Human Cell最新文献

We aimed to generate immortalized stromal cell lines from the ovarian and fallopian tube tissues of a single patient using Sendai virus (SeV) vectors and identify candidate stromal genes involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. Tissues were collected from a 48-year-old woman with endometrioid borderline tumors and endometriomas. Primary cultures were established from the right ovarian endometrioma, left ovarian surface, bilateral fallopian tube, and endometrial surface. Immortalization was achieved using SeV vectors encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi-1), and Simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40T). Morphologically, the established cells exhibited spindle-shaped fibroblast-like features and expressed stromal markers (Vimentin-positive, Keratin-negative), confirming their stromal origin. Genetic and molecular changes associated with immortalization were evaluated via chromosomal analyses, transcriptome sequencing, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). SeV-infected stromal cell lines retained their proliferative capacity for over 25 passages, whereas non-infected primary cells lost their epithelial characteristics and underwent senescence after five passages. Chromosomal abnormalities were more prevalent in stromal cells derived from the ovarian endometriomas, suggesting early genomic instability. Transcriptomic profiling and RT-PCR revealed upregulation of matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 in cyst-derived stromal cells compared to those from the normal ovary and fallopian tube, implicating these genes in extracellular matrix remodeling and tumor-stroma crosstalk. We established immortalized ovarian and fallopian tube stromal cell lines using SeV-based vectors. The cyst-derived stromal cells exhibited early chromosomal instability and overexpression of MMP1 and PAPPA, supporting their potential role in ovarian carcinogenesis. These immortalized stromal cell lines provide a novel and stable platform for mechanistic studies and may contribute to biomarker discovery and therapeutic target development in ovarian cancer.

Dead-box RNA helicases (DDXs) are a family of proteins with roles in RNA metabolism, regulating processes such as RNA splicing, translation, and ribosome assembly. Recently, their functions have expanded to include essential roles in autophagy-a cellular degradation pathway crucial for maintaining homeostasis-and oncogenesis, notably in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is characterized by rapid proliferation, invasiveness, and resistance to conventional treatments, making it a formidable clinical challenge. Emerging evidence suggests that specific DDXs may influence multiple key pathways that contribute to gliomagenesis, the process of glioma formation including cell cycle regulation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, immune modulation, anti-inflammatory signaling, and autophagy. Understanding the dual role of DDXs in autophagy and gliomagenesis may reveal potential therapeutic targets, as manipulating these helicases could disrupt cancer cell adaptation mechanisms and slow tumor progression. We have also explored the potential of autophagy inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of current therapeutics. This review aims to explore the implications of DDXs in glioblastoma, focusing on their interactions with cellular pathways, and highlights the need for further investigation into how these proteins could be leveraged for therapeutic benefit.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma, and exploration of its molecular mechanism benefits for developing more effective molecular targeted drugs. CDC6 has been found to be highly expressed in a variety of malignancies and plays oncogenic role; however, its function in ccRCC has not been elucidated. In this work, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect protein expression of genes in clinical tissues. qPCR and WB were used for expression detection of mRNA and protein levels in cells. The Celigo assay, plate cloning assay, flow cytometry, and wound-healing/Transwell assays were used to detect cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, and migration, respectively. A subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice was used to verify the function of CDC6 in vivo. The results of clinical sample-related detection as well as analysis showed that CDC6 was highly expressed in ccRCC and was significantly associated with higher tumor malignancy as well as worse patients' prognosis. Knockdown of CDC6 in ccRCC cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration while promoting apoptosis, and inhibited in vivo growth of transplanted tumors in animal models. Mechanistically, RRM2 is identified as a potential downstream effector molecule that has co-expression characteristics with CDC6 and whose expression levels are regulated by it. More importantly, RRM2 knockdown mediated tumor suppression could partially reversed CDC6 overexpression induced tumor promotion. This study identified CDC6/RRM2 axis as a potential target for development of novel targeted therapy for ccRCC treatment.

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most prevalent mRNA internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs and is frequently associated with progression and immune response in human cancers. This study delves into the function of m⁶A reader insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) in the immune evasion and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), along with its underpinning mechanisms. We conducted integrated bioinformatics to examine m⁶A-modifying regulators and their prognostic values in LSCC. IGF2BP3 was identified as a promising candidate, which was verified to be highly expressed in LSCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, the aberrant IGF2BP3 upregulation in the context of LSCC was found to be partly ascribed to DNA hypomethylation. IGF2BP3 was found to elevate RMND5A expression in an m⁶A-dependent manner. Silencing either IGF2BP3 or RMND5A significantly decreased the viability, colony formation ability, and tumorigenicity of LSCC cells. Moreover, this intervention reduced the protein level of PD-L1 in cells while increasing CD8⁺ T cell infiltration in xenograft tumors. However, further upregulation of RMND5A negated the tumor-suppressive and immune-enhancing effects observed upon IGF2BP3 silencing. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that IGF2BP3 elevates RMND5A expression through m⁶A modification, thereby promoting malignant properties and immune evasion in LSCC cells.

Radioresistance of adenocarcinoma cells limits the efficiency of radiotherapy. In addition to the cell nucleus, ionizing radiation (IR) also induces damage to the mitochondria. Mitophagy, a selective degradation of impaired mitochondria via autophagy, has been found to respond to IR, but its role in the radiosensitivity of adenocarcinoma cells remains unclear. Using several different adenocarcinoma cell lines, we confirmed that exposing the adenocarcinoma cells to 5 Gy X-ray enhanced the expression of some mitophagy receptors and increased mitophagy activity. However, pharmacological inhibition of mitophagy by mdivi-1 did not significantly change the radiosensitivity of HCT116 and A549 cells. Similarly, molecular targeting inhibition of mitophagy by BNIP3L knockdown in HCT116 and A549 cells that showed significant IR-induced BNIP3L up-regulation did also not significantly affect the radiosensitivity of adenocarcinoma cells, although the IR-induced enhancement of mitophagy activity was effectively suppressed. According to our data, mitophagy is responsible to IR but plays a very limited role in the radiosensitivity of adenocarcinoma cells. Further in vivo studies are warranted to elucidate the radiosensitizing effect of targeting mitophagy on malignant tumors.

In vitro models of acute leukemia are crucial for understanding its biology and developing effective treatments. The authors have established and characterized a novel cell line, ICH-BCPALL-3, which expresses the TCF3::HLF fusion from B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). The karyotype of the cultured cells is 46,XY, der(1)(1qter- > 1q11::1p32- > 1q11::4q21- > 4qter), der(4)t(1;4)(q11;p32), add(8)(q24), del(17)(q24). Analysis of the diagnostic sample revealed deletions in RB1, VPREB1, and NR3C1. The cell line showed additional deletions of VPREB1, NR3C1, and CDKN2A/2B, as well as a gain of AKT1. The loci for PAX5 and BTG1 were retained. Exome and Sanger sequencing identified nucleotide variants of ARID5B and NCOR1 in the diagnostic sample, as well as a KRAS variant (p.Lys117Asn) in the first recurrent sample and another KRAS variant (p.Asp119Gly) in the second recurrent sample and the cell line. Transcriptome analysis and RT-PCR confirmed that all examined samples contained a TCF3::HLF chimeric transcript. However, molecular cytogenetics did not verify the juxtaposition of TCF3 and HLF loci. Further long-range PCR analyses confirmed that genomic material containing HLF exon 4 was inserted into TCF3 intron 16. Using dimensional reduction techniques, we found that the current cell line shares an expression pattern with other TCF3::HLF-positive BCP-ALL cell lines. The cytotoxicity assay indicated that the cell line is sensitive to Aurora Kinase B inhibitor, but not to BCL2 inhibitor. This cell line is the first TCF3::HLF-positive BCP-ALL model without the t(17;19) translocation, facilitating research into leukemogenesis and the development of novel treatments for patients with poor prognosis associated with TCF3::HLF-positive BCP-ALL.

Pleural effusion (PE) is a common clinical manifestation associated with advanced stages of both malignant and non-malignant diseases. PE frequently occurs in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and contributes to tumor progression. NSCLC accounts for more than 85% of the lung cancers and remains a problem worldwide due to its late diagnosis and low rate of response to treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in PE are emerging as key mediators of intercellular communication, capable of transferring oncogenic signals through their molecular cargo. Among these molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important drivers of cancer progression. miR-21 is a representative onco-miRNA, involved in lung cancer progression; moreover EV-miR-21 upregulation at the pre-dissemination stage promotes cancer cell survival in the pleural cavity. This study compares, for the first time, the functional role of EVs isolated from malignant PE in NSCLC patients (NSCLC-PE-EVs) with those isolated from PE in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF-PE-EVs), focusing on their ability to modulate lung cancer cell behavior. The effects of these EVs were evaluated on COLO699 lung adenocarcinoma cells with proliferation, migration, and gene expression assays. NSCLC-PE was found to contain approximately twice the amount of EVs compared to CHF-PE. NSCLC-PE-EVs were enriched in the oncogenic miR-21-5p, while CHF-PE-EVs had higher levels of the tumor-suppressive miR-126-3p. Only NSCLC-PE-EVs induced dose-dependent increases in COLO699 cell proliferation and migration, consistent with elevated miR-21-5p expression. Functional studies confirmed that miR-21-5p mediates these effects by downregulating PTEN and PDCD4, and by upregulating MMP9 expression. Our findings show that NSCLC-PE-EVs promote malignant phenotypes in lung cancer cells via the transfer of miR-21-5p.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous sarcoma characterized by high recurrence rates and the development of resistance to imatinib. The scarcity of preclinical models hinders research into DFSP pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we established and characterized a novel DFSP cell line, designated DFSP-DPH1, derived from a 47-year-old male patient with an abdominal tumor. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that DFSP-DPH1 retains key features of the original tumor, including the fibroblast-like spindle morphology and expression of diagnostic markers CD34 and vimentin, with absence of factor XIIIa. Short tandem repeat profiling confirmed the cell line's origin and excluded cross-contamination. Sanger sequencing revealed a COL1A1 exon 46-PDGFB exon 2 fusion transcript, a breakpoint not previously reported in established DFSP cell lines. Functionally, DFSP-DPH1 exhibits robust proliferative capacity, forms three-dimensional spheroids under anchorage-independent conditions, and demonstrates significant migratory and invasive capabilities. Drug sensitivity screening of a panel of 48 PDGFR inhibitors confirmed its resistance to imatinib and identified several compounds with superior efficacy compared to imatinib. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed the dominance of the COL1A1::PDGFB fusion transcript and revealed enrichment of pathways related to cancer, viral infection, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. This novel imatinib-resistant DFSP cell line, DFSP-DPH1 provides a valuable preclinical model for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying DFSP pathogenesis, drug resistance, and tumor progression, and for developing and evaluating novel therapeutic strategies.

The prognosis of gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination is poor because of its resistance to chemotherapy. To investigate the mechanism of drug resistance in peritoneal metastasis, cancer organoids were established from the ascites of a patient with peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer. The histological characteristics of the tumors were preserved in the organoids. A co-culture system was established by overlaying human-derived mesothelial cells on gastric cancer organoids embedded in type IA collagen, mimicking peritoneal dissemination foci. When co-cultured with mesothelial cells, the proliferation of ascites-derived gastric cancer organoids and other primary gastric cancer organoids was suppressed. Soluble factors derived from mesothelial cells were involved in suppressing cell proliferation. Organoids in co-culture showed reduced sensitivity to paclitaxel. This co-culture model may provide a useful platform for studying drug resistance mechanisms in the microenvironment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastases.

The malignant progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is closely related to cell stemness, but its regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study found that ADAMTS14 was significantly highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines and was associated with poor prognosis in patients. Functional experiments have confirmed that ADAMTS14 enhances the stemness characteristics (such as upregulation of ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, and CD133 expression) and spheroidization ability of CRC cells by activating the Wnt signaling pathway. Further mechanism studies have shown that the transcription factor ONECUT2 is also highly expressed in CRC and indicates a poor prognosis, and it can directly activate its transcription by binding to the ADAMTS14 promoter region. In conclusion, this study has revealed a novel mechanism by which the ONECUT2/ADAMTS14/Wnt axis regulates the stemness of CRC cells, providing a potential molecular target for targeted intervention.