Pub Date : 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101209
Hamza Sekkat , Abdellah Khallouqi , Omar El rhazouani
Tissue-air ratios (TAR) are fundamental in diagnostic radiology dosimetry, yet limited data exist for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and epoxy resin in conventional X-ray energy ranges. This study experimentally determines TAR using an epoxy resin phantom and validates the results through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with the Geant4/GATE toolkit. An epoxy resin phantom (1.20 g/cm³) was fabricated, and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) measured dose at depths of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm within epoxy resin, PMMA, and air. A digital X-ray system (40–150 kV) provided the exposure conditions. MC simulations modeled photon transport with a monoenergetic beam (10–150 keV) and phase-space detectors. TAR results showed epoxy resin closely matched PMMA, with deviations of <5 % at low energies (<60 keV) and increasing up to 8 % at higher voltages (≥100 kV). Compared to water and soft tissue, epoxy resin exhibited TAR deviations within 6 % across all depths, confirming its dosimetric suitability. At higher beam qualities, beam hardening effects led to slight TAR overestimations in epoxy resin compared to water, whereas PMMA demonstrated similar trends but with marginally lower values. Despite these variations, epoxy resin TAR remained within acceptable limits, supporting its application as a soft tissue-equivalent material in dosimetric studies.
{"title":"Evaluation of tissue-air ratios (TAR) for various tissue-equivalent materials in diagnostic radiology","authors":"Hamza Sekkat , Abdellah Khallouqi , Omar El rhazouani","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tissue-air ratios (TAR) are fundamental in diagnostic radiology dosimetry, yet limited data exist for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and epoxy resin in conventional X-ray energy ranges. This study experimentally determines TAR using an epoxy resin phantom and validates the results through Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with the Geant4/GATE toolkit. An epoxy resin phantom (1.20 g/cm³) was fabricated, and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) measured dose at depths of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm within epoxy resin, PMMA, and air. A digital X-ray system (40–150 kV) provided the exposure conditions. MC simulations modeled photon transport with a monoenergetic beam (10–150 keV) and phase-space detectors. TAR results showed epoxy resin closely matched PMMA, with deviations of <5 % at low energies (<60 keV) and increasing up to 8 % at higher voltages (≥100 kV). Compared to water and soft tissue, epoxy resin exhibited TAR deviations within 6 % across all depths, confirming its dosimetric suitability. At higher beam qualities, beam hardening effects led to slight TAR overestimations in epoxy resin compared to water, whereas PMMA demonstrated similar trends but with marginally lower values. Despite these variations, epoxy resin TAR remained within acceptable limits, supporting its application as a soft tissue-equivalent material in dosimetric studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101207
Amit Pratap Singh
There is significant potential for studying the chaotic behavior of charged particles driven by laser fields. Recent technological advancements in the generation of ultrahigh-intensity electromagnetic fields have further increased the relevance of this topic. In this study, a mathematical model was developed by modifying the Lorenz system to incorporate the effects of an electromagnetic field. The resulting system, referred to as the Lorenz-Type Laser Field (LTLF) system, introduces time-dependent variations in the three Lorenz parameters. A dynamical analysis of the non-autonomous LTLF system was conducted using stability analysis, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagrams, and basins of attraction. The chaotic dynamics of accelerated electrons governed by the LTLF system were investigated theoretically. The findings reveal a rich variety of behaviors, including transitions between dynamical regimes, intermittent chaos, complex bifurcation sequences, and significant attractor deformations.
{"title":"Chaotic behavior of an accelerated electron driven by a non-autonomous Lorenz-Type Laser Field (LTLF)","authors":"Amit Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is significant potential for studying the chaotic behavior of charged particles driven by laser fields. Recent technological advancements in the generation of ultrahigh-intensity electromagnetic fields have further increased the relevance of this topic. In this study, a mathematical model was developed by modifying the Lorenz system to incorporate the effects of an electromagnetic field. The resulting system, referred to as the Lorenz-Type Laser Field (LTLF) system, introduces time-dependent variations in the three Lorenz parameters. A dynamical analysis of the non-autonomous LTLF system was conducted using stability analysis, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagrams, and basins of attraction. The chaotic dynamics of accelerated electrons governed by the LTLF system were investigated theoretically. The findings reveal a rich variety of behaviors, including transitions between dynamical regimes, intermittent chaos, complex bifurcation sequences, and significant attractor deformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101198
M. Sharif , Madiha Ajmal
In this study, we explore the reconstruction of a new agegraphic dark energy model in a flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker spacetime by () gravity framework, where represents non-metricity. We assume that the scale factor follows a power-law and explore how this model aligns with the expanding universe. In this perspective, we develop a new agegraphic () model and analyze the graphical behavior for cosmic evolution. We analyze physical characteristics of the model using the equation of state parameter, () and the () planes. The equation of state parameter indicates a quintessence era characterized by accelerated expansion. The ()-plane identifies the freezing region and the Chaplygin gas model is represented in the ()-plane. Finally, we examine the stability of the non-interacting model by evaluating the squared speed of sound. Our findings show that the non-interacting new agegraphic dark energy model effectively resolves the cosmic coincidence problem.
{"title":"Non-interacting new agegraphic dark energy model in f(Q) gravity","authors":"M. Sharif , Madiha Ajmal","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we explore the reconstruction of a new agegraphic dark energy model in a flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker spacetime by <span><math><mi>f</mi></math></span> (<span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span>) gravity framework, where <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span> represents non-metricity. We assume that the scale factor follows a power-law and explore how this model aligns with the expanding universe. In this perspective, we develop a new agegraphic <span><math><mi>f</mi></math></span> (<span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span>) model and analyze the graphical behavior for cosmic evolution. We analyze physical characteristics of the model using the equation of state parameter, (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) and the (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>) planes. The equation of state parameter indicates a quintessence era characterized by accelerated expansion. The (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>)-plane identifies the freezing region and the Chaplygin gas model is represented in the (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>)-plane. Finally, we examine the stability of the non-interacting model by evaluating the squared speed of sound. Our findings show that the non-interacting new agegraphic dark energy model effectively resolves the cosmic coincidence problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101196
Adnan Malik , Amjad Hussain , Ayesha Almas , M. Farasat Shamir , Fatemah Mofarreh
We present a class of anisotropic and spherically symmetric solutions characterized by the function , where is the Ricci scalar, is the anticurvature scalar, and is the coupling constant. The model is constructed by applying the Karmarkar condition to determine the radial metric coefficient and assuming a specific form for the temporal metric coefficient. Boundary conditions are derived to guarantee the continuity of spacetime, utilizing the Schwarzschild solution as the exterior spacetime. A detailed analysis of various physical properties, including energy density, pressure components, anisotropic pressure, energy conditions, the equation of state, mass function, surface redshift, compactness factor, adiabatic index, sound speed, and the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equilibrium condition, is conducted. The complete analysis is applied to two well-known stars, Her X1 and Cen X3. The results demonstrate that all physical criteria are satisfied, confirming that the solutions are physically viable and consistent with established theoretical expectations.
{"title":"Anisotropic spheres via embedding approach in Ricci inverse gravity","authors":"Adnan Malik , Amjad Hussain , Ayesha Almas , M. Farasat Shamir , Fatemah Mofarreh","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a class of anisotropic and spherically symmetric solutions characterized by the function <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>α</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span> is the Ricci scalar, <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span> is the anticurvature scalar, and <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> is the coupling constant. The model is constructed by applying the Karmarkar condition to determine the radial metric coefficient and assuming a specific form for the temporal metric coefficient. Boundary conditions are derived to guarantee the continuity of spacetime, utilizing the Schwarzschild solution as the exterior spacetime. A detailed analysis of various physical properties, including energy density, pressure components, anisotropic pressure, energy conditions, the equation of state, mass function, surface redshift, compactness factor, adiabatic index, sound speed, and the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equilibrium condition, is conducted. The complete analysis is applied to two well-known stars, Her X1 and Cen X3. The results demonstrate that all physical criteria are satisfied, confirming that the solutions are physically viable and consistent with established theoretical expectations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of using modified gravity theories in order to explain the sense of astronomical entities. This paper examines the dynamics of dense astronomical entities under the framework of gravity. We formulate gravitational equations that incorporate the characteristics of the non-isotropic static interior spacetime. By imposing two particular conditions related to the radial function and pressure anisotropy, we derive two solutions to these complex equations of motion. We encounter differential equations in both cases whose solutions involve two constants. The Darmois junction conditions are then employed to calculate these constants. Moreover, the requirement for radial pressure to vanish at the hypersurface is also significant in this analysis. Additionally, we graphically assess specific conditions that must be satisfied to ensure the model’s viability across various parameter values. For this purpose, we utilize observational data from two compact stars, Her X-1 and Cen X-3. We conclude that both models align well with the necessary criteria for viability and stability. It is important to emphasize that our study amplifies the understanding of how this modified gravity influences the interior fluid distribution of compact stars, offering invaluable revelations for future studies.
{"title":"Advancing the understanding of compact stars: The role of f(R,Lm,T) gravity on physical existence of two different pulsars","authors":"Tayyab Naseer , Komal Hassan , M. Sharif , Baiju Dayanandan , Faisal Javed","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of using modified gravity theories in order to explain the sense of astronomical entities. This paper examines the dynamics of dense astronomical entities under the framework of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity. We formulate gravitational equations that incorporate the characteristics of the non-isotropic static interior spacetime. By imposing two particular conditions related to the radial function and pressure anisotropy, we derive two solutions to these complex equations of motion. We encounter differential equations in both cases whose solutions involve two constants. The Darmois junction conditions are then employed to calculate these constants. Moreover, the requirement for radial pressure to vanish at the hypersurface is also significant in this analysis. Additionally, we graphically assess specific conditions that must be satisfied to ensure the model’s viability across various parameter values. For this purpose, we utilize observational data from two compact stars, Her X-1 and Cen X-3. We conclude that both models align well with the necessary criteria for viability and stability. It is important to emphasize that our study amplifies the understanding of how this modified gravity influences the interior fluid distribution of compact stars, offering invaluable revelations for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101199
Jingsong Zhang , Wengu Chen , Xiaoying Han , Peng Song , Han Wang
Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) absorption and emission spectra are crucial in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) simulations. Meanwhile, they are one of the most computationally expensive parts in ICF simulations. In some special physics scenarios, we need to calculate non-stationary ion states instead of stationary ones in NLTE problems. Although previous works have developed some effective methods to calculate stationary states of plasmas in NLTE conditions, they cannot be directly used for calculating non-stationary states. In this paper we propose a deep learning surrogate model method to solve time-dependent NLTE spectra. This new method fits data generated by time-dependent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations quite well and achieves about tens to hundreds of times acceleration on Average Atom Model (AAM) and about twenty to fifty thousand times acceleration on Multi-Average Ion Collisional-Radiative Model (MAICRM) respectively.
{"title":"Deep learning surrogate models to solve time-dependent NLTE absorption and emission spectra","authors":"Jingsong Zhang , Wengu Chen , Xiaoying Han , Peng Song , Han Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) absorption and emission spectra are crucial in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) simulations. Meanwhile, they are one of the most computationally expensive parts in ICF simulations. In some special physics scenarios, we need to calculate non-stationary ion states instead of stationary ones in NLTE problems. Although previous works have developed some effective methods to calculate stationary states of plasmas in NLTE conditions, they cannot be directly used for calculating non-stationary states. In this paper we propose a deep learning surrogate model method to solve time-dependent NLTE spectra. This new method fits data generated by time-dependent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations quite well and achieves about tens to hundreds of times acceleration on Average Atom Model (AAM) and about twenty to fifty thousand times acceleration on Multi-Average Ion Collisional-Radiative Model (MAICRM) respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101195
T. Minami , C.M. Chu , O. McCusker , K. Sakai , Y.T. Liao , N. Tamaki , Ko. Kondo , H. Kiriyama , S. Egashira , M. Ota , A. Morace , Y. Sakawa , M. Alkhimova , T. Pikuz , F. Nikaido , T. Yasui , S. Suzuki , Y. Abe , H. Habara , H.S. Kumar , Y. Kuramitsu
Graphene is an atomic thin 2D material, known as the strongest material with such a thin regime. Free-standing, large-area suspended graphene (LSG) has been developed for a target of laser-driven ion acceleration. The LSG has shown remarkable durability against laser prepulse, producing MeV protons and carbons by direct irradiation with an intense laser without a plasma mirror, yet no optimization has been concerned. Here we investigate the optimization of the laser-driven ion acceleration with LSG, paying special attention to the target conditions. We irradiate nanometer-thick LSG with an intense laser, where the incident angle and the target thickness are controlled. The maximum proton energy increases with increasing the number of LSG layers, where protons at maximum are consistently observed with Thomson parabola spectrometer and diamond-based detectors. For comparison purposes, we perform ideal numerical simulations using particle-in-cell (PIC) code without consideration of the prepulse. In the PIC simulation, the protons are successively accelerated by the electric field associated with laser radiation pressure and the surface sheath field, yet the maximum proton energies are overestimated. The maximum proton energies from the experiment asymptotically approach the ideal PIC expectations, indicating that the thinner LSG is more affected by the prepulse. We expect higher proton energy with the optimized LSG conditions and a plasma mirror.
{"title":"Ion acceleration with an intense short-pulse laser and large-area suspended graphene in an extremely thin target regime","authors":"T. Minami , C.M. Chu , O. McCusker , K. Sakai , Y.T. Liao , N. Tamaki , Ko. Kondo , H. Kiriyama , S. Egashira , M. Ota , A. Morace , Y. Sakawa , M. Alkhimova , T. Pikuz , F. Nikaido , T. Yasui , S. Suzuki , Y. Abe , H. Habara , H.S. Kumar , Y. Kuramitsu","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene is an atomic thin 2D material, known as the strongest material with such a thin regime. Free-standing, large-area suspended graphene (LSG) has been developed for a target of laser-driven ion acceleration. The LSG has shown remarkable durability against laser prepulse, producing MeV protons and carbons by direct irradiation with an intense laser without a plasma mirror, yet no optimization has been concerned. Here we investigate the optimization of the laser-driven ion acceleration with LSG, paying special attention to the target conditions. We irradiate nanometer-thick LSG with an intense laser, where the incident angle and the target thickness are controlled. The maximum proton energy increases with increasing the number of LSG layers, where <span><math><mrow><mn>25</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MeV</mi></mrow></math></span> protons at maximum are consistently observed with Thomson parabola spectrometer and diamond-based detectors. For comparison purposes, we perform ideal numerical simulations using particle-in-cell (PIC) code without consideration of the prepulse. In the PIC simulation, the protons are successively accelerated by the electric field associated with laser radiation pressure and the surface sheath field, yet the maximum proton energies are overestimated. The maximum proton energies from the experiment asymptotically approach the ideal PIC expectations, indicating that the thinner LSG is more affected by the prepulse. We expect higher proton energy with the optimized LSG conditions and a plasma mirror.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101194
T.A. Coffman , Y. Kim , L.M. Green , R.S. Lester , B.M. Haines , D.W. Schmidt , P. Donovan , B. Patterson , R.W. VanDervort , P.J. Adrian , P.M. Kozlowski , R.H. Dwyer , J.M. Levesque , C. Fry , A. Haid , M. Do , C. Shuldberg
The introduction of a high-precision, 3D-printing method, known as two-photon polymerization (2PP), has created a new means of producing novel targets to study inertial confinement fusion (ICF). This work aims to explore if 2PP fabricated capsules can meet ICF requirements such as size, uniformity, deuteration degree, and ability to maintain gas fill. Two types of capsules with 3D-printed lattices were evaluated on the Omega-60 Laser Facility: (1) carbon-deuterium-oxygen (CDO) lattice with a H2 gas fill and (2) carbon-hydrogen-oxygen (CHO) lattice with a D2 gas fill. Experimental results and numerical simulations, which assumed complete mixing of capsule materials, reasonably agreed for both target types. A further study into the effects of capsule preheat or 2PP geometry on material mix is underway. Our work demonstrates that the unique capabilities of customizable, 3D-printed capsules present promising opportunities for further investigation into more sophisticated mix and burn experiments in ICF.
{"title":"Exploring capabilities of Micro-Fabricated 3D-printed capsules for studying effects of material mix on thermonuclear burn","authors":"T.A. Coffman , Y. Kim , L.M. Green , R.S. Lester , B.M. Haines , D.W. Schmidt , P. Donovan , B. Patterson , R.W. VanDervort , P.J. Adrian , P.M. Kozlowski , R.H. Dwyer , J.M. Levesque , C. Fry , A. Haid , M. Do , C. Shuldberg","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of a high-precision, 3D-printing method, known as two-photon polymerization (2PP), has created a new means of producing novel targets to study inertial confinement fusion (ICF). This work aims to explore if 2PP fabricated capsules can meet ICF requirements such as size, uniformity, deuteration degree, and ability to maintain gas fill. Two types of capsules with 3D-printed lattices were evaluated on the Omega-60 Laser Facility: (1) carbon-deuterium-oxygen (CDO) lattice with a H<sub>2</sub> gas fill and (2) carbon-hydrogen-oxygen (CHO) lattice with a D<sub>2</sub> gas fill. Experimental results and numerical simulations, which assumed complete mixing of capsule materials, reasonably agreed for both target types. A further study into the effects of capsule preheat or 2PP geometry on material mix is underway. Our work demonstrates that the unique capabilities of customizable, 3D-printed capsules present promising opportunities for further investigation into more sophisticated mix and burn experiments in ICF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101188
Aimen Rauf , Bander Almutairi , A.S. Khan
In this study, we delve into the evolution of the Hubble parameter, focusing on its sign reversal in the early universe and its stability within gravity. Methods are employed to investigate the universe’s behavior concerning hybrid scale factor scenarios, including the sub-relativistic, radiation, ultra-relativistic, dust, and stiff fluid universes, concerning the equation of state (EoS) parameters. This research builds on previous ones by providing a more in-depth investigation of the bouncing scenarios inside the gravity framework, reconstructing gravitational Lagrangians established for certain parameter values. Once rebuilt, these Lagrangians allow the examination of energy conditions required for a realistic bouncing model and give analytical answers to the ekpyrotic (Ekkart) bounce model. The function of exotic matter, renowned for its high negative pressure, is the key factor promoting the universe’s acceleration expansion. An analysis of gravity theories, particularly focusing on bouncing scenarios, distinguishes this work from earlier studies on alternative gravity theories and their cosmological implications. This research offers a detailed investigation of bouncing models along with a detailed examination of the energy conditions present in gravity.
{"title":"Exploring hybrid scalar factor and ekpyrotic bouncing cosmology in f(Q,R) Gravity","authors":"Aimen Rauf , Bander Almutairi , A.S. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we delve into the evolution of the Hubble parameter, focusing on its sign reversal in the early universe and its stability within <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity. Methods are employed to investigate the universe’s behavior concerning hybrid scale factor scenarios, including the sub-relativistic, radiation, ultra-relativistic, dust, and stiff fluid universes, concerning the equation of state (EoS) parameters. This research builds on previous ones by providing a more in-depth investigation of the bouncing scenarios inside the <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity framework, reconstructing gravitational Lagrangians established for certain parameter values. Once rebuilt, these Lagrangians allow the examination of energy conditions required for a realistic bouncing model and give analytical answers to the ekpyrotic (Ekkart) bounce model. The function of exotic matter, renowned for its high negative pressure, is the key factor promoting the universe’s acceleration expansion. An analysis of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity theories, particularly focusing on bouncing scenarios, distinguishes this work from earlier studies on alternative gravity theories and their cosmological implications. This research offers a detailed investigation of bouncing models along with a detailed examination of the energy conditions present in <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> gravity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49267,"journal":{"name":"High Energy Density Physics","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hedp.2025.101193
Z.B. Chen , P.F. Liu , Y.Y. Qi , G.P. Zhao , H.Y. Sun
In this manuscript, we calculate the spectral properties and the electron-impact excitation cross sections in the semiclassical dense hydrogen plasmas, by solving the modified relativistic Dirac equation based on the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian and using the suggested relativistic distorted wave method, respectively. The obtained cross sections are then used to study the polarization of the de-excitation X-ray photoemission, which allows a deeper probe of the electronic structural properties of the atoms/ions, thus yielding a comprehensive understanding of the underlying atomic processes. We employ the effective model potential proposed by Ramazanov et al. (2015) to replace the electron-nucleus Coulomb potential, where the former (potential) is derived for general two interacting charged particles taking into account the quantum mechanical and screening effects in semiclassical dense plasmas. Relativistic effects, including the Breit interaction and dominant quantum electrodynamics corrections, are included. Our study involves a comprehensive investigation of the screening effect of the plasma ions on the various properties such as the bound state energies, excitation energies, transition rates, electron-impact excitation cross sections and subsequent polarizations of X-ray photoemission across a wide range of plasma parameters. We compare our numerical results with other available experimental and theoretical data, showing good agreement. The outcomes of this work not only help to better understand the fundamental properties of plasmas, but also provide important applications in fusion, astrophysics, and other fields.
在本文中，我们分别通过求解基于狄拉克-库仑哈密顿量的修正相对论狄拉克方程和建议的相对论畸变波法，计算了半经典致密氢等离子体的谱性质和电子碰撞激发截面。得到的横截面然后用于研究去激发x射线光发射的极化，这允许对原子/离子的电子结构特性进行更深入的探测，从而对潜在的原子过程产生全面的理解。我们采用Ramazanov et al.（2015）提出的有效模型势来取代电子-核库仑势，其中前者（势）是考虑到半经典致密等离子体中的量子力学和筛选效应，推导出一般两个相互作用带电粒子的有效模型势。相对论效应，包括布雷特相互作用和主要的量子电动力学修正，包括在内。我们的研究包括了等离子体离子对各种性质的筛选效应，如束缚态能、激发能、跃迁速率、电子碰撞激发截面和x射线光发射在广泛等离子体参数下的后续极化。我们将数值计算结果与现有的实验和理论数据进行了比较，结果一致。这项工作的结果不仅有助于更好地了解等离子体的基本性质，而且在核聚变、天体物理学和其他领域提供了重要的应用。
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