Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy-Revue Canadienne D Ergotherapie最新文献

Background. The COVID-19 outbreak caused an initial 2-week lockdown throughout Israel. Purpose. To identify (1) changes in time-usage patterns of daily occupations during the first COVID-19 lockdown, by gender and employment status, and (2) correlations among optimism, positive affect, and daily occupations during the lockdown. Method. In a voluntary, anonymous, retrospective, online cross-sectional survey, 481 participants completed the Life Orientation Test, Positive Affect Questionnaire, and Occupational Questionnaire. Findings. During lockdown, participants spent more time in recreation, rest, and sleep regardless of their employment status, and more women than men lost their employment. Both before and during lockdown, women spent significantly higher percentage of time performing everyday tasks but reported less rest and sleep than men. Recreation was associated with positive affect. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic created a temporary occupational disruption. Although people devoted their time differently, the lockdown forced people to find ways to continue engaging in their occupations.

Background. Physical activity (PA) is essential for maintaining well-being in adults with disabilities. This population experienced reduced PA during the COVID-19 pandemic; yet, the impact on quality of PA participation remains unclear. Purpose. This secondary analysis explored how pandemic restrictions impacted six experiential dimensions of quality of PA participation among adults with disabilities. Methods. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, including semi-structured interviews (n  =  10) and self-reported surveys (n  =  61), was conducted in May-2020 and February-2021. Quality of PA participation was measured using the Measure of Experiential Aspects of Participation (MeEAP). Participants included community-dwelling adults over 19 years of age (mean 59.2  ±  14.0 years) living with stroke, spinal cord injury, or other physical disabilities. Findings. Directed content analysis identified three themes related to adjusting PA participation for restrictions, motivation barriers, and valuing social support. These themes highlighted five factors, such as resilience, as potential quantitative predictors of quality of PA participation. While paired correlations with MeEAP scores were observed, these factors were not statistically predictive in multiple regression analysis (adjusted R² = -0.14, F(10,50)  =  0.92, p  =  .53). Implications. The interplay between Meaning, Autonomy, Engagement, and Belongingness dimensions of quality of PA participation was complex, with an emphasized role for mental health, in adults with disabilities.

Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily life with corresponding implications on levels of distress. Purpose. To describe factors associated with high distress among community-dwelling older adults during the first lockdown and explore how occupational participation was managed. Methods. A mixed methods design whereby multivariate regression analysis of a survey (N = 263) identified factors associated with high distress, as per the Impact of Events of Scale-Revised (IES-R). Follow-up interviews with a sub-sample of those surveyed who reflected a range of IES-R scores were conducted (N = 32). Findings. Those with lower resilience and anxiety/depression had 6.84 and 4.09 greater odds respectively of high distress. From the interviews, the main theme, "Lost and Found," and subthemes (Interruption and Disruption; Surving, not Thriving; Moving Forward, Finding Meaning) highlighted the process and corresponding stages, including adaptive strategies, by which participants navigated changes in their occupational participation. Implications. While the results suggest that many older adults, including those with high distress, were able to manage daily life under lockdown, some experienced ongoing challenges in doing so. Future studies should focus on those who experienced or who are at-higher risk for such challenges to identify supports that mitigate adverse consequences if another event of this magnitude occurs again.

Background. Singing in choirs, which previous research has identified as supporting wellbeing, has been restricted and altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the experience of music-making for musicians in professional and semi-professional choirs in Canada 18-22 months into the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 participants and analyzed using interpretive description. Findings. Four themes: (1) increased negative feelings associated with the music-making experience due to COVID-19 restrictions, (2) isolation and disconnection, (3) recognizing how music-making aids in their own mental health, the participants used music-making to help their communities cope with the pandemic, and (4) adapting in response to COVID-19 reinforced music-making's importance. Implications. Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic has altered Canadian choral musicians' experience of music-making can help occupational therapists in supporting choral musicians return to this meaningful occupation.

Background. Delivery of occupational therapy education programs in Canada faced significant disruptions and adaptations because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Curriculum changes were made rapidly under extreme conditions. Purpose. To document and explore changes to curricula (academic and fieldwork), instructional, and assessment methods implemented by Canadian occupational therapy programs in response to the pandemic and capture their perceived impact on student learning. Method. This convergent mixed method design study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey followed by a member check focus group. Participant recruitment targeted Canadian occupational therapy university program directors, curriculum chairs, and fieldwork coordinators. Findings. Results highlight curriculum modifications included shifting from in-person to online delivery and re-sequencing or deferring in-person components. Fieldwork placements were similarly affected and included adoption of simulations and telepractice. Implications. The development of interpersonal "soft skills" are perceived as being the most disrupted, but the impact of student learning on actual practice is not yet known.

Background: Only a few studies have explored experiences of meaningful activity and associations with psychosocial wellbeing during COVID-19. None reflect a Canadian context or focus on persons living in poverty. Purpose: To identify experiences and associations between meaningful activity and psychosocial wellbeing for persons living in poverty during the first year of COVID-19. Method: We delivered a quantitative survey at three time points during the first year of the pandemic supplemented by qualitative interviews at Time(T) 1 and 1 year later at T3. Findings: One hundred and eight participants completed T1 surveys, and 27 participated in qualitative interviews. Several statistically significant correlations between indices of meaningful activity engagement and psychosocial wellbeing were identified across T1-T3. Meaningful activity decreased from T1-T3 [X² (2, n = 49) = 9.110, p < .05], with a significant decline from T2-T3 (z = -3.375, p < .001). In T1 qualitative interviews, participants indicated that physical distancing exacerbated exclusion from meaningful activities early in the pandemic. At T3 (1 year later), they described how classist and ableist physical distancing policies layered additional burdens on daily life. Implications: Meaningful activity engagement and psychosocial wellbeing are closely associated and need to be accounted for in the development of pandemic policies that affect persons living in low income. Occupational therapists have a key role in pandemic recovery.

Background. Despite local training opportunities for Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) for occupational therapists, there has been limited evaluation of the feasibility of implementation in Canada. Purpose. This study explored the feasibility of CST delivery by an occupational therapist in an Ontario health care setting and the impact it may have on self-efficacy and hope measures of individuals with dementia. Methods. A mixed-methods experimental pre/post design was used. Survey measures included hope, self-efficacy, feasibility, satisfaction, and individual session evaluation. Semistructured focus groups were held for participants and facilitators. Findings. Quantitative findings are summarized descriptively for the 10 participants. Qualitative findings were grouped into themes: social connectedness, knowledge gained and shared, tailored implementation adjustments, and need for long-term programing. Implications. Occupational therapists are well-positioned to implement CST and should be a part of further research to test the intervention rigorously for applicability within a range of Canadian health care settings.

Background. Many people with spinal cord injury (PW-SCI) in the Gaza Strip in Palestine are discharged from inpatient rehabilitation with limitations in their ability to meet basic needs, and reach their full potential. There is limited evidence of how clinicians can promote occupational justice for PW-SCI. Purpose. To describe participants' perspectives revealed during a participatory action research (PAR) process used to develop an education manual for PW-SCI in Gaza, using Participatory Occupational Justice as a lens. Methods. Following ethical approval, a four-step PAR design was utilized by eight researchers to co-construct the Spinal Cord Injury Activities of Daily Living-education Manual with 54 participants from SCI rehabilitation settings in Gaza. Qualitative data from eight focus groups were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Findings. Two main themes were evident in the participants' viewpoints: Enabling occupational justice and Removing barriers to occupational justice. Implications. Occupational justice is a central value that needs to be considered when developing occupational therapy educational interventions for this client group. PW-SCI health education may facilitate occupational justice in practical and culturally relevant ways when participatory methods are used to develop educational resources.

Background. Integration of occupational therapy into a camp environment may support participation for children with neurodevelopmental differences, but evidence is limited. Purpose. This study examines the effects of participation of children with regulation/sensory processing differences at one such integrated camp on parent-established functional goals. Method. We used a pre-test/post-test repeated measures cohort design. Individualized goals were established with parents three months before camp using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) (n = 82, child ages 4-13). Parents re-rated goals immediately before, one month after, and three months after camp. Findings. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed improvement in occupational performance over the week of camp significantly exceeded change within the three months prior. Improvements remained stable three months post-camp. Implications. Integrating occupational therapy within a camp setting is beneficial for children with neurodevelopmental differences. The COPM can be integrated into a camp setting to document meaningful change in individualized parent-established goals.