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ReYOLO: A traffic sign detector based on network reparameterization and features adaptive weighting 基于网络重参数化和特征自适应加权的交通标志检测器
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-07-26 DOI: 10.3233/ais-220038
Jianming Zhang, Zhuofan Zheng, Xianding Xie, Yan Gui, Gwang-Jun Kim
Traffic sign detection is a challenging task. Although existing deep learning techniques have made great progress in detecting traffic signs, there are still many unsolved challenges. We propose a novel traffic sign detection network named ReYOLO that learns rich contextual information and senses scale variations to efficiently detect small and ambiguous traffic signs in the wild. Specifically, we first replace the conventional convolutional block with modules that are built by structural reparameterization methods and are embedded into bigger structures, thus decoupling the training structures and the inference structures using parameter transformation, and allowing the model to learn more effective features. We then design a novel weighting mechanism which can be embedded into a feature pyramid to exploit foreground features at different scales to narrow the semantic gap between multiple scales. To fully evaluate the proposed method, we conduct experiments on a traditional traffic sign dataset GTSDB as well as two new traffic sign datasets TT100K and CCTSDB2021, achieving 97.2%, 68.3% and 83.9% mAP (Mean Average Precision) for the three-class detection challenge in these three datasets.
交通标志检测是一项具有挑战性的任务。尽管现有的深度学习技术在检测交通标志方面取得了很大进展,但仍有许多未解决的挑战。我们提出了一种新的交通标志检测网络ReYOLO,它可以学习丰富的上下文信息并感知尺度变化,从而有效地检测出小型和模糊的交通标志。具体来说,我们首先用结构重参数化方法构建的模块取代传统的卷积块,并嵌入到更大的结构中,从而使用参数变换将训练结构和推理结构解耦,并允许模型学习更有效的特征。然后,我们设计了一种新的加权机制,该机制可以嵌入到特征金字塔中,以利用不同尺度的前景特征来缩小多尺度之间的语义差距。为了充分评估所提出的方法,我们在传统的交通标志数据集GTSDB以及两个新的交通标志数据集TT100K和CCTSDB2021上进行了实验,对这三个数据集的三类检测挑战实现了97.2%,68.3%和83.9%的mAP (Mean Average Precision)。
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引用次数: 13
Probabilistic data structures in smart city: Survey, applications, challenges, and research directions 智慧城市中的概率数据结构:调查、应用、挑战与研究方向
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.3233/ais-220101
Mandeep Kumar, Amritpal Singh
With the commencement of new technologies like IoT and the Cloud, the sources of data generation have increased exponentially. The use and processing of this generated data have motivated and given birth to many other domains. The concept of a smart city has also evolved from making use of this data in decision-making in the various aspects of daily life and also improvement in the traditional systems. In smart cities, various technologies work collaboratively; they include devices used for data collection, processing, storing, retrieval, analysis, and decision making. Big data storage, retrieval, and analysis play a vital role in smart city applications. Traditional data processing approaches face many challenges when dealing with such voluminous and high-speed generated data, such as semi-structured or unstructured data, data privacy, security, real-time responses, and so on. Probabilistic Data Structures (PDS) has been evolved as a potential solution for many applications in smart cities to complete this tedious task of handling big data with real-time response. PDS has been used in many smart city domains, including healthcare, transportation, the environment, energy, and industry. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of PDS and its applications in the domains of smart cities. The prominent domain of the smart city has been explored in detail; origin, current research status, challenges, and existing application of PDS along with research gaps and future directions. The foremost aim of this paper is to provide a detailed survey of PDS in smart cities; for readers and researchers who want to explore this field; along with the research opportunities in the domains.
随着物联网和云计算等新技术的开始,数据生成的来源呈指数级增长。对这些生成数据的使用和处理激发并催生了许多其他领域。智慧城市的概念也从利用这些数据在日常生活的各个方面进行决策以及改进传统系统演变而来。在智慧城市中,各种技术协同工作;它们包括用于数据收集、处理、存储、检索、分析和决策的设备。大数据的存储、检索和分析在智慧城市应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。传统的数据处理方法在处理如此大量和高速生成的数据时面临许多挑战,如半结构化或非结构化数据、数据隐私、安全性、实时响应等。概率数据结构(PDS)已经发展成为智能城市中许多应用程序的潜在解决方案,以完成实时响应处理大数据的繁琐任务。PDS已应用于许多智慧城市领域,包括医疗保健、交通、环境、能源和工业。本文的目的是对PDS及其在智慧城市领域的应用进行全面综述。详细探讨了智慧城市的突出领域;PDS的起源、研究现状、面临的挑战、应用现状、研究差距和未来发展方向。本文的主要目的是对智慧城市的PDS进行详细的调查;对于想要探索这一领域的读者和研究人员;随着领域的研究机会。
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引用次数: 4
Smart building evacuation system with hybrid network based CNC-C architecture 基于CNC-C结构的混合网络智能楼宇疏散系统
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.3233/ais-210427
P. Raja, C. Arunachalaperumal, M. Divya
The main aim of this work is to implement a progressive path-planning algorithm with a proposed hybrid network based CNC-C (Cooperative Network Coded–Communication) architecture for a smart evacuation system. An algorithm ALCDTS (Health based Age–Length–Capacity–Distance–Trustiness–Speed) is proposed to generate possible progressive routes by considering the building conditions, hazard estimation, path capacity along with the occupant’s age, speed and health status. The investigation of ALCDTS is carried out by using the path finder simulator. The comparative study between the conventional evacuation algorithm and ALCDTS algorithm has been performed and the results are obtained. A four-storied shopping mall is taken as a building model where the performance of test cases for abnormal event is analysed.
本工作的主要目的是利用提出的基于CNC-C(协同网络编码通信)架构的混合网络实现智能疏散系统的渐进式路径规划算法。提出了一种基于健康的年龄-长度-容量-距离-信任-速度(ALCDTS)算法,通过考虑建筑物条件、危险估计、路径容量以及居住者的年龄、速度和健康状态来生成可能的渐进路线。利用寻径模拟器对ALCDTS进行了研究。对传统疏散算法和ALCDTS算法进行了对比研究,得到了结果。以某四层商场为建筑模型,分析了异常事件测试用例的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Paradigms for the conceptualization of Cyber-Physical-Social-Thinking hyperspace: A Thematic Synthesis 网络-物理-社会-思维超空间概念化的范式:主题综合
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.3233/ais-210492
Aurora Macías, Elena Navarro
Several computing paradigms have emerged along the years integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) as the base to realize the complex hyperspace associated to the ubiquitous Cyber-Physical-Social-Thinking hyperspace that society expects. An overlap of the principles that define those paradigms exists and, despite of previous efforts, a unified and appropriate definition of each of them is still a challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to survey the existing literature about IoT and their related paradigms to obtain a model that provides a definition usable to guide in the selection of that paradigm that fits better the requirements of the system-to-be. For this aim, a rigorous and systematic Thematic Synthesis has been conducted to analyze the most relevant studies of the selected paradigms and specify a model that integrates their definitions, their relations and differences. Furthermore, Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS) has been identified as the paradigm focusing on social and human factors that better realizes the complex hyperspace of the smart world since it entails relevant and convenient aspects from other paradigms.
多年来出现了几种与物联网(IoT)相结合的计算范式,作为实现与社会所期望的无处不在的网络-物理-社会-思维超空间相关的复杂超空间的基础。定义这些范例的原则存在重叠,尽管以前作出了努力,但对每一个范例进行统一和适当的定义仍然是一项挑战。因此,这项工作的目的是调查现有的关于物联网及其相关范式的文献,以获得一个模型,该模型提供了一个可用于指导选择更适合系统需求的范式的定义。为此,本文进行了严格而系统的主题综合,分析了所选范式中最相关的研究,并提出了一个整合它们的定义、关系和差异的模型。此外,Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS)被认为是关注社会和人为因素的范式,因为它需要其他范式的相关和便利方面,因此可以更好地实现智能世界的复杂超空间。
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引用次数: 4
VASE: Smart glasses for the visually impaired 花瓶:为视障人士设计的智能眼镜
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.3233/ais-210491
Seemu Sharma, Nidhi Kalra, Lavanya Gupta, Neha Varma, Srishti Agrawal, Vipasha Verma
In this paper, Virtual Assistive Smart Eyes (VASE) is described which introduces a new advanced smart glass technology for the visually impaired. Smart glasses in general, have come up as the most calculative device in the modern age to amalgamate humans and machines with the help of machine learning and information technology. These devices are frequently used in industries like medicine and gaming, but their exploration in the field of assistive technology, specifically for the visually impaired is very limited. Majority of these devices are focusing on only a fraction of the features required. It is unfair to leave the average person no choice but to invest in products that are expensive and are not covering all aspects of the problems faced, that they would need to be autonomous in their every-day lives. The proposed VASE is a cost-effective pair of smart glasses which includes many features such as obstruction detection and object recognition. VASE would immensely benefit the visually impaired people in doing their daily tasks and lead an independent life. It will impact the society enormously, as it aids in the prevention of accidents and any other unfortunate incidents, bringing about a major technological advancement benefiting the whole world.
本文介绍了虚拟辅助智能眼(花瓶),它为视障人士介绍了一种新的先进智能玻璃技术。一般来说,智能眼镜是在机器学习和信息技术的帮助下,将人类和机器结合在一起的现代最具计算能力的设备。这些设备经常用于医疗和游戏等行业,但它们在辅助技术领域的探索非常有限,特别是针对视障人士。这些设备中的大多数只专注于所需功能的一小部分。这是不公平的,让普通人别无选择,只能投资于昂贵的产品,而这些产品并不能涵盖所面临的问题的所有方面,他们在日常生活中需要自主。所提出的花瓶是一副具有成本效益的智能眼镜,包括许多功能,如障碍物检测和物体识别。花瓶将极大地帮助视障人士完成日常工作,过上独立的生活。它将对社会产生巨大的影响,因为它有助于预防事故和任何其他不幸事件,带来重大的技术进步,造福整个世界。
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引用次数: 0
Fuzzy multi-agent assistance system for elderly care based on user engagement 基于用户参与的模糊多智能体养老辅助系统
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.3233/ais-210312
A. R. Domínguez, Carlos Lino Ramírez, David Asael Gutiérrez Hernández, Héctor José Puga Soberanes, V. Zamudio
An intelligent system intended to provide assistance to an elderly user in their home is presented. This multi-agent system is designed to monitor the interaction between the user and other agents, and regulate itself based on the estimated level of mental engagement of the user in order to contribute to help them maintain adequate levels of awareness and interaction with their home environment. The agents are devices programmed to preserve the security, comfort and health of the user, who is also conceptualized as one of the agents in the system. The user engagement level is estimated through fuzzy inference, that is, by means of a set of fuzzy membership functions and rules applied over the interaction of the user with different categories of agents. The system incorporates several dozen agents and is tested using two different datasets of real interactions between users and devices in their home environments. A uniform parameter configuration yielded very positive results for diverse scenarios and subsequently the parameters of the system were automatically optimized to show that improved performance, in the form of a more efficient system regulation and increased certainty in adjustment estimation, is obtained.
提出了一种智能系统,旨在为家中的老年用户提供帮助。这个多智能体系统被设计用来监控用户和其他智能体之间的交互,并根据用户的估计心理参与水平来调节自己,以帮助他们保持足够的意识水平和与家庭环境的交互。代理是被编程来保护用户的安全、舒适和健康的设备,用户也被概念化为系统中的代理之一。用户参与水平通过模糊推理来估计,即通过一组模糊隶属函数和规则应用于用户与不同类别的代理的交互。该系统包含几十个代理,并使用用户和设备在家庭环境中真实交互的两种不同数据集进行测试。统一的参数配置对不同的场景产生了非常积极的结果,随后系统的参数被自动优化,以显示性能的改善,以更有效的系统调节和调整估计的确定性增加的形式获得。
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引用次数: 0
Ultra-wideband data as input of a combined EfficientNet and LSTM architecture for human activity recognition 超宽带数据作为高效网络和LSTM架构的输入,用于人类活动识别
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.3233/ais-210462
Alexandre Beaulieu, Florentin Thullier, K. Bouchard, Julien Maître, S. Gaboury
The world population is aging in the last few years and this trend is expected to increase in the future. The number of persons requiring assistance in their everyday life is also expected to rise. Luckily, smart homes are becoming a more and more compelling alternative to direct human supervision. Smart homes are equipped with sensors that, coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI), can support their occupants whenever needed. At the heart of the problem is the recognition of activities. Human activity recognition is a complex problem due to the variety of sensors available, their impact on privacy, the high number of possible activities, and the several ways even a simple activity can be performed. This paper proposes a deep learning model combining LSTM and a tuned version of the EfficientNet model using transfer learning, data fusion, minimalist pre-processing as well as training for both activity and movement recognition using data from three ultra-wideband (UWB) radars. As regards activity recognition, experiments were conducted in a real and furnished apartment where 15 different activities were performed by 10 participants. Results showed an improvement of 18.63% over previous work on the same dataset with 65.59% in Top-1 accuracy using Leave-One-Subject-Out cross validation. Furthermore, the experiments that address movement recognition were conducted under the same conditions where a single participant was asked to perform four distinct arm movements with the three UWB radars positioned at two different heights. With an overall accuracy of 73% in Top-1, the detailed analysis of the results obtained showed that the proposed model was capable of recognizing accurately large and fine-grained movements. However, the medium-sized movements demonstrated a significant impact on the movement recognition due to an insufficient degree of variation between the four proposed movements.
在过去的几年里,世界人口正在老龄化,这一趋势预计将在未来增加。在日常生活中需要援助的人数预计也会增加。幸运的是,智能家居正成为人类直接监督的一个越来越有吸引力的选择。智能家居配备了传感器,再加上人工智能(AI),可以在需要时为居住者提供支持。问题的核心是对活动的认识。人类活动识别是一个复杂的问题,因为可用的传感器种类繁多,它们对隐私的影响很大,可能的活动数量很多,甚至一个简单的活动也有几种方法可以执行。本文提出了一种深度学习模型,结合LSTM和effentnet模型的优化版本,使用迁移学习、数据融合、极简预处理以及使用来自三个超宽带(UWB)雷达的数据进行活动和运动识别训练。在活动识别方面,实验是在一个真实的、有家具的公寓里进行的,10名参与者进行了15种不同的活动。结果表明,使用Leave-One-Subject-Out交叉验证,在相同数据集上的前一精度提高了65.59%,提高了18.63%。此外,针对运动识别的实验是在相同的条件下进行的,要求单个参与者在三个超宽带雷达位于两个不同高度的情况下进行四种不同的手臂运动。Top-1的总体准确率为73%,对所得结果的详细分析表明,所提出的模型能够准确识别大粒度和细粒度的运动。然而,由于四种运动之间的差异程度不足,中等大小的运动表现出对运动识别的显著影响。
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引用次数: 2
Refillable PUF authentication protocol for constrained devices 用于受限设备的可重新填充的PUF认证协议
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.3233/ais-210325
Arthur Desuert, Stéphanie Chollet, Laurent Pion, D. Hély
Connected devices are deployed at a rapid rate and in broad domains like home automation or industry, forming the Internet of Things. Those devices need to be secure and trusted to prevent malicious use. However some connected devices are low-cost, memory constrained, power constrained, etc.. This greatly limits the deployment of usual security solutions. As the absence of security is not acceptable, it is necessary to search for lightweight security solutions adapted to such devices. Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) technology can support new lightweight security mechanisms and several lightweight security protocols using this technology have been proposed over the years. Those protocols look promising, however there are still some unaddressed challenges which have slowed down a large scale adoption. This article presents the design of a new authentication protocol for constrained devices which takes into account those challenges. This protocol is implemented on a hardware platform used for connected devices development, which is then used to evaluate the security level and performances of the protocol in a realistic scenario. This evaluation shows that the protocol is secure and can meet industrial time constraints.
物联网设备被快速部署在家庭自动化或工业等广泛领域,形成了物联网。这些设备需要安全可靠,以防止恶意使用。然而,一些连接设备成本低、内存受限、功耗受限等。这极大地限制了常规安全解决方案的部署。由于缺乏安全性是不可接受的,因此有必要寻找适合此类设备的轻量级安全解决方案。物理不可克隆功能(PUF)技术可以支持新的轻量级安全机制,多年来已经提出了几种使用该技术的轻量级安全协议。这些协议看起来很有希望,但是仍然存在一些未解决的挑战,这些挑战阻碍了大规模采用。本文提出了一种针对受限设备的新身份验证协议的设计,该协议考虑了这些挑战。该协议在用于连接设备开发的硬件平台上实现,然后用于在实际场景中评估协议的安全级别和性能。评估结果表明,该协议是安全的,可以满足工业时间限制。
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引用次数: 0
Indoor Air Quality Assessment for Smart Environments 智能环境下的室内空气质量评价
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.3233/aise30
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引用次数: 0
Preface to JAISE 14(2) JAISE 14(2)序言
IF 1.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.3233/ais-220622
Hamid Aghajan,Juan Carlos Augusto,Andrés Muñoz
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
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