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Clinical application of additive manufacturing in maxillofacial prosthetics: A scoping review. 增材制造技术在颌面修复术中的临床应用综述。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70050
Hélène Magro, Adrien Laran, Adrien Naveau

Purpose: Digital workflows provide significant advances in prosthodontics, especially in terms of accuracy, reduced treatment duration, and quality of life. Moreover, additive manufacturing (AM) is particularly adapted for the fabrication of personalized complex prototypes required for the prosthetic rehabilitation of maxillofacial defects. However, the integration of AM in maxillofacial prosthetics (MP) protocols is challenging. The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the clinical contribution of AM to the management of patients requiring MP.

Methods: This scoping review followed the PRISMA recommendations. Searches were conducted until December 2024 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Selection was performed by reviewing titles and abstracts, followed by full-text evaluation according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. In vitro studies and case reports were excluded.

Results: Of the 1526 retrieved articles, 16 were included. These clinical studies were 14 case series and 2 cohort studies, with a sample size averaging ∼8 participants per study. The applications were 3D-printed prostheses, prosthetic prototypes, master casts or molds, and implant guides. These articles demonstrated that AM enhanced clinical management of MP in terms of cost, production time, aesthetics, retention, accuracy, quality of life, and comfort. The replication of skin texture remained the only criterion requiring improvement.

Conclusions: Workflows integrating computer-aided design and AM offer alternatives to conventional procedures for the management of MP. However, the organization of digital workflows suggests an initial investment related to installation costs and the recruitment of trained technicians. Larger-scale studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to establish whether a digital workflow incorporating AM represents a standard treatment approach.

目的:数字化工作流程为修复学提供了显著的进步,特别是在准确性、缩短治疗时间和生活质量方面。此外,增材制造(AM)特别适用于颌面缺陷修复所需的个性化复杂原型的制造。然而,AM在颌面修复(MP)协议中的集成是具有挑战性的。本综述的目的是评估AM对需要MP的患者管理的临床贡献。方法:本综述遵循PRISMA的建议。使用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库进行搜索直到2024年12月。通过审查标题和摘要进行选择,然后根据既定的纳入和排除标准对全文进行评估。排除体外研究和病例报告。结果:1526篇检索文献中,16篇被纳入。这些临床研究包括14个病例系列和2个队列研究,每项研究的样本量平均为8名参与者。这些应用包括3d打印假肢、假肢原型、主铸件或模具以及植入物指南。这些文章表明,AM在成本、制作时间、美观、保留、准确性、生活质量和舒适度方面增强了MP的临床管理。皮肤纹理的复制仍然是唯一需要改进的标准。结论:集成计算机辅助设计和AM的工作流程为MP的管理提供了传统程序的替代方案。然而,数字化工作流程的组织建议与安装费用和招聘训练有素的技术人员相关的初始投资。需要进行更大规模的研究,延长随访期,以确定包含AM的数字工作流程是否代表标准治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of gastric acid on surface roughness, microhardness, fracture strength, and color change of dental ceramics: A systematic review of in vitro studies. 胃酸对口腔陶瓷表面粗糙度、显微硬度、断裂强度和颜色变化的影响:体外研究的系统综述。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70057
Geany Ferreira Rodrigues, Isaac Augusto Dantas Nogueira, Nicole Escórcio de Meneses, Ana Letícia Daniel Fontenele, Francisbênia Alves Silvestre, Ana Carolina Lima Moreira, Lívia Maria Sales Pinto Fiamengui, Karina Matthes de Freitas Pontes, Raniel Fernandes Peixoto

Purpose: This systematic review evaluated the effects of simulated gastric acid (SGA) on surface and mechanical properties of dental ceramics to answer the research question: Does immersion in SGA alter the surface roughness, microhardness, fracture strength, and color of dental ceramics?

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Open Gray, and Google Scholar, in February 2025. Independent reviewers selected and analyzed in vitro studies assessing one or more outcomes-roughness, microhardness, fracture strength, or color-after acid exposure. Data were extracted independently, and risk of bias was assessed using the RoBDEMAT tool.

Results: Out of 2,111 studies, 22 were included. Ceramics analyzed were lithium disilicate (n = 15), polymer-infiltrated feldspathic (n = 11), zirconia (n = 11), feldspathic (n = 8), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (n = 7), and leucite-reinforced (n = 4). Surface roughness changes were material-dependent, with feldspathic ceramics most affected and zirconia most stable. Microhardness generally decreased across ceramics. Fracture strength remained mostly unchanged, except for occasional reductions. Polymer-infiltrated ceramics and zirconia showed the greatest color stability. Specimen shapes and dimensions varied across studies, reflecting differences in study aims and testing protocols. Most studies showed appropriate outcome reporting, statistical analysis, and test standardization (>90%). However, operator blinding, when applicable, was not reported in any of the included studies. Randomization (> 87%) and sample size calculation (50%) were also frequently missing.

Conclusion: Surface, mechanical, and optical properties of ceramics were affected by acid exposure, varying by material. Zirconia and polymer-infiltrated ceramics show greater stability. Methodological heterogeneity limits conclusions, underscoring the need for standardized protocols and clinical validation.

目的:本系统综述评估了模拟胃酸(SGA)对牙科陶瓷表面和力学性能的影响,以回答研究问题:浸泡在SGA中是否会改变牙科陶瓷的表面粗糙度、显微硬度、断裂强度和颜色?方法:于2025年2月在PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Embase、Open Gray、谷歌Scholar等数据库进行文献检索。独立审稿人选择并分析了体外研究,评估了酸暴露后的一个或多个结果-粗糙度,显微硬度,断裂强度或颜色。数据独立提取,使用RoBDEMAT工具评估偏倚风险。结果:在2111项研究中,22项被纳入。所分析的陶瓷包括二硅酸锂(n = 15)、聚合物渗透长石(n = 11)、氧化锆(n = 11)、长石(n = 8)、氧化锆增强硅酸锂(n = 7)和白晶石增强(n = 4)。表面粗糙度的变化与材料有关,其中长石陶瓷受影响最大,氧化锆最稳定。显微硬度在陶瓷中普遍降低。断裂强度除了偶尔降低外,基本保持不变。聚合物浸润陶瓷和氧化锆表现出最大的颜色稳定性。不同研究的标本形状和尺寸各不相同,反映了研究目的和测试方案的差异。大多数研究显示了适当的结果报告、统计分析和测试标准化(>90%)。然而,在所有纳入的研究中均未报道操作者盲法(当适用时)。随机化(> 87%)和样本量计算(50%)也经常缺失。结论:酸暴露会影响陶瓷的表面、力学和光学性能,且随材料的不同而不同。氧化锆和聚合物渗透陶瓷表现出更大的稳定性。方法的异质性限制了结论,强调了标准化方案和临床验证的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Scanner-agnostic dynamic jaw motion generation from virtual static excursive records using open-source Python-based artificial intelligence (AI) interpolation. 基于开源python的人工智能(AI)插值,从虚拟静态漂移记录生成与扫描仪无关的动态颌骨运动。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70051
Mohamed Sherif Omar, Chao-Chieh Yang, Dean Morton, Wei-Shao Lin

This technique describes a scanner-agnostic digital workflow for generating dynamic mandibular motion from static virtual interocclusal records using a custom artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and user interface. Virtual records of mandibular positions, including maximum intercuspation, protrusion, and lateral excursions, were captured with an intraoral scanner and processed through a custom interface developed using Python, an open-source, script-based programming language. The program interpolates intermediate positions using quantified point tracking and exports a motion path file compatible with dental computer-aided design software. By leveraging AI and open-source tools, this method offers a cost-effective, non-vendor-specific solution for integrating individualized jaw motion into digital prosthodontic workflows.

该技术描述了一种与扫描仪无关的数字工作流程,用于使用自定义人工智能(AI)算法和用户界面从静态虚拟咬合记录中生成动态下颌运动。下颌位置的虚拟记录,包括最大的间歇、突出和侧向偏移,由口腔内扫描仪捕获,并通过使用Python(一种开源的、基于脚本的编程语言)开发的定制界面进行处理。该程序使用量化点跟踪插值中间位置,并导出与牙科计算机辅助设计软件兼容的运动路径文件。通过利用人工智能和开源工具,该方法提供了一种具有成本效益的、非供应商特定的解决方案,可将个性化颌骨运动集成到数字修复工作流程中。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of dimensional trueness and adaptation of 3-unit monolithic zirconia restorations fabricated with subtractive and additive technologies. 减法与增材三单元单片氧化锆修复体的尺寸真实性与适应性比较分析。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70059
Almira Ada Diken Turksayar, Mehmet Esad Güven, Simge Dagistan, Dilem Toksoy, Özay Önöral

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the dimensional trueness and fit of 3-unit monolithic zirconia restorations fabricated using various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques-namely, stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM)-in comparison with the computer numerical control (CNC) method.

Materials and methods: A total of 32 three-unit posterior fixed partial dentures (FPDs) were fabricated using 3 different additive AM methods (SLA, DLP, and LCM) and CNC as the control group. In all groups, 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) was used. The restorations, the restorations placed on the model, and the model itself were digitized. For the purpose of trueness and internal fit analysis, all STL datasets were imported into a high-precision metrology-grade 3-dimensional inspection software (Geomagic Control X 2022; 3D Systems) and virtually divided into four regions: intaglio, occlusal, axial, and marginal. Surface deviations were analyzed by using the root mean square (RMS) method, while the triple scan method was used for internal fit. Obtained data were then computed by using two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results: SLA, CNC, and LCM provided similar and clinically acceptable marginal and internal trueness (p > 0.05). Conversely, the DLP method exhibited a significantly higher discrepancy in all regions, particularly in the marginal and intaglio surfaces (p ≤ 0.001). The lowest overall RMS deviation was observed in the SLA group (39.88 ± 4.84 µm), while the highest internal gap was found in the DLP group (218.29 ± 11.88 µm).

Conclusion: Additive manufacturing methods affected the fabrication trueness and fit of the 3-unit zirconia FPDs. Since the restorations produced by the DLP method had higher RMS and internal gap values, adjustment is required prior to clinical use.

目的:本研究的目的是评估使用各种增材制造(AM)技术(即立体光刻(SLA),数字光处理(DLP)和基于光刻的陶瓷制造(LCM))制造的3单元整体氧化锆修复体的尺寸真实性和拟合性,并与计算机数控(CNC)方法进行比较。材料与方法:采用三种不同的增材增材制造方法(SLA、DLP、LCM)和CNC作为对照组,制作32颗三单元后牙固定局部义齿(fpd)。所有组均使用3mol %钇稳定的四方氧化锆多晶(Y-TZP)。修复,模型上的修复和模型本身都被数字化了。为了准确性和内部拟合分析,将所有STL数据集导入高精度计量级三维检测软件(Geomagic Control X 2022; 3D Systems)中,并将其虚拟分为凹版、咬合、轴向和边缘四个区域。采用均方根(RMS)法分析表面偏差,采用三重扫描法进行内拟合。采用双因素方差分析计算所得数据,并进行Bonferroni和Tukey事后检验(α = 0.05)。结果:SLA、CNC和LCM提供相似且临床可接受的边缘和内部真实度(p < 0.05)。相反,DLP方法在所有区域,特别是在边缘和凹版表面上显示出明显更高的差异(p≤0.001)。SLA组整体RMS偏差最小(39.88±4.84µm), DLP组内部间隙最大(218.29±11.88µm)。结论:增材制造方法影响了3单元氧化锆fpd的制作准确性和贴合度。由于DLP法修复体的RMS和内部间隙值较高,因此在临床使用前需要进行调整。
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引用次数: 0
Reverse scan body: A retrospective clinical study with 30 edentulous jaws 反向扫描体:30个无牙颌的回顾性临床研究。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70055
Panos Papaspyridakos DDS, MS, PhD, E. Armand Bedrossian DDS, MSD, Sindhu Kanikicharla DDS, MS, Panagiotis Ntovas DDS, MS, Abdul Basir Barmak MD, MSc, EdD, Konstantinos Chochlidakis DDS, MS

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of fit of full-arch zirconia prostheses fabricated using a fully digital workflow with extraoral scanning with the reverse scan body protocol.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study included 30 patients treated with zirconia full-arch implant-supported fixed complete dental prostheses (IFCDPs). Out of these 30 patients, 15 patients received IFCDPs supported by four implants, and the other 15 received IFCDPs supported by six implants. Each patient underwent full-arch implant rehabilitation with digital workflow using the reverse scan body protocol. Digitally designed verification jigs and prototypes were milled and used to confirm the accuracy of the scan, esthetics, and phonetics for each patient. Following the verification jig, monolithic zirconia IFCDPs were milled, assessed for fit, and delivered. Fit accuracy was evaluated through screw resistance test, visual examination, and radiographs.

Results

All 30 milled prostheses (100%) achieved an accurate fit under clinical and radiographic assessment.

Conclusion

Full-arch zirconia prostheses with an accurate fit can be fabricated using extraoral scanning with the reverse scan body protocol.

目的:评价采用全数字化工作流程制作的全弓氧化锆假体口腔外扫描与反扫描体方案的配合准确性。材料和方法:回顾性研究了30例采用氧化锆全弓种植体支持的固定全牙修复体(ifcdp)治疗的患者。在这30名患者中,15名患者接受了由4个种植体支持的ifcdp,另外15名患者接受了由6个种植体支持的ifcdp。每位患者均采用数字工作流程,采用反向扫描体协议进行全弓种植体康复。数字化设计的验证夹具和原型被磨铣并用于确认每个患者的扫描,美学和语音的准确性。在验证夹具之后,对单片氧化锆ifcdp进行研磨、评估并交付。通过螺钉阻力试验、目视检查和x线片评估配合准确性。结果:所有30个假体(100%)在临床和放射学评估下达到准确配合。结论:采用反扫描体的口腔外扫描方法可以制作出吻合准确的全弓氧化锆修复体。
{"title":"Reverse scan body: A retrospective clinical study with 30 edentulous jaws","authors":"Panos Papaspyridakos DDS, MS, PhD,&nbsp;E. Armand Bedrossian DDS, MSD,&nbsp;Sindhu Kanikicharla DDS, MS,&nbsp;Panagiotis Ntovas DDS, MS,&nbsp;Abdul Basir Barmak MD, MSc, EdD,&nbsp;Konstantinos Chochlidakis DDS, MS","doi":"10.1111/jopr.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jopr.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the accuracy of fit of full-arch zirconia prostheses fabricated using a fully digital workflow with extraoral scanning with the reverse scan body protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study included 30 patients treated with zirconia full-arch implant-supported fixed complete dental prostheses (IFCDPs). Out of these 30 patients, 15 patients received IFCDPs supported by four implants, and the other 15 received IFCDPs supported by six implants. Each patient underwent full-arch implant rehabilitation with digital workflow using the reverse scan body protocol. Digitally designed verification jigs and prototypes were milled and used to confirm the accuracy of the scan, esthetics, and phonetics for each patient. Following the verification jig, monolithic zirconia IFCDPs were milled, assessed for fit, and delivered. Fit accuracy was evaluated through screw resistance test, visual examination, and radiographs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All 30 milled prostheses (100%) achieved an accurate fit under clinical and radiographic assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Full-arch zirconia prostheses with an accurate fit can be fabricated using extraoral scanning with the reverse scan body protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":"35 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Augmented-reality-assisted intraoral scanning: An andragogical study. 增强现实辅助口腔内扫描:一项泌尿学研究。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70054
Seung Jun Song, Brynn Gwartzman, Derek Lee, Jared Urban, Steven K Feiner, Irena Sailer

Purpose: The aims of the present study were to (a) compare the scanning time and image count to complete optical scans of a typodont between augmented-reality-assisted intraoral scanning (ARIOS) and intraoral scanning (IOS), (b) compare the precision of the scan data derived from ARIOS and IOS, (c) compare participant-related outcomes between ARIOS and IOS, and (d) evaluate the effect of andragogical training in enhancing operator proficiency.

Materials and methods: A multisession within-subject experiment was conducted to compare ARIOS and IOS. Twenty-five dental students participated in the study. A training session was done to procure familiarity with both experimental conditions. The trial session consisted of each participant performing three sets of optical scans of a typodont under ARIOS and IOS. The time required to complete the scan and the number of images taken were recorded. Participant feedback was collected by means of entry, exit, and NASA-Task Load Index surveys. Precision of the scanned data was measured in root mean square (RMS).

Results: The present study observed a 7:3 preference for ARIOS at the exit survey. Scanning efficacy from ARIOS to IOS found an 8.5% decrease in mandibular scanning time, a 10.5% decrease in maxillary scanning time, an 8.6% decrease in mandibular scanning image count, and a 9.3% decrease in maxillary image count in favor of ARIOS. Precision of the scan data between ARIOS and IOS was comparable in RMS.

Conclusion: Andragogical practice of training enhanced participants' proficiency with ARIOS. ARIOS was advantageous compared to IOS in scanning efficacy, ergonomics, ease of use, and overall workload.

目的:本研究的目的是(a)比较增强现实辅助口腔内扫描(ARIOS)和口腔内扫描(IOS)完成一种类型光学扫描的扫描时间和图像计数,(b)比较ARIOS和IOS获得的扫描数据的精度,(c)比较ARIOS和IOS之间与参与者相关的结果,以及(d)评估肛管学培训在提高操作人员熟练程度方面的效果。材料与方法:采用多时段受试者内实验对ARIOS和IOS进行比较。25名牙科专业的学生参加了这项研究。为了熟悉这两个实验条件,进行了一次训练。试验阶段包括每个参与者在ARIOS和IOS下对一个排版进行三组光学扫描。记录完成扫描所需的时间和拍摄的图像数量。参与者的反馈是通过进入、退出和nasa任务负荷指数调查来收集的。扫描数据的精度以均方根(RMS)计算。结果:本研究在出口调查中观察到ARIOS的偏好为7:3。ARIOS与IOS的扫描效果显示,ARIOS与IOS相比,下颌骨扫描时间减少8.5%,上颌扫描时间减少10.5%,下颌骨扫描图像计数减少8.6%,上颌图像计数减少9.3%。ARIOS和IOS的扫描数据精度在RMS上相当。结论:妇科实践训练提高了参与者对ARIOS的熟练程度。与IOS相比,ARIOS在扫描效率、人体工程学、易用性和总体工作量方面具有优势。
{"title":"Augmented-reality-assisted intraoral scanning: An andragogical study.","authors":"Seung Jun Song, Brynn Gwartzman, Derek Lee, Jared Urban, Steven K Feiner, Irena Sailer","doi":"10.1111/jopr.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aims of the present study were to (a) compare the scanning time and image count to complete optical scans of a typodont between augmented-reality-assisted intraoral scanning (ARIOS) and intraoral scanning (IOS), (b) compare the precision of the scan data derived from ARIOS and IOS, (c) compare participant-related outcomes between ARIOS and IOS, and (d) evaluate the effect of andragogical training in enhancing operator proficiency.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A multisession within-subject experiment was conducted to compare ARIOS and IOS. Twenty-five dental students participated in the study. A training session was done to procure familiarity with both experimental conditions. The trial session consisted of each participant performing three sets of optical scans of a typodont under ARIOS and IOS. The time required to complete the scan and the number of images taken were recorded. Participant feedback was collected by means of entry, exit, and NASA-Task Load Index surveys. Precision of the scanned data was measured in root mean square (RMS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study observed a 7:3 preference for ARIOS at the exit survey. Scanning efficacy from ARIOS to IOS found an 8.5% decrease in mandibular scanning time, a 10.5% decrease in maxillary scanning time, an 8.6% decrease in mandibular scanning image count, and a 9.3% decrease in maxillary image count in favor of ARIOS. Precision of the scan data between ARIOS and IOS was comparable in RMS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Andragogical practice of training enhanced participants' proficiency with ARIOS. ARIOS was advantageous compared to IOS in scanning efficacy, ergonomics, ease of use, and overall workload.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integration of deep learning and Bayesian networks for personalized tooth color prediction in dental esthetics: A study in Chinese Han population. 融合深度学习和贝叶斯网络的个性化牙色预测:一项针对中国汉族人群的研究。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70049
Chenglu Ruan, Jianying Xiong, Lin Wang

Purpose: The relationship between tooth color selection and individual satisfaction remains critical in dental esthetics. This study developed a hybrid approach combining deep learning with Bayesian network analysis to investigate how skin tone, age, and gender influence tooth color preferences.

Materials and methods: A total of 128 participants (62 males, 66 females; mean age 32.4 ± 7.8 years) evaluated 16 standardized smile images with different VITA classical shades. Participants included 60 dental professionals and 68 non-dental individuals. A hybrid model integrating convolutional neural networks with Bayesian networks was constructed to analyze color preferences. The model was validated through leave-one-out cross-validation and compared with traditional Bayesian analysis.

Results: The hybrid model achieved superior prediction accuracy (89.2%) compared to traditional Bayesian networks (82.5%, p < 0.01). B1, A1, and B2 shades received the highest overall ratings (8.63 ± 0.92, 8.21 ± 1.04, 7.85 ± 1.12, respectively). Males showed stronger preference for B1 shade (8.92 ± 0.78 vs. 8.37 ± 0.96 for females, p = 0.003), while females demonstrated more diverse preferences across multiple shades. Age negatively correlated with preference for lighter shades (r = -0.42, p < 0.001). Dental professionals exhibited greater discrimination between shades compared to non-dental participants (score range: 2.14-9.03 vs. 3.56-8.42, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: This novel hybrid framework significantly improved tooth color prediction accuracy compared to traditional methods. The findings provide quantitative guidance for personalized shade selection based on individual characteristics, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction in esthetic dentistry.

目的:牙齿颜色选择与个体满意度之间的关系是牙齿美学研究的重要内容。本研究开发了一种结合深度学习和贝叶斯网络分析的混合方法,以研究肤色、年龄和性别如何影响牙齿颜色偏好。材料与方法:共128名参与者(男性62人,女性66人,平均年龄32.4±7.8岁)对16张不同VITA经典色调的标准化微笑图像进行评价。参与者包括60名牙科专业人士和68名非牙科人士。建立了卷积神经网络与贝叶斯网络相结合的混合颜色偏好分析模型。通过留一交叉验证对模型进行了验证,并与传统贝叶斯分析进行了比较。结果:混合模型的预测准确率(89.2%)优于传统贝叶斯网络(82.5%,p < 0.01)。B1、A1、B2的总体评分最高(分别为8.63±0.92、8.21±1.04、7.85±1.12)。男性对B1色度的偏好更强(8.92±0.78 vs. 8.37±0.96,p = 0.003),而女性对多个色度的偏好差异更大。年龄与浅色偏好呈负相关(r = -0.42, p < 0.001)。与非牙科参与者相比,牙科专业人员在色调之间表现出更大的歧视(得分范围:2.14-9.03比3.56-8.42,p < 0.01)。结论:与传统方法相比,该混合框架可显著提高牙色预测的准确性。研究结果为基于个体特征的个性化色度选择提供了定量指导,有可能提高牙科美容的临床结果和患者满意度。
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引用次数: 0
A digital workflow for fabrication of a 3D-printed definitive obturator prosthesis and a preliminary evaluation of its clinical adaptation: A randomized self-controlled study. 3d打印最终闭孔假体的数字化工作流程及其临床适应性的初步评估:一项随机自我对照研究。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70052
Hanzhi Zhang, Jiawen Gan, Chenyuan Zhu, Ting Jiao

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a novel and efficient digital workflow for designing and manufacturing 3D-printed definitive maxillofacial obturator prostheses based on multi-source data fusion and various digital techniques, as well as to evaluate its feasibility through a randomized self-controlled study.

Materials and methods: Participants with maxillary defects were recruited for the study. A digital impression was obtained by fusing intraoral scanning data and computed tomography (CT) images. The framework and artificial-teeth-obturator were designed separately using multiple dental design software programs, fabricated through additive manufacturing (AM), and finally assembled precisely into one unit with the help of specially designed auxiliary positioning and connecting structures. For comparison, a conventional prosthesis was also made for each participant. The adaptation of both conventional and digital prostheses was evaluated and compared using the silicone rubber lining method through deviation analysis. Additionally, the chairside impression time for both conventional and digital treatments were recorded and compared.

Results: The digital workflow for designing and manufacturing maxillofacial prosthesis was successfully realized. The chairside impression time was shortened (p < 0.001). The adaptation of the digital prosthesis, including framework (349.89 ± 121.56 µm), obturator (420.08 ± 166.01 µm), and the whole prosthesis (408.36 ± 118.05 µm), proved suitable for clinical application. No statistically significant difference was observed between the digital and conventional prostheses.

Conclusion: The newly established digital workflow for the fabrication of definitive maxillofacial obturator prostheses reduced chairside impression time and the number of appointments, featuring clinically acceptable adaptation. This approach has potential for future applications in the treatment of patients with maxillofacial defects.

目的:本研究旨在基于多源数据融合和多种数字技术,开发一种新颖高效的3d打印终形颌面闭孔假体设计和制造的数字化工作流程,并通过随机自我对照研究评估其可行性。材料与方法:选取上颌缺损患者作为研究对象。通过融合口腔内扫描数据和计算机断层扫描(CT)图像获得数字印象。使用多个牙科设计软件分别设计框架和人工牙封闭器,通过增材制造(AM)制造,最后借助专门设计的辅助定位和连接结构精确组装成一个单元。为了比较,每个参与者也制作了一个传统的假体。采用硅橡胶衬里法对传统义肢和指义肢的适应性进行了评价和比较。此外,记录和比较传统和数字治疗的椅侧印象时间。结果:成功实现了颌面部假体设计制造的数字化工作流程。椅侧印象时间缩短(p < 0.001)。义肢支架(349.89±121.56µm)、闭孔(420.08±166.01µm)、全义肢(408.36±118.05µm)的适应性均适合临床应用。数字义肢与传统义肢之间无统计学差异。结论:新建立的颌面封闭假体制作数字化工作流程减少了椅侧印模时间和预约次数,具有临床可接受的适应性。该方法在颌面缺损的治疗中具有潜在的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of silicon dioxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the flexural strength and surface properties of 3D-printed denture base resins: An in vitro study. 二氧化硅和羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒对3d打印义齿基托树脂抗弯强度和表面性能的影响:体外研究。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70053
Tahani Abushowmi, Haidar Alalawi, Reem Abualsaud, Doha Alramadan, Neveen M Ayad, Sultan Akhtar, Abdul Samad Khan, Nadim Z Baba, Mohammed M Gad

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of the addition of two nanoparticles (silicon dioxide [Si-NPs] and hydroxyapatite [HA-NPs]) on the flexural strength and surface properties of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed denture base materials.

Materials and methods: In this study, Si-NP and HA-NP were added separately to two 3D-printed resins (ASIGA DentaBASE and NextDent Denture 3D+). The percentage of each nanoparticle was optimized at 0.25 and 0.50 wt%, with 3D-printed resins without nanoparticles (unmodified) as control groups. The specimens were thermally aged (5000 cycles at 5°C and 55°C). The flexural strength test of each group was conducted according to the ISO 20795-1:2013 specifications. After flexural strength, the fractured samples were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface roughness and Vickers microhardness tests were performed on disc-shaped (15 × 2 mm) samples. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test at α = 0.05.

Results: The flexural strength was significantly increased with the addition of Si-NPs to ASIGA resin (p < 0.001), while there was no significant increase with Si-NP addition to NextDent resin. The highest flexural strength value (106.75 ± 8.59 MPa) was observed for 0.5% Si-NPs/ASIGA. The flexural strength was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) for both resins with the addition of two percentages of HA-NPs. The surface roughness was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) for both Si-NPs-based groups and 0.25%-based HA-NPs, whereas 0.50% HA-NPs/ASIGA showed the highest surface roughness value (0.46 ± 0.19 µm). Nonsignificant change in microhardness value was observed, whereby the NextDent group showed the highest values compared with ASIGA.

Conclusion: Overall, Si-NP had a positive impact on 3D-printed resins, resulting in an increase in flexural strength and a reduction in surface roughness compared to the HA-NP-based groups. However, no difference was observed in the microhardness testing.

目的:本研究旨在评价和比较两种纳米颗粒(二氧化硅[Si-NPs]和羟基磷灰石[HA-NPs])的添加对三维打印义齿基托材料抗弯强度和表面性能的影响。材料和方法:在本研究中,Si-NP和HA-NP分别添加到两种3D打印树脂(ASIGA DentaBASE和NextDent Denture 3D+)中。每个纳米颗粒的百分比优化为0.25和0.50 wt%,以不含纳米颗粒的3d打印树脂(未修饰)为对照组。试样进行热老化(在5℃和55℃下进行5000次循环)。各组的抗弯强度试验按ISO 20795-1:2013规范进行。测定试样的抗弯强度后,在扫描电镜下对试样进行分析。对圆盘状(15 × 2 mm)样品进行表面粗糙度和维氏显微硬度测试。数据分析采用方差分析和Tukey事后检验,α = 0.05。结果:在ASIGA树脂中添加Si-NP可显著提高抗折强度(p < 0.001),而在NextDent树脂中添加Si-NP无显著提高抗折强度。0.5% Si-NPs/ASIGA的抗弯强度值最高(106.75±8.59 MPa)。添加两个百分比的HA-NPs后,两种树脂的抗弯强度显著降低(p < 0.001)。si - nps组和0.25% HA-NPs组的表面粗糙度均显著降低(p < 0.001),而0.50% HA-NPs/ASIGA组的表面粗糙度值最高(0.46±0.19µm)。显微硬度值无明显变化,与ASIGA组相比,NextDent组的硬度值最高。结论:总的来说,Si-NP对3d打印树脂有积极的影响,与ha - np组相比,Si-NP组的抗弯强度增加,表面粗糙度降低。然而,在显微硬度测试中没有观察到差异。
{"title":"Impact of silicon dioxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the flexural strength and surface properties of 3D-printed denture base resins: An in vitro study.","authors":"Tahani Abushowmi, Haidar Alalawi, Reem Abualsaud, Doha Alramadan, Neveen M Ayad, Sultan Akhtar, Abdul Samad Khan, Nadim Z Baba, Mohammed M Gad","doi":"10.1111/jopr.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of the addition of two nanoparticles (silicon dioxide [Si-NPs] and hydroxyapatite [HA-NPs]) on the flexural strength and surface properties of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed denture base materials.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, Si-NP and HA-NP were added separately to two 3D-printed resins (ASIGA DentaBASE and NextDent Denture 3D+). The percentage of each nanoparticle was optimized at 0.25 and 0.50 wt%, with 3D-printed resins without nanoparticles (unmodified) as control groups. The specimens were thermally aged (5000 cycles at 5°C and 55°C). The flexural strength test of each group was conducted according to the ISO 20795-1:2013 specifications. After flexural strength, the fractured samples were analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface roughness and Vickers microhardness tests were performed on disc-shaped (15 × 2 mm) samples. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test at α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The flexural strength was significantly increased with the addition of Si-NPs to ASIGA resin (p < 0.001), while there was no significant increase with Si-NP addition to NextDent resin. The highest flexural strength value (106.75 ± 8.59 MPa) was observed for 0.5% Si-NPs/ASIGA. The flexural strength was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) for both resins with the addition of two percentages of HA-NPs. The surface roughness was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) for both Si-NPs-based groups and 0.25%-based HA-NPs, whereas 0.50% HA-NPs/ASIGA showed the highest surface roughness value (0.46 ± 0.19 µm). Nonsignificant change in microhardness value was observed, whereby the NextDent group showed the highest values compared with ASIGA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, Si-NP had a positive impact on 3D-printed resins, resulting in an increase in flexural strength and a reduction in surface roughness compared to the HA-NP-based groups. However, no difference was observed in the microhardness testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145439928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marginal gap, internal fit, and fracture resistance of screw-retained single implant crowns cemented to titanium base abutments: An in vitro investigation. 螺钉保留单种植冠与钛基基基间骨水泥的边缘间隙、内部配合和抗骨折性:一项体外研究。
IF 3.4 2区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.70048
Ibrahem A AlSuhimi, Shahad A AlMudhi, Ziyad S AlMutairi, Abdulrahman A Balhaddad, Haidar Alalawi, Yousif A Al-Dulaijan, Abdullah AlShahrani, Ahmad M Al-Thobity

Purpose: To evaluate the marginal gap, internal fit, and fracture resistance of screw-retained single implant 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP zirconia crowns with different cement gap thicknesses.

Materials and methods: Forty screw-retained single implant crowns, supported by forty implants and abutments, were constructed and divided into two groups (n = 20) according to the zirconia type (3Y-TZP vs. 5Y-TZP), and then into two subgroups according to the cement gap thickness, 40 and 60 µm. The cement gap initiation point was located 1 mm from the abutment's finish line, with a standardized zero end gap. Maxillary first premolar crowns were milled, and prefabricated screw access channels were used for the titanium-base group. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: The 3Y-TZP40 (7.59 ± 0.28 µm) and 5Y-TZP40 (8.30 ± 0.50 µm) revealed less marginal gap (p < 0.001) compared to the 3Y-TZP60 (13.83 ± 0.15 µm) and 5Y-TZP60 (14.15 ± 0.59 µm). When the internal fit (µm) was evaluated, 3Y-TZP40 revealed a better internal fit compared to 3Y-TZP60 and 5Y-TZP60 in the axial area and total internal fit (p < 0.05). 3Y-TZP40 (2071.61 ± 115.89 N) and 3Y-TZP60 (2091.36 ± 44.12 N) revealed higher (p < 0.01) fracture resistance than 5Y-TZP40 (1634.80 ± 105.10 N) and 5Y-TZP60 (1655.32 ± 43.34 N). The two-way ANOVA revealed that cement gap thickness was a significant factor (p < 0.05) when measuring the marginal gap and axial and total internal fit. The type of zirconia was significant in the marginal gap and fracture resistance.

Conclusion: 3Y-TZP exhibits superior fracture resistance to 5Y-TZP. A thinner cement gap enhances marginal adaptation and internal fit, which can improve clinical longevity.

目的:评价不同骨水泥间隙厚度的3Y-TZP和5Y-TZP单种植螺钉保留氧化锆冠的边缘间隙、内配合度和抗骨折性。材料和方法:制作40个螺钉固定的单种植体冠,由40个种植体和基台支撑,根据氧化锆类型(3Y-TZP vs. 5Y-TZP)分为两组(n = 20),再根据水泥间隙厚度(40和60µm)分为两亚组。水泥间隙起始点位于距基台终点线1mm处,具有标准化的零端间隙。磨光上颌第一前磨牙冠,钛基组采用预制螺钉通道。采用方差分析和Tukey检验对数据进行分析。结果:与3Y-TZP60(13.83±0.15µm)和5Y-TZP60(14.15±0.59µm)相比,3Y-TZP40(7.59±0.28µm)和5Y-TZP40(8.30±0.50µm)的边缘间隙较小(p < 0.001)。当评估内拟合(µm)时,3Y-TZP40在轴向面积和总内拟合上优于3Y-TZP60和5Y-TZP60 (p < 0.05)。3Y-TZP40(2071.61±115.89 N)和3Y-TZP60(2091.36±44.12 N)的抗裂性高于5Y-TZP40(1634.80±105.10 N)和5Y-TZP60(1655.32±43.34 N) (p < 0.01)。双向方差分析显示,水泥间隙厚度是测量边缘间隙、轴向和总内配合的显著因素(p < 0.05)。氧化锆的类型在边缘间隙和抗断裂性方面具有重要意义。结论:3Y-TZP的抗骨折性优于5Y-TZP。更细的骨水泥间隙可以增强边缘适应和内部配合,提高临床寿命。
{"title":"Marginal gap, internal fit, and fracture resistance of screw-retained single implant crowns cemented to titanium base abutments: An in vitro investigation.","authors":"Ibrahem A AlSuhimi, Shahad A AlMudhi, Ziyad S AlMutairi, Abdulrahman A Balhaddad, Haidar Alalawi, Yousif A Al-Dulaijan, Abdullah AlShahrani, Ahmad M Al-Thobity","doi":"10.1111/jopr.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the marginal gap, internal fit, and fracture resistance of screw-retained single implant 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP zirconia crowns with different cement gap thicknesses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty screw-retained single implant crowns, supported by forty implants and abutments, were constructed and divided into two groups (n = 20) according to the zirconia type (3Y-TZP vs. 5Y-TZP), and then into two subgroups according to the cement gap thickness, 40 and 60 µm. The cement gap initiation point was located 1 mm from the abutment's finish line, with a standardized zero end gap. Maxillary first premolar crowns were milled, and prefabricated screw access channels were used for the titanium-base group. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3Y-TZP40 (7.59 ± 0.28 µm) and 5Y-TZP40 (8.30 ± 0.50 µm) revealed less marginal gap (p < 0.001) compared to the 3Y-TZP60 (13.83 ± 0.15 µm) and 5Y-TZP60 (14.15 ± 0.59 µm). When the internal fit (µm) was evaluated, 3Y-TZP40 revealed a better internal fit compared to 3Y-TZP60 and 5Y-TZP60 in the axial area and total internal fit (p < 0.05). 3Y-TZP40 (2071.61 ± 115.89 N) and 3Y-TZP60 (2091.36 ± 44.12 N) revealed higher (p < 0.01) fracture resistance than 5Y-TZP40 (1634.80 ± 105.10 N) and 5Y-TZP60 (1655.32 ± 43.34 N). The two-way ANOVA revealed that cement gap thickness was a significant factor (p < 0.05) when measuring the marginal gap and axial and total internal fit. The type of zirconia was significant in the marginal gap and fracture resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>3Y-TZP exhibits superior fracture resistance to 5Y-TZP. A thinner cement gap enhances marginal adaptation and internal fit, which can improve clinical longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49152,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145373210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry
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