Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0097
M. L. Allen, M. Sibarani, L. Utoyo, M. Krofel
espanolRiqueza de la comunidad de mamiferos terrestres y solapamiento temporal entre el tigre y otros carnivoros en el Parque Nacional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Sumatra Debido a la perdida rapida y generalizada de biodiversidad en todo el mundo, es importante estudiar las especies en peligro de extincion, en especial en zonas de gran biodiversidad, y de hacer un seguimiento de dichas especies. El Parque Nacional Bukit Barisan Selatan (BBSNP en sus siglas en ingles) es una de las mayores zonas de conservacion de la isla de Sumatra y es importante para la conservacion de muchas especies amenazadas. El tigre de Sumatra (Panthera tigris sumatrae) se encuentra en peligro critico de extincion y sirve de especie paraguas para la conservacion, pero tambien puede afectar a la actividad y la distribucion de otros carnivoros. Utilizamos camaras de trampeo durante 8 anos en una zona del Parque Nacional BBSNP con escasa actividad humana, a fin de documentar la comunidad local de mamiferos terrestres y estudiar el solapamiento espacial y temporal del tigre con otras especies de carnivoros. Detectamos 39 especies de mamiferos como el tigre de Sumatra y otros varios mamiferos amenazados. La riqueza anual de especies se situo de media en 21,5 mamiferos (intervalo 19–24) y se mantuvo estable a lo largo del tiempo. A diferencia de la situacion de conservacion de la especie, el orden de los mamiferos tuvo un efecto significativo en la deteccion anual de especies y el numero de camaras en las que se detecto una especie. El tigre mostro una pauta de actividad diurna y el mayor solapamiento temporal con el gato jaspeado (Pardofelis marmorata), el cuon (Cuon alpinus) y el oso malayo (Helarctos malayanus), pero poco solapamiento con otros carnivoros. Estos resultados sugieren que algunos carnivoros de menor talla podrian estar ajustando la actividad temporal para evitar a los tigres o a mesocarnivoros. La tendencia estable de la riqueza de especies de mamiferos terrestres pone de manifiesto que el BBSNP sigue siendo una zona importante para la conservacion de la biodiversidad. EnglishRapid and widespread biodiversity losses around the world make itimportant to survey and monitor endangered species, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Bukit Barisan SelatanNational Park (BBSNP) is one of the largest conserved areas on the island of Sumatra, and is important for the conservation of many threatened species. Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) are critically endangered and serve as an umbrella species for conservation, but may also affect the activity and distribution of other carnivores. We deployed camera traps for 8 years in an area of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) with little human activity to document the local terrestrial mammal community and investigate tiger spatial and temporal overlap with other carnivore species. We detected 39 mammal species including Sumatran tiger and several other threatened mammals. Annual species richness averaged 21.5 (ran
{"title":"Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra","authors":"M. L. Allen, M. Sibarani, L. Utoyo, M. Krofel","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0097","url":null,"abstract":"espanolRiqueza de la comunidad de mamiferos terrestres y solapamiento temporal entre el tigre y otros carnivoros en el Parque Nacional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Sumatra Debido a la perdida rapida y generalizada de biodiversidad en todo el mundo, es importante estudiar las especies en peligro de extincion, en especial en zonas de gran biodiversidad, y de hacer un seguimiento de dichas especies. El Parque Nacional Bukit Barisan Selatan (BBSNP en sus siglas en ingles) es una de las mayores zonas de conservacion de la isla de Sumatra y es importante para la conservacion de muchas especies amenazadas. El tigre de Sumatra (Panthera tigris sumatrae) se encuentra en peligro critico de extincion y sirve de especie paraguas para la conservacion, pero tambien puede afectar a la actividad y la distribucion de otros carnivoros. Utilizamos camaras de trampeo durante 8 anos en una zona del Parque Nacional BBSNP con escasa actividad humana, a fin de documentar la comunidad local de mamiferos terrestres y estudiar el solapamiento espacial y temporal del tigre con otras especies de carnivoros. Detectamos 39 especies de mamiferos como el tigre de Sumatra y otros varios mamiferos amenazados. La riqueza anual de especies se situo de media en 21,5 mamiferos (intervalo 19–24) y se mantuvo estable a lo largo del tiempo. A diferencia de la situacion de conservacion de la especie, el orden de los mamiferos tuvo un efecto significativo en la deteccion anual de especies y el numero de camaras en las que se detecto una especie. El tigre mostro una pauta de actividad diurna y el mayor solapamiento temporal con el gato jaspeado (Pardofelis marmorata), el cuon (Cuon alpinus) y el oso malayo (Helarctos malayanus), pero poco solapamiento con otros carnivoros. Estos resultados sugieren que algunos carnivoros de menor talla podrian estar ajustando la actividad temporal para evitar a los tigres o a mesocarnivoros. La tendencia estable de la riqueza de especies de mamiferos terrestres pone de manifiesto que el BBSNP sigue siendo una zona importante para la conservacion de la biodiversidad. EnglishRapid and widespread biodiversity losses around the world make itimportant to survey and monitor endangered species, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Bukit Barisan SelatanNational Park (BBSNP) is one of the largest conserved areas on the island of Sumatra, and is important for the conservation of many threatened species. Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) are critically endangered and serve as an umbrella species for conservation, but may also affect the activity and distribution of other carnivores. We deployed camera traps for 8 years in an area of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) with little human activity to document the local terrestrial mammal community and investigate tiger spatial and temporal overlap with other carnivore species. We detected 39 mammal species including Sumatran tiger and several other threatened mammals. Annual species richness averaged 21.5 (ran","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"43 1","pages":"97-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41524463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-26DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0221
P. S. Resende, A. Viana‐Júnior, R. Young, C. S. Azevedo
We performed a bibliometric analysis to investigate the efficiency of release techniques (soft and hard–release), to analyse the characteristics and outcomes of the translocation programs, to identify knowledge gaps, and to provide recommendations. Animal conservation studies involving animal release to the wild increased significantly over the 31 years studied and were more frequently performed with terrestrial mammals than with other taxonomic groups. Most of the studies were performed by researchers from developed countries. Translocations occurred mostly in temperate regions, with almost no translocations occurring in the tropics. Almost 60 % of the studies did not provide information regarding the success or failure of the translocation programs. The most commonly used technique was hard release. Wild–caught specimens were preferred for translocations. Translocation programs were less common for groups like amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates. If criteria for suitable translocation are met, this management tool should also be conducted for tropical threatened species, led by native researchers. Furthermore, criteria for successful translocation should be clearly identified in order to improve future conservation actions.
{"title":"A global review of animal translocation programs","authors":"P. S. Resende, A. Viana‐Júnior, R. Young, C. S. Azevedo","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0221","url":null,"abstract":"We performed a bibliometric analysis to investigate the efficiency of release techniques (soft and hard–release), to analyse the characteristics and outcomes of the translocation programs, to identify knowledge gaps, and to provide recommendations. Animal conservation studies involving animal release to the wild increased significantly over the 31 years studied and were more frequently performed with terrestrial mammals than with other taxonomic groups. Most of the studies were performed by researchers from developed countries. Translocations occurred mostly in temperate regions, with almost no translocations occurring in the tropics. Almost 60 % of the studies did not provide information regarding the success or failure of the translocation programs. The most commonly used technique was hard release. Wild–caught specimens were preferred for translocations. Translocation programs were less common for groups like amphibians, fishes, and invertebrates. If criteria for suitable translocation are met, this management tool should also be conducted for tropical threatened species, led by native researchers. Furthermore, criteria for successful translocation should be clearly identified in order to improve future conservation actions.","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70170399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-25DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0209
P. Almeida, M. Hartmann, P. A. Hartmann
Riparian forests are under legal protection in Brazil and provide essential ecosystem services yet have been historically degraded and reduced by deforestation. Consequently, the fauna of these riparian forests and associated ecosystems can be strongly affected, as is the case with amphibians. In this study we identify how anuran species composition varies in riparian forests with various levels of environmental integrity. The study took place in the Fritz Plaumann State Park (FPSP), a protected area with forest formations typical of the Southern Atlantic Forest. Our results suggest that the environmental integrity of the sampling sites influenced where each species was found. The most preserved habitats, with large areas of riparian forest and fewer anthropic impacts, promoted greater species diversity and allowed for the maintenance of species with specific environmental requirements. Two species registered are on the list of endangered amphibians (Boana curupi and Vitreorana uranoscopa) and one is an exotic invasive species (Lithobates catesbeianus). Because it preys on native amphibians and may act as a pathogen vector, this species is a potential threat to the native amphibian populations inside the park. Even though large portions of the FPSP consist of forests in a secondary stage of succession, the connection with better–preserved areas of primary forest allows for the general occurrence of more demanding species that are usually associated with well–preserved habitats. On a regional level, these habitats occur only inside the park and in their absence, these species will most likely become locally or regionally extinct.
{"title":"How riparian forest integrity influences anuran species composition: a case study in the Southern Brazil Atlantic Forest","authors":"P. Almeida, M. Hartmann, P. A. Hartmann","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0209","url":null,"abstract":"Riparian forests are under legal protection in Brazil and provide essential ecosystem services yet have been historically degraded and reduced by deforestation. Consequently, the fauna of these riparian forests and associated ecosystems can be strongly affected, as is the case with amphibians. In this study we identify how anuran species composition varies in riparian forests with various levels of environmental integrity. The study took place in the Fritz Plaumann State Park (FPSP), a protected area with forest formations typical of the Southern Atlantic Forest. Our results suggest that the environmental integrity of the sampling sites influenced where each species was found. The most preserved habitats, with large areas of riparian forest and fewer anthropic impacts, promoted greater species diversity and allowed for the maintenance of species with specific environmental requirements. Two species registered are on the list of endangered amphibians (Boana curupi and Vitreorana uranoscopa) and one is an exotic invasive species (Lithobates catesbeianus). Because it preys on native amphibians and may act as a pathogen vector, this species is a potential threat to the native amphibian populations inside the park. Even though large portions of the FPSP consist of forests in a secondary stage of succession, the connection with better–preserved areas of primary forest allows for the general occurrence of more demanding species that are usually associated with well–preserved habitats. On a regional level, these habitats occur only inside the park and in their absence, these species will most likely become locally or regionally extinct.","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44437091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0187
M. T. Oropeza-Sánchez, A. Sandoval-Comte, P. García-Bañuelos, P. Hernández–López, E. Pineda
The population study of threatened species requires marking techniques that do not affect the survival of individuals. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of visible implant elastomer (VIE) in the identification and survival of individuals of the salamander Parvimolge townsendi. We compared three salamander groups under different treatments: intervened, simulated intervention and control. No significant mortality differences were observed between groups (with two, none, and one individual, respectively), but implant migration was observe in four of 10 intervened individuals. Although VIE does not have a significant effect on survival, implant migration should be considered before use in population studies.
{"title":"Use of visible implant elastomer and its effect on the survival of an endangered minute salamander","authors":"M. T. Oropeza-Sánchez, A. Sandoval-Comte, P. García-Bañuelos, P. Hernández–López, E. Pineda","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0187","url":null,"abstract":"The population study of threatened species requires marking techniques that do not affect the survival of individuals. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of visible implant elastomer (VIE) in the identification and survival of individuals of the salamander Parvimolge townsendi. We compared three salamander groups under different treatments: intervened,\u0000simulated intervention and control. No significant mortality differences were observed between groups (with two, none, and one individual, respectively), but implant migration was observe in four of 10 intervened individuals. Although VIE does not have a significant effect on survival, implant migration should be considered before use in population studies.","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47479379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-09DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0169
G. Michelin, K. Ceron, D. Santana
Prey availability in an environment may change seasonally and these changes should be considered as determinant factors for the diets of anurans. Scinax species are generalist predators that feed on arthropods, but data concernning their diet in relation to prey availability are lacking. In this study, we describe the diet of Scinax fuscomarginatus by evaluating its possibly generalist diet related to prey availability in its environment. We studied the diet of Scinax fuscomarginatus by analysing the stomach contents of 48 individuals captured in the Campo Grande municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. We found eight prey categories, the most common and most representative being Hemiptera. The selectivity index of the two most important prey varied inversely between dry and wet seasons. Prey availability also varied between seasons. These results suggest a temporal pattern in prey composition and in the diet of Scinax fuscomarginatus.
{"title":"Prey availability influences the diet of Scinax fuscomarginatus in a Cerrado area, Central Brazil","authors":"G. Michelin, K. Ceron, D. Santana","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0169","url":null,"abstract":"Prey availability in an environment may change seasonally and these changes should be considered as determinant factors for the diets of anurans. Scinax species are generalist predators that feed on arthropods, but data concernning their diet in relation to prey availability are lacking. In this study, we describe the diet of Scinax fuscomarginatus by evaluating its possibly generalist diet related to prey availability in its environment. We studied the diet of Scinax fuscomarginatus by analysing the stomach contents of 48 individuals captured in the Campo Grande municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. We found eight prey categories, the most common and most representative being Hemiptera. The selectivity index of the two most important prey varied inversely between dry and wet seasons. Prey availability also varied between seasons. These results suggest a temporal pattern in prey composition and in the diet of Scinax fuscomarginatus.","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43736114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0151
E. Mori, L. Malfatti, M. L. Louarn, D. Hernández‐Brito, B. T. Cate, M. Ricci, M. Menchetti
Predation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked parakeets made up over 10 % of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93 % of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced parakeet on native biodiversity.
{"title":"'Some like it alien': predation on invasive ring–necked parakeets by the long–eared owl in an urban area","authors":"E. Mori, L. Malfatti, M. L. Louarn, D. Hernández‐Brito, B. T. Cate, M. Ricci, M. Menchetti","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0151","url":null,"abstract":"Predation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked parakeets made up over 10 % of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93 % of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced parakeet on native biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42835879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-21DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.151
E. Mori, L. Malfatti, M. Le Louarn, D. Hernández‐Brito, B. ten Cate, M. Ricci, M. Menchetti
Predation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked parakeets made up over 10 % of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93 % of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced parakeet on native biodiversity.
{"title":"‘Some like it alien’: predation on invasive ring–necked parakeets by the long–eared owl in an urban area","authors":"E. Mori, L. Malfatti, M. Le Louarn, D. Hernández‐Brito, B. ten Cate, M. Ricci, M. Menchetti","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.151","url":null,"abstract":"Predation pressure by native species may limit the spread of alien invasive species, thus playing a pivotal role in the impact and implementation of management strategies. The ring–necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the most widespread alien bird species in Europe, with nearly 70 established populations. Predators of this species include diurnal raptors, synanthropic corvids, and rodents. Here we report for the first time that long–eared owls Asio otus might have preyed upon parakeets in their night roosts. Analysis of 167 owl pellets showed that ring–necked parakeets made up over 10 % of the total volume of the diet of these owls in winter (32.93 % of absolute frequency), representing the most important prey species after murid rodents and passerine birds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether parakeet consumption by long–eared owls is only a local occurrence or whether it is widespread in European cities. If so, predation by long–eared owl may eventually lead to a form of parakeet control and may limit the impact of this introduced parakeet on native biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0137
J. Espinosa, J. Pérez, A. Baéz–Bravo, P. Fandos, F. Cano-Manuel, R. Soriguer, J. López-Olvera, J. Granados
In recent decades, sarcoptic mange has become the main driver of demographic changes in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) populations in the Iberian Peninsula. Given this species’ economic and ecological importance, priority must be given to management measures aimed at limiting the effects of this disease. However, despite the wealth of research on sarcoptic mange in ibex, no common patterns of action are yet available to manage this disease under field conditions. The lack of national and international protocols aimed at controlling sarcoptic mange has favoured the spontaneous emergence of various disease management initiatives in Spain. However, very little information is available concerning this trend and what there is tends to be available only as ‘grey literature’ or is consigned to the memory of local observers. Traditional strategies designed to combat this disease include the administration of medicated feed and the non–selective culling of mangy ibex. Here, we propose a management approach that takes into account aspects relating to the ecology and conservation of ibex populations, as well as public–health–related factors. Our recommendations are based on knowledge of the disease and host–parasite interaction, and aim to promote long–term advances in its control. Moreover, we discuss the efficacy of the measures traditionally used in mange management. The overall aim is to encourage debate between wildlife managers and motivate the development of alternative management strategies.
{"title":"Recommendations for the management of sarcoptic mange in free–ranging Iberian ibex populations","authors":"J. Espinosa, J. Pérez, A. Baéz–Bravo, P. Fandos, F. Cano-Manuel, R. Soriguer, J. López-Olvera, J. Granados","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0137","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, sarcoptic mange has become the main driver of demographic changes in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) populations in the Iberian Peninsula. Given this species’ economic and ecological importance, priority must be given to management measures aimed at limiting the effects of this disease. However, despite the wealth of research on sarcoptic mange in ibex, no common patterns of action are yet available to manage this disease under field conditions. The lack of national and international protocols aimed at controlling sarcoptic mange has favoured the spontaneous emergence of various disease management initiatives in Spain. However, very little information is available concerning this trend and what there is tends to be available only as ‘grey literature’ or is consigned to the memory of local observers. Traditional strategies designed to combat this disease include the administration of medicated feed and the non–selective culling of mangy ibex. Here, we propose a management approach that takes into account aspects relating to the ecology and conservation of ibex populations, as well as public–health–related factors. Our recommendations are based on knowledge of the disease and host–parasite interaction, and aim to promote long–term advances in its control. Moreover, we discuss the efficacy of the measures traditionally used in mange management. The overall aim is to encourage debate between wildlife managers and motivate the development of alternative management strategies.","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0109
N. Ruiz-García
espanolLas orugas de Eumaeus childrenae (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) son herbivoros especialistas que se alimentan de Dioon holmgrenii (Cycadacea). Constituyen un caso bien documentado de proteccion quimica mediante el secuestro de cicasina y de compuestos relacionados de su hospedante. En este estudio evaluamos la eficacia del aposematismo contra depredadores invertebrados con mecanismos quimicos y visuales de caza en una poblacion silvestre de E. childrenae criada en D. holmgrenii. Los resultados de los experimentos de campo indican que la supervivencia estimada y la tasa de cambio intrinseca fueron el doble en las cohortes con exclusion de depredadores que en aquellas donde no se excluyo a los depredadores. Los depredadores con mecanismos de caza visual observados fueron avispas del gener Mischocyttarus sp. y chinches, mientras que los depredadores con mecanismos quimicos de caza fueron varias especies de hormigas de los generos Wasmannia, Crematogaster y Ectatomma. Otros factores de mortalidad observados fueron el canibalismo de huevos, el virus de la poliedrosis nuclear y el parasitismo de las larvas por larvas de moscas y un hongo, que se observan por primera vez. EnglishEumaeus childrenae (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) caterpillars are specialist herbivores that feed on Dioon holmgrenii (Cycadacea). They are a well–documented case of chemical protection by sequestering cycasin and related compounds from their host. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of aposematic defenses against chemical and visual invertebrate predators in wild populations of E. childrenae reared on D. holmgrenii. The results from field experiments indicated that the estimated survival and the intrinsic rate of increase in cohorts with predator exclusion were twice those in cohorts without predator exclusion. The visually oriented predators observed were Mischocyttarus wasps and assassin bugs, and the chemically oriented predators were Wasmannia, Crematogaster and Ectatomma ants. Other mortality factors observed were egg cannibalism, nuclear polyhedrosis virus and, reported for the first time, larval parasitism by fly larvae and a fungus.
{"title":"Effectiveness of the aposematic Eumaeus childrenae caterpillars against invertebrate predators under field conditions","authors":"N. Ruiz-García","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0109","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLas orugas de Eumaeus childrenae (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) son herbivoros especialistas que se alimentan de Dioon holmgrenii (Cycadacea). Constituyen un caso bien documentado de proteccion quimica mediante el secuestro de cicasina y de compuestos relacionados de su hospedante. En este estudio evaluamos la eficacia del aposematismo contra depredadores invertebrados con mecanismos quimicos y visuales de caza en una poblacion silvestre de E. childrenae criada en D. holmgrenii. Los resultados de los experimentos de campo indican que la supervivencia estimada y la tasa de cambio intrinseca fueron el doble en las cohortes con exclusion de depredadores que en aquellas donde no se excluyo a los depredadores. Los depredadores con mecanismos de caza visual observados fueron avispas del gener Mischocyttarus sp. y chinches, mientras que los depredadores con mecanismos quimicos de caza fueron varias especies de hormigas de los generos Wasmannia, Crematogaster y Ectatomma. Otros factores de mortalidad observados fueron el canibalismo de huevos, el virus de la poliedrosis nuclear y el parasitismo de las larvas por larvas de moscas y un hongo, que se observan por primera vez. EnglishEumaeus childrenae (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) caterpillars are specialist herbivores that feed on Dioon holmgrenii (Cycadacea). They are a well–documented case of chemical protection by sequestering cycasin and related compounds from their host. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of aposematic defenses against chemical and visual invertebrate predators in wild populations of E. childrenae reared on D. holmgrenii. The results from field experiments indicated that the estimated survival and the intrinsic rate of increase in cohorts with predator exclusion were twice those in cohorts without predator exclusion. The visually oriented predators observed were Mischocyttarus wasps and assassin bugs, and the chemically oriented predators were Wasmannia, Crematogaster and Ectatomma ants. Other mortality factors observed were egg cannibalism, nuclear polyhedrosis virus and, reported for the first time, larval parasitism by fly larvae and a fungus.","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"43 1","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45784917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-21DOI: 10.32800/abc.2020.43.0079
Ş. Procheş
The non–equivalence of species defined using different species concepts has recently been highlighted as a serious impediment for conservation efforts. The question arises then, to what extent biogeographical studies, and especially macroecological studies, might also be hampered by the numerous problems pertaining to multi–species datasets. An examination of what is meant by species across spatial scales reveals an important discontinuity. Over and above the much–debated species concepts the word ‘species’ describes, in fact, two distinct ideas. One, applicable at the local scale, is critical in a community ecology context. The second refers to non–equivalent units in the global inventory of biodiversity, useful for reference purpose, but problematic where analysis is concerned. The majority of biogeographical studies are in fact relevant to those intermediate spatial scales where neither meaning truly applies. Multi–species lineages that are comparable in one or another respect (such as equal–age lineages and similar–range lineages) are probably more accurate units for testing biogeographical hypotheses
{"title":"Does biogeography need species?","authors":"Ş. Procheş","doi":"10.32800/abc.2020.43.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32800/abc.2020.43.0079","url":null,"abstract":"The non–equivalence of species defined using different species concepts has recently been highlighted as a serious impediment for conservation efforts. The question arises then, to what extent biogeographical studies, and especially macroecological studies, might also be hampered by the numerous problems pertaining to multi–species datasets. An examination of what is meant by species across spatial scales reveals an important discontinuity. Over and above the much–debated species concepts the word ‘species’ describes, in fact, two distinct ideas. One, applicable at the local scale, is critical in a community ecology context. The second refers to non–equivalent units in the global inventory of biodiversity, useful for reference purpose, but problematic where analysis is concerned. The majority of biogeographical studies are in fact relevant to those intermediate spatial scales where neither meaning truly applies. Multi–species lineages that are comparable in one or another respect (such as equal–age lineages and similar–range lineages) are probably more accurate units for testing biogeographical hypotheses","PeriodicalId":49107,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49182267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：