0 g DM L-1 H2O; TDW = 13.6 and 16.0 g, respectively). In conclusion, the use of BC manufactured with coffee pulp, mainly at a dose of 8 t ha-1, can be an alternative to complement the chemical nutrition of coffee plants.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136169681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-58392023000300260
Asmaa Allaoui, Eric N. Jellen, El hadji Thiam, Ouafae Benlhabib
There is growing interest in expanding quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation; however, the main limitation is its sensitivity to temperatures above 32-35 °C. Chenopodium berlandieri Moq., the wild-weedy North American ancestor of quinoa, was employed as an exotic source of drought, heat, and salinity tolerance to enlarge genetic variation in cultivated quinoa. The present work aims to assess the influence of high temperatures on seed setting rate and production potential of two quinoa recombinant inbred lines (RILs), RIL2-4 and RIL2-5. Thus, trials were carried out in Morocco at Berrechid and Tiflet in 2017-2018 and Bouchane, Meknès, and El Kebab in 2018-2019. The field experiment design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Ten quantitative traits were measured. The ANOVA showed significant variability for all the evaluated parameters. The seed setting rate had widely different degrees of variation among experimental sites, exceeding 120% at Berrechid and Tiflet while approaching 98% at Bouchane. Tiflet expressed the lowest seed setting at 11.26%. Pearsonâs correlation matrix analysis showed a significant positive correlation between plant size at maturity and inflorescence length. An analysis of mixed model interactions (AMMI) revealed the first interaction; principal component axis explained 53.3% of the total variation while the second axis described 46.7%. Four homogeneous groups emerged. The recombinant inbred lines have segregated for tolerance to high temperatures as evidenced by their variable seed setting rates and grain and DM yields.
{"title":"Evaluation of Chenopodium quinoa × C. berlandieri recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for heat tolerance","authors":"Asmaa Allaoui, Eric N. Jellen, El hadji Thiam, Ouafae Benlhabib","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000300260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000300260","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing interest in expanding quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation; however, the main limitation is its sensitivity to temperatures above 32-35 °C. Chenopodium berlandieri Moq., the wild-weedy North American ancestor of quinoa, was employed as an exotic source of drought, heat, and salinity tolerance to enlarge genetic variation in cultivated quinoa. The present work aims to assess the influence of high temperatures on seed setting rate and production potential of two quinoa recombinant inbred lines (RILs), RIL2-4 and RIL2-5. Thus, trials were carried out in Morocco at Berrechid and Tiflet in 2017-2018 and Bouchane, Meknès, and El Kebab in 2018-2019. The field experiment design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Ten quantitative traits were measured. The ANOVA showed significant variability for all the evaluated parameters. The seed setting rate had widely different degrees of variation among experimental sites, exceeding 120% at Berrechid and Tiflet while approaching 98% at Bouchane. Tiflet expressed the lowest seed setting at 11.26%. Pearsonâs correlation matrix analysis showed a significant positive correlation between plant size at maturity and inflorescence length. An analysis of mixed model interactions (AMMI) revealed the first interaction; principal component axis explained 53.3% of the total variation while the second axis described 46.7%. Four homogeneous groups emerged. The recombinant inbred lines have segregated for tolerance to high temperatures as evidenced by their variable seed setting rates and grain and DM yields.","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136170161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land for agriculture is becoming limited in urban areas and the concept of vertical farming could help increase land productivity. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the potential of vertical farming on sunlight availability for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in the greenhouse system. The experimental design was completely randomized design with two different farming systems: Horizontal and vertical farming systems. Ten planting shelves including five horizontal shelves (HS) and five vertical shelves (VS) with three vertical levels as upper (VS_U), middle (VS_M) and lower (VS_L) were constructed. Two lettuce varieties, âGreen Oakâ (L. sativa var. crispa) and âGreen Cosâ (L. sativa var. longifolia), were selected for comparative measurement. Lettuce was planted in both HS and VS systems. Photosynthetically photon flux density (PPFD) was continuously monitored throughout lettuce growing period. Lettuce height and canopy width were measured weekly. Leaf fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) were also evaluated. The averaged PPFD values were 245, 217, 158 and 147 μmol m-2 s-1 for HS, VS_U, VS_M and VS_L, respectively. Higher values of height and canopy width were observed on HS in comparison to VS. Values of FW and DW on HS were significantly higher as compared to VS. In addition, higher plant growth occurred from upper to lower levels on VS while lower FW and DW were observed from top to bottom. Plant densities of VS (24 plant m-2) were 1.5 times higher than HS (16 plant m-2). Light use efficiency was also pointed out that VS (0.46 g mol-1) tended to have better values in comparison to HS (0.28 g mol-1).
城市地区的农业用地越来越有限，垂直农业的概念可以帮助提高土地生产力。因此，本研究旨在探讨温室系统中垂直种植对生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)生产的日光利用潜力。试验设计为完全随机设计，采用水平和垂直两种不同的耕作系统。构建了10个种植货架，包括5个水平货架(HS)和5个垂直货架(VS)，垂直层次分别为上(VS_U)、中(VS_M)和下(VS_L)。以莴苣品种’绿橡’(L. sativa var. crispa)和’绿花莴苣’(L. sativa var. longgifolia)为研究材料进行比较。莴苣在HS和VS两种系统中种植。在整个生菜生育期对光合光子通量密度(PPFD)进行连续监测。每周测量生菜高度和冠层宽度。测定叶片鲜重(FW)和干重(DW)。HS、VS_U、VS_M和VS_L的平均PPFD值分别为245、217、158和147 μmol m-2 s-1。高、冠宽在高、冠宽上均显著高于高，高、冠宽在高、冠宽上均显著高于低，高、冠宽在高、冠宽上均显著高于低。VS(24株m-2)的密度是HS(16株m-2)的1.5倍。光利用效率还指出，VS (0.46 g mol-1)的值往往优于HS (0.28 g mol-1)。
{"title":"Vertical farming: A potential farming practice for lettuce production","authors":"Suwimon Wicharuck, Nuttapon Khongdee, Tasanee Pripanakul, Niwooti Whangchai, Tipsukhon Pimpimol, Chatchawan Chaichana","doi":"10.4067/s0718-58392023000300248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392023000300248","url":null,"abstract":"Land for agriculture is becoming limited in urban areas and the concept of vertical farming could help increase land productivity. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the potential of vertical farming on sunlight availability for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in the greenhouse system. The experimental design was completely randomized design with two different farming systems: Horizontal and vertical farming systems. Ten planting shelves including five horizontal shelves (HS) and five vertical shelves (VS) with three vertical levels as upper (VS_U), middle (VS_M) and lower (VS_L) were constructed. Two lettuce varieties, âGreen Oakâ (L. sativa var. crispa) and âGreen Cosâ (L. sativa var. longifolia), were selected for comparative measurement. Lettuce was planted in both HS and VS systems. Photosynthetically photon flux density (PPFD) was continuously monitored throughout lettuce growing period. Lettuce height and canopy width were measured weekly. Leaf fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) were also evaluated. The averaged PPFD values were 245, 217, 158 and 147 μmol m-2 s-1 for HS, VS_U, VS_M and VS_L, respectively. Higher values of height and canopy width were observed on HS in comparison to VS. Values of FW and DW on HS were significantly higher as compared to VS. In addition, higher plant growth occurred from upper to lower levels on VS while lower FW and DW were observed from top to bottom. Plant densities of VS (24 plant m-2) were 1.5 times higher than HS (16 plant m-2). Light use efficiency was also pointed out that VS (0.46 g mol-1) tended to have better values in comparison to HS (0.28 g mol-1).","PeriodicalId":49091,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135220302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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