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Computational Analyses Reveal Deregulated Clock Genes Associated with Breast Cancer Development in Night Shift Workers 计算分析揭示了与夜班工人乳腺癌发病有关的时钟基因失调
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168659
Silvia Vivarelli, Giovanna Spatari, Chiara Costa, Federica Giambò, Concettina Fenga
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Women employed in shift jobs face heightened BC risk due to prolonged exposure to night shift work (NSW), classified as potentially carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This risk is linked to disruptions in circadian rhythms governed by clock genes at the cellular level. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to assess clock genes as potential BC biomarkers among women exposed to long-term NSW. Clock gene expression was analysed in paired BC and normal breast tissues within Nurses’ Health Studies I and II GEO datasets. Validation was performed on additional gene expression datasets from healthy night shift workers and women with varying BC susceptibility, as well as single-cell sequencing datasets. Post-transcriptional regulators of clock genes were identified through miRNA analyses. Significant alterations in clock gene expression in BC compared to normal tissues were found. BHLHE40, CIART, CLOCK, PDPK1, and TIMELESS were over-expressed, while HLF, NFIL3, NPAS3, PER1, PER3, SIM1, and TEF were under-expressed. The downregulation of PER1 and TEF and upregulation of CLOCK correlated with increased BC risk in healthy women. Also, twenty-six miRNAs, including miR-10a, miR-21, miR-107, and miR-34, were identified as potential post-transcriptional regulators influenced by NSW. In conclusion, a panel of clock genes and circadian miRNAs are suggested as BC susceptibility biomarkers among night shift workers, supporting implications for risk stratification and early detection strategies.
乳腺癌(BC)是全球妇女癌症死亡的主要原因。由于长期从事夜班工作(NSW),从事轮班工作的妇女面临着更高的乳腺癌风险,国际癌症研究机构(IARC)将其归类为潜在致癌物。这种风险与细胞水平上由时钟基因控制的昼夜节律紊乱有关。然而,其分子机制尚不清楚。这项研究的目的是评估作为潜在 BC 生物标志物的时钟基因在长期暴露于新南威尔士州的女性中的作用。该研究分析了护士健康研究 I 和 II GEO 数据集中成对的 BC 和正常乳腺组织中的时钟基因表达。此外,还对来自健康夜班工人和具有不同乳腺癌易感性的女性的基因表达数据集以及单细胞测序数据集进行了验证。通过 miRNA 分析确定了时钟基因的转录后调控因子。与正常组织相比,发现 BC 中的时钟基因表达发生了显著变化。BHLHE40、CIART、CLOCK、PDPK1和TIMELESS过度表达,而HLF、NFIL3、NPAS3、PER1、PER3、SIM1和TEF表达不足。在健康女性中,PER1 和 TEF 的下调以及 CLOCK 的上调与 BC 风险的增加有关。此外,包括 miR-10a、miR-21、miR-107 和 miR-34 在内的 26 个 miRNA 被确定为受 NSW 影响的潜在转录后调节因子。总之,一组时钟基因和昼夜节律miRNA被认为是夜班工作者的BC易感性生物标志物,对风险分层和早期检测策略具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Extracellular Histones and Absence of Toll-like Receptors on Cardiac Functional and Electrical Disturbances in Mouse Hearts 细胞外组蛋白和 Toll 样受体缺失对小鼠心脏功能和心电紊乱的影响
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168653
Randall Loaiza, F. Fattahi, M. Kalbitz, Jamison J. Grailer, Mark W. Russell, José Jalife, Héctor H. Valdivia, F. Zetoune, Peter A. Ward
In polymicrobial sepsis, the extracellular histones, mainly released from activated neutrophils, significantly contribute to cardiac dysfunction (septic cardiomyopathy), as demonstrated in our previous studies using Echo-Doppler measurements. This study aims to elucidate the roles of extracellular histones and their interactions with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cardiac dysfunction. Through ex vivo assessments of ECG, left ventricle (LV) function parameters, and in vivo Echo-Doppler studies in mice perfused with extracellular histones, we aim to provide comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Langendorff-perfused hearts from both wild-type and TLR2, TLR3, or TLR4 knockout (KO) mice were examined. Paced mouse hearts were perfused with histones to assess contractility and relaxation. Echo-Doppler studies evaluated cardiac dysfunction after intravenous histone injection. Histone perfusion caused defects in contractility and relaxation, with TLR2 and TLR3 KO mice being partially protected. Specifically, TLR2 KO mice exhibited the greatest reduction in Echo-Doppler abnormalities, while TLR4 KO exacerbated cardiac dysfunction. Among individual histones, H1 induced the most pronounced abnormalities in cardiac function, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and LDH release. Our data highlight significant interactions between histones and TLRs, providing insights into histones especially H1 as potential therapeutic targets for septic cardiomyopathy. Further studies are needed to explore specific histone–TLR interactions and their mechanisms.
在多微生物败血症中,细胞外组蛋白(主要由活化的中性粒细胞释放)在很大程度上导致了心脏功能障碍(脓毒性心肌病),这在我们之前使用回声多普勒测量法进行的研究中得到了证实。本研究旨在阐明细胞外组蛋白及其与 Toll 样受体(TLRs)的相互作用在心脏功能障碍中的作用。通过对灌注了细胞外组蛋白的小鼠进行心电图、左心室(LV)功能参数的体外评估和体内回声多普勒研究,我们旨在全面了解脓毒症诱发心功能不全的机制。我们对野生型小鼠和 TLR2、TLR3 或 TLR4 基因敲除(KO)小鼠的 Langendorff 灌注心脏进行了研究。用组蛋白灌注起搏的小鼠心脏,以评估收缩力和松弛力。回声多普勒研究评估了静脉注射组蛋白后的心脏功能障碍。组蛋白灌注导致收缩力和舒张力缺陷,TLR2 和 TLR3 KO 小鼠受到部分保护。具体来说,TLR2 KO小鼠的回声多普勒异常减少幅度最大,而TLR4 KO则加剧了心脏功能障碍。在单个组蛋白中,H1诱导的心脏功能异常、心肌细胞凋亡和 LDH 释放最为明显。我们的数据强调了组蛋白与 TLRs 之间的重要相互作用,为组蛋白尤其是 H1 作为脓毒症心肌病的潜在治疗靶点提供了启示。我们还需要进一步研究组蛋白与 TLR 的具体相互作用及其机制。
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引用次数: 0
Sex-Specific Differences in Kidney Function and Blood Pressure Regulation 肾功能和血压调节的性别差异
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168637
Eleni Stamellou, Viktor Sterzer, Jessica Alam, Stefanos Roumeliotis, Vasillios Liakopoulos, E. Dounousi
Premenopausal women generally exhibit lower blood pressure and a lower prevalence of hypertension than men of the same age, but these differences reverse postmenopause due to estrogen withdrawal. Sexual dimorphism has been described in different components of kidney physiology and pathophysiology, including the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, endothelin system, and tubular transporters. This review explores the sex-specific differences in kidney function and blood pressure regulation. Understanding these differences provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing hypertension and kidney diseases, considering the patient’s sex and hormonal status.
与同龄男性相比,绝经前女性的血压通常较低,高血压发病率也较低,但绝经后由于雌激素的减少,这些差异会逆转。肾脏生理和病理生理学的不同组成部分,包括肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统、内皮素系统和肾小管转运体,都存在性别双态性。本综述探讨了肾功能和血压调节方面的性别差异。通过了解这些差异,我们可以深入了解管理高血压和肾脏疾病的潜在治疗目标,同时考虑到患者的性别和荷尔蒙状态。
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引用次数: 0
Specific Deletions of Chromosomes 3p, 5q, 13q, and 21q among Patients with G2 Grade of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 非小细胞肺癌 G2 级患者中 3p、5q、13q 和 21q 染色体的特定缺失情况
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168642
Agata Kolecka-Bednarczyk, M. Frydrychowicz, B. Budny, M. Ruciński, Claudia Dompe, Piotr Gabryel, B. Płachno, M. Ruchała, K. Ziemnicka, Paweł Zieliński, Joanna Budna-Tukan
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leads as a primary cause of cancer-related premature mortality in Western populations. This study leverages cutting-edge gene-expression-profiling technologies to perform an in-depth molecular characterization of NSCLC specimens, with the objective of uncovering tumor-specific genomic alterations. By employing DNA microarray analysis, our research aims to refine the classification of NSCLC for early detection, guide molecular-targeted treatment approaches, enhance prognostication, and broaden the scientific understanding of the disease’s biology. We identified widespread genomic abnormalities in our samples, including the recurrent loss of chromosomal regions 3p, 5q, 13q, and 21q and the gain of 12p. Furthermore, utilizing Metascape for bioinformatic analysis revealed critical biological pathways disrupted in NSCLC, offering promising leads for novel therapeutic interventions.
在西方人群中,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)是导致癌症相关过早死亡的主要原因。本研究利用最先进的基因表达谱分析技术,对 NSCLC 标本进行了深入的分子特征描述,旨在发现肿瘤特异性基因组改变。通过DNA芯片分析,我们的研究旨在完善NSCLC的分类,以便早期发现,指导分子靶向治疗方法,改善预后,并拓宽对该疾病生物学的科学认识。我们在样本中发现了广泛的基因组异常,包括染色体3p、5q、13q和21q区的反复缺失和12p区的增益。此外,利用 Metascape 进行的生物信息分析揭示了 NSCLC 中被破坏的关键生物通路,为新型治疗干预提供了有希望的线索。
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引用次数: 0
Integrating 16S rRNA Sequencing, Microflora Metabolism, and Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Mechanism of SBL in Alleviating HDM-Induced Allergic Rhinitis 结合 16S rRNA 测序、微生物代谢和网络药理学研究 SBL 在缓解 HDM 引起的过敏性鼻炎中的作用机制
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168655
Peiting Li, Sharon Sze-Man Hon, M. S. Tsang, Lea Ling-Yu Kan, Andrea Yin-Tung Lai, B. Chan, P. Leung, Chun-Kwok Wong
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a series of allergic reactions to allergens in the nasal mucosa and is one of the most common allergic diseases that affect both children and adults. Shi-Bi-Lin (SBL) is the modified formula of Cang Er Zi San (CEZS), a traditional Chinese herbal formula used for treating AR. Our study aims to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of SBL in house dust mite-induced AR by regulating gut microflora metabolism. In vivo studies showed that nasal allergies and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the nasal epithelium were significantly suppressed by SBL. Moreover, SBL restored the impaired nasal epithelial barrier function with an increased tight junction protein expression and reduced the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Interestingly, SBL significantly reconstituted the abundance and composition of gut microbiota in AR mice; it increased the relative abundance of potentially beneficial genera and decreased the relative abundance of harmful genera. SBL also restored immune-related metabolisms, which were significantly increased and correlated with suppressing inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, a network analysis and molecular docking indicated IL-6 was a possible target drug candidate for the SBL treatment. SBL dramatically reduced the IL-6 level in the nasal lavage fluid (NALF), suppressing the IL-6 downstream Erk1/2 and AKT/PI3K signaling pathways. In conclusion, our study integrates 16S rRNA sequencing, microflora metabolism, and network pharmacology to explain the immune mechanism of SBL in alleviating HDM-induced allergic rhinitis.
过敏性鼻炎(AR)是鼻粘膜对过敏原的一系列过敏反应,是影响儿童和成人的最常见过敏性疾病之一。石鳖灵(SBL)是苍耳子散(CEZS)的改良方,苍耳子散是一种用于治疗过敏性鼻炎的传统中药配方。我们的研究旨在阐明石鳖灵通过调节肠道微生物菌群代谢对屋尘螨诱发的 AR 的抗炎作用和机制。体内研究表明,SBL 能显著抑制鼻过敏和鼻上皮炎症细胞的浸润。此外,SBL 还能恢复受损的鼻上皮屏障功能,增加紧密连接蛋白的表达,减少内皮一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)。有趣的是,SBL 显著重建了 AR 小鼠肠道微生物群的丰度和组成;它增加了潜在有益菌属的相对丰度,降低了有害菌属的相对丰度。SBL 还恢复了免疫相关代谢,这些代谢显著增加,并与炎症细胞因子的抑制相关。此外,网络分析和分子对接表明 IL-6 可能是 SBL 治疗的候选靶标药物。SBL 显著降低了鼻腔灌洗液(NALF)中的 IL-6 水平,抑制了 IL-6 下游的 Erk1/2 和 AKT/PI3K 信号通路。总之,我们的研究综合了16S rRNA测序、微生物菌群代谢和网络药理学,解释了SBL缓解HDM诱发的过敏性鼻炎的免疫机制。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Thermal Treatment Intensity on Proteins, Fatty Acids, Macro/Micro-Nutrients, Flavor, and Heating Markers of Milk—A Comprehensive Review 热处理强度对牛奶中蛋白质、脂肪酸、宏/微量营养素、风味和加热标记的影响--综合评述
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168670
Yi Wang, Ran Xiao, Shiqi Liu, Pengjie Wang, Yinhua Zhu, Tianjiao Niu, Han Chen
Milk thermal treatment, such as pasteurization, high-temperature short-time processing, and the emerging ultra-short-time processing (<0.5 s), are crucial for ensuring milk safety and extending its shelf life. Milk is a nutritive food matrix with various macro/micro-nutrients and other constituents that are possibly affected by thermal treatment for reasons associated with processing strength. Therefore, understanding the relationship between heating strength and milk quality is vital for the dairy industry. This review summarizes the impact of thermal treatment strength on milk’s nutritional and sensory properties, the synthesizing of the structural integrity and bioavailability of milk proteins, the profile and stability of fatty acids, the retention of macro/micro-nutrients, as well as the overall flavor profile. Additionally, it examines the formation of heat-induced markers, such as Maillard reaction products, lactulose, furosine, and alkaline phosphatase activity, which serve as indicators of heating intensity. Flavor and heating markers are commonly used to assess the quality of pasteurized milk. By examining former studies, we conclude that ultra-short-time-processing-treated milk is comparable to pasteurized milk in terms of specific parameters (such as whey protein behavior, furosine, and ALP contents). This review aims to better summarize how thermal treatments influence the milk matrix, guiding the dairy industry’s development and balancing milk products’ safety and nutritional value.
牛奶热处理,如巴氏杀菌、高温短时间加工和新兴的超短时间加工(<0.5 秒),对于确保牛奶安全和延长其保质期至关重要。牛奶是一种营养丰富的食品基质,含有各种宏/微量营养素和其他成分,热处理可能会影响这些成分,原因与加工强度有关。因此,了解加热强度与牛奶质量之间的关系对乳制品行业至关重要。本综述总结了热处理强度对牛奶营养和感官特性的影响、牛奶蛋白质结构完整性和生物利用率的合成、脂肪酸的特征和稳定性、宏/微量营养素的保留以及整体风味特征。此外,它还检查热诱导标记物的形成情况,如马氏反应产物、乳糖、糠酸和碱性磷酸酶活性,这些标记物可作为加热强度的指标。风味和加热标记通常用于评估巴氏杀菌奶的质量。通过考察以前的研究,我们得出结论,超短时间加工处理过的牛奶在特定参数(如乳清蛋白行为、糠酸和 ALP 含量)方面与巴氏杀菌奶相当。本综述旨在更好地总结热处理如何影响牛奶基质,从而指导乳制品行业的发展,平衡牛奶产品的安全性和营养价值。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Response to Medical Treatment in Acromegaly via Granulation Pattern, Expression of Somatostatin Receptors Type 2 and 5 and E-Cadherin 通过肉芽形态、2 型和 5 型生长抑素受体以及 E-Cadherin 的表达预测肢端肥大症的治疗反应
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168663
M. Gliga, L. Chinezu, I. M. Pascanu
Resistance to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligand (fgSRL) treatment in acromegaly is common, making the identification of biomarkers that predict fgSRL response a desired goal. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 21 patients with acromegaly who underwent surgery and subsequent pharmacological treatment. Through immunohistochemistry (IHC), we assessed the expression of the somatostatin receptor subtypes SSTR2 and SSTR5, E-Cadherin, and cytokeratin granulation pattern (sparsely or densely). Patients were divided into responders and non-responders based on their biochemical response to fgSRL and/or the newer agent, Pasireotide, or the GH-blocker, Pegvisomant. Patients resistant to fgSRL (n = 12) exhibited lower SSTR2 and E-Cadherin expressions. Sparsely granulated tumors were more frequent in the non-responder group. SSTR2 (p = 0.024, r = 0.49) and E-Cadherin (p = 0.009, r = 0.64) positively correlated with the Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) decrease after fgSRL, while SSTR5 (p = 0.107, r = −0.37) showed a trend towards negative correlation. SSTR5 positivity seemed to be associated with Pasireotide response, albeit the number of treated patients was too low (n = 4). No IHC markers correlated with Pegvisomant response. Our findings suggest that densely granulated tumors, with positive SSTR2 and E-Cadherin seem to be associated with favorable fgSRL responses. The strongest predictive value of the studied markers was found for E-Cadherin, which seems to surpass even SSTR2.
肢端肥大症患者对第一代体生长抑素受体配体(fgSRL)治疗的耐药性很常见,因此鉴定能预测fgSRL反应的生物标志物是一个理想的目标。我们对 21 例接受手术和后续药物治疗的肢端肥大症患者进行了回顾性分析。通过免疫组化(IHC),我们评估了体生长抑素受体亚型 SSTR2 和 SSTR5、E-Cadherin 和细胞角蛋白肉芽模式(稀疏或密集)的表达。根据患者对 fgSRL 和/或新药 Pasireotide 或 GH 阻断剂 Pegvisomant 的生化反应,将患者分为有反应者和无反应者。对fgSRL耐药的患者(n = 12)表现出较低的SSTR2和E-Cadherin表达。非耐药组中稀疏肉芽肿更为常见。SSTR2(p = 0.024,r = 0.49)和E-Cadherin(p = 0.009,r = 0.64)与fgSRL后胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)的下降呈正相关,而SSTR5(p = 0.107,r = -0.37)呈负相关趋势。SSTR5 阳性似乎与帕西瑞肽反应有关,尽管接受治疗的患者人数太少(n = 4)。没有 IHC 标记与培维索坦反应相关。我们的研究结果表明,肿瘤颗粒密集、SSTR2 和 E-Cadherin 阳性似乎与良好的 fgSRL 反应相关。在所研究的标记物中,E-Cadherin 的预测价值最高,甚至超过了 SSTR2。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of PCNA Stability on the Formation of Mutations PCNA 稳定性对突变形成的影响
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168646
Matan Arbel-Groissman, Batia Liefshitz, M. Kupiec
The fidelity of replication, especially in the presence of DNA damage, is essential for the proper function of cells. Mutations that inactivate genes involved in DNA damage repair or bypass are enriched in several types of cancer cells. Thus, it is important to further our understanding of the mechanisms governing replication fidelity. PCNA is a ring-shaped complex that encircles DNA at the front of the replication fork, at the double-stranded/single-stranded DNA junction. It serves as a processivity factor for the different DNA replication polymerases, allowing them to replicate longer stretches of DNA by physically tethering them to the DNA and preventing their detachment. In addition, PCNA also regulates and coordinates different DNA damage bypass pathways meant to allow DNA replication in the presence of DNA damage. Due to its essentiality and the numerous functions it has in the cell, much is still unclear about PCNA. Here, we utilize PCNA mutants that lower the stability of the PCNA complex on the chromatin, and thus tend to disassociate and fall from the DNA. Using these mutants, we show that PCNA’s physical presence on the DNA can prevent DNA misalignment at repetitive sequences, leading to increased mutation formation. We also show that PCNA-interacting proteins play an important role in strengthening the ring’s stability on the chromatin. Such repetitive sequence-induced mutations are common in several human diseases and it is important to study their formation and the mechanisms guarding against them.
复制的保真度,尤其是在 DNA 受损的情况下,对细胞的正常功能至关重要。在几种类型的癌细胞中,使参与 DNA 损伤修复或旁路的基因失活的突变很常见。因此,进一步了解制约复制保真度的机制非常重要。PCNA 是一种环形复合物,在复制叉的前端、双链/单链 DNA 交界处环绕 DNA。它是不同 DNA 复制聚合酶的加工因子,通过将聚合酶物理性地拴在 DNA 上并防止其脱离,使它们能够复制更长的 DNA 片段。此外,PCNA 还能调节和协调不同的 DNA 损伤旁路途径,以便在 DNA 受损时进行 DNA 复制。由于 PCNA 在细胞中的重要性和众多功能,人们对它仍有许多不清楚的地方。在这里,我们利用 PCNA 突变体,这些突变体会降低 PCNA 复合物在染色质上的稳定性,从而容易从 DNA 上分离和脱落。利用这些突变体,我们发现 PCNA 在 DNA 上的物理存在可以防止重复序列上的 DNA 错位,从而增加突变的形成。我们还发现,与 PCNA 相互作用的蛋白质在加强环在染色质上的稳定性方面发挥了重要作用。这种由重复序列诱发的突变在多种人类疾病中很常见,因此研究它们的形成和防范机制非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in Millimeter-Wave Treatment and Its Biological Effects Development 毫米波处理及其生物效应发展的进展
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168638
Rui Jing, Zhenqi Jiang, Xiaoying Tang
This comprehensive review critically examines the current state of research on the biological effects of millimeter-wave (MMW) therapy and its potential implications for disease treatment. By investigating both the thermal and non-thermal impacts of MMWs, we elucidate cellular-level alterations, including changes in ion channels and signaling pathways. Our analysis encompasses MMW’s therapeutic prospects in oncology, such as inducing apoptosis, managing pain, and modulating immunity through cytokine regulation and immune cell activation. By employing a rigorous methodology involving an extensive database search and stringent inclusion criteria, we emphasize the need for standardized protocols to enhance the reliability of future research. Although MMWs exhibit promising therapeutic potential, our findings highlight the urgent need for further elucidation of non-thermal mechanisms and rigorous safety assessments, considering the intricate nature of MMW interactions and inconsistent study outcomes. This review underscores the importance of focused research on the biological mechanisms of MMWs and the identification of optimal frequencies to fully harness their therapeutic capabilities. However, we acknowledge the challenges of variable study quality and the necessity for advanced quality control measures to ensure the reproducibility and comparability of future investigations. In conclusion, while MMW therapy holds promise as a novel therapeutic modality, further research is imperative to unravel its complex biological effects, establish safety profiles, and optimize treatment protocols before widespread clinical application.
这篇综合评论批判性地审视了有关毫米波(MMW)疗法的生物效应及其对疾病治疗的潜在影响的研究现状。通过研究毫米波的热效应和非热效应,我们阐明了细胞层面的变化,包括离子通道和信号通路的变化。我们的分析涵盖了 MMW 在肿瘤学方面的治疗前景,例如诱导细胞凋亡、控制疼痛以及通过细胞因子调节和免疫细胞激活来调节免疫。通过采用严格的方法,包括广泛的数据库搜索和严格的纳入标准,我们强调了标准化方案的必要性,以提高未来研究的可靠性。尽管 MMWs 具有良好的治疗潜力,但考虑到 MMW 相互作用的复杂性和研究结果的不一致性,我们的研究结果强调了进一步阐明非热机制和严格安全评估的迫切需要。本综述强调了集中研究多磁场微波的生物机制和确定最佳频率以充分利用其治疗能力的重要性。不过,我们也认识到研究质量参差不齐所带来的挑战,以及采取先进的质量控制措施以确保未来研究的可重复性和可比性的必要性。总之,尽管微波治疗有望成为一种新型治疗方式,但在广泛临床应用之前,必须开展进一步的研究,以揭示其复杂的生物效应、建立安全档案并优化治疗方案。
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引用次数: 0
A Combined Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Monkeypox Virus A23 Protein on HEK293T Cells 猴痘病毒 A23 蛋白在 HEK293T 细胞上的转录组和蛋白质组联合分析
IF 4.9 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168678
Yihao Wang, Yihan Li, Mingzhi Li, Keyi Wang, Jiaqi Xiong, Ting Wang, Yu Wang, Yunli Guo, Lingbao Kong, Meifeng Li
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a cross-kingdom pathogen infecting both humans and wildlife, which poses a significant health risk to the public. Although MPXV attracts broad attention, there is a lack of adequate studies to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with viral infections. In this study, a high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach was used to explore the transcriptional and metabolic responses of MPXV A23 protein to HEK293T cells. The protein–protein interactions and signaling pathways were conducted by GO and KEGG analyses. The localization of A23 protein in HEK293T cells was detected by immunofluorescence. A total of 648 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in cells by RNA-Seq, including 314 upregulated genes and 334 downregulated genes. Additionally, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detected 115 cellular proteins that interact with the A23 proteins. Transcriptomic sequencing analysis revealed that transfection of MPXV A23 protein modulated genes primarily associated with cellular apoptosis and DNA damage repair. Proteomic analysis indicated that this protein primarily interacted with host ribosomal proteins and histones. Following the identification of the nuclear localization sequence RKKR within the A23 protein, a truncated mutant A23ΔRKKR was constructed to investigate the subcellular localization of A23 protein. The wild-type A23 protein exhibits a significantly higher nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, exceeding 1.5, in contrast to the mutant A23ΔRKKR, which has a ratio of approximately 1. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the A23 protein was mainly localized in the nucleus. The integration of transcriptomics and proteomics analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between MPXV A23 protein and the host. Our findings highlight the potential role of this enzyme in suppressing host antiviral immune responses and modulating host gene expression.
猴痘病毒(MPXV)是一种跨领域病原体,可感染人类和野生动物,对公众健康构成重大威胁。虽然 MPXV 引起了广泛关注,但目前还缺乏足够的研究来阐明与病毒感染相关的致病机制。本研究采用高通量 RNA 测序(RNA-seq)和液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法探讨了 MPXV A23 蛋白对 HEK293T 细胞的转录和代谢反应。通过 GO 和 KEGG 分析了蛋白质之间的相互作用和信号通路。免疫荧光法检测了 A23 蛋白在 HEK293T 细胞中的定位。通过RNA-Seq共鉴定出648个差异表达基因(DEGs),包括314个上调基因和334个下调基因。此外,液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测到 115 种与 A23 蛋白相互作用的细胞蛋白。转录组测序分析表明,转染 MPXV A23 蛋白可调节主要与细胞凋亡和 DNA 损伤修复相关的基因。蛋白质组分析表明,该蛋白主要与宿主核糖体蛋白和组蛋白相互作用。在确定了A23蛋白的核定位序列RKKR之后,我们构建了一个截短突变体A23ΔRKKR,以研究A23蛋白的亚细胞定位。野生型 A23 蛋白的细胞核与细胞质比例明显高于野生型,超过 1.5,而突变体 A23ΔRKKR 的细胞核与细胞质比例约为 1。通过整合转录组学和蛋白质组学分析,我们对 MPXV A23 蛋白与宿主之间的相互作用有了全面的了解。我们的研究结果凸显了这种酶在抑制宿主抗病毒免疫反应和调节宿主基因表达方面的潜在作用。
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