Western Journal of Nursing Research最新文献

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the differences in healthy eating, body image dissatisfaction (BID), and social media use between sedentary and physically active young adults. Additionally, the research sought to clarify the relationship between physical activity (PA), its purpose, BID, and social media use and dependency.

Design: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design was employed to achieve the study objectives.

Methods: A sample of 322 undergraduate students participated in the study, completing a self-report questionnaire measuring PA and healthy eating (Arab Teens Lifestyle Questionnaire), BID (Contour Drawing Rating Scale and Body Shape Questionnaire-8D), and social media use and dependency (Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale).

Results: Physically active participants exhibited lower levels of BID, healthier eating habits, and lower social media dependency compared to sedentary counterparts. Regression analyses identified social media dependence, body mass index, gender, and the purpose of PA (fitness, weight control, or enjoyment) as significant predictors of BID. Notably, weight control-related PA was associated with higher BID.

Conclusion: The present findings have essential implications for nursing practice and education. Nurses are at the forefront of promoting well-being and are uniquely positioned to address social media dependency, enhance media literacy, and advocate for healthy eating and PA for health and wellness rather than solely aesthetic purposes. By integrating these findings into nursing education, future nurses can be equipped with the skills to screen for body image concerns and provide culturally sensitive counseling and interventions.

Background: Internet-mediated research (IMR), increasingly prominent in social sciences and health care, uses online platforms for data gathering, offering cost-effectiveness and wide accessibility. Despite assumptions that older adults are less active on social media, recent trends indicate otherwise, with a notable presence on platforms like Facebook, making it a valuable recruitment tool.

Methods: The Saskatchewan Caregiver Experience Study employed purposive maximum variation sampling to recruit caregivers via paid Facebook ads, manually shared Facebook posts, and community newsletters. Metrics such as reach, impressions, and link clicks from Facebook advertisements were used to evaluate recruitment effectiveness. Data quality was ensured through "one response per IP address" restrictions on SurveyMonkey.

Results: We recruited 355 survey respondents who met the study inclusion criteria. Participants had a mean age of 60.9 years (range: 22-87). Paid Facebook ads were the most effective recruitment method, indicated by higher engagement and response rates. The 355 survey responses totaled 40 746 words, reflecting strong participant engagement. The absence of financial incentives in the study also likely improved data quality.

Discussion: This method requires participants to have both device access and technological literacy. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using social media for recruiting in qualitative research, highlighting its potential for inclusivity and representativeness, while also underscoring the importance of ethical considerations in IMR.

Background: While COVID-19 has lessened in urgency for the general United States population's day-to-day functioning, it continues to have significant impact for those who live with a wide range of ongoing sequelae. Wide variation of Long COVID symptoms must be considered as nurses facilitate holistic patient-centered care.

Objectives: We aimed to describe patients' symptom experiences from 3 to 12 months following COVID-19 hospitalization.

Methods: A longitudinal descriptive design was used to explore adults' symptom experiences of Long COVID at 4 time points up to 12 months following hospital admission for COVID-19 between October 2020 and May 2022.

Results: Most of the 37 participants (87%) continued to experience at least 1 physical symptom at 12 months, which was not significantly different than at 3 months (90%). Fatigue was the most common symptom reported at all the time points. Group mean scores on all PROMIS measures and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised did not indicate dysfunction; however, 37% reported having somewhat or a lot of symptom impact on their normal routines. In addition, at least 50% reported currently experiencing quality of life worse than prior to COVID at each time point.

Conclusions: Long COVID symptoms continue to affect significant numbers of people with ongoing impact to daily routines and quality of life. Nurses are in a unique position to generate new evidence on identifying the subset of patients recovering from COVID-19 who are at higher risk for developing Long COVID and provide holistic assessments, monitoring, and interventions to mitigate patients' physical, emotional, and mental health symptoms.

Background: Little has been published on the lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and intersex (plus) (LGBTQI+) curriculum in US nurse practitioner (NP) programs. With many known LGBTQI+ health disparities, it is imperative that NP educators prepare their students for the care of LGBTQI+ persons, families, and communities.

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive exploratory study was to describe the current state of LGBTQI+ curricular goals and content in a sample of US NP education programs.

Methodology: Using an adaptation of the Tool for Assessing LGBTQI+ Health Training, researchers electronically surveyed NP program directors for the perceived applicability of LGBTQI+ curricular goal statements and content inclusion in NP education programs.

Results: Completed surveys (N = 62) were received from respondents in 8 NP specialty areas. Across the specialties, 22 of the 32 goal statements were rated as applicable by 90% or more of respondents. Primary care NP respondents indicated higher numbers of applicable goal statements than other specialties. Levels of content inclusion varied widely across the 32 goal statements and by NP specialty.

Conclusions: A large majority of respondents endorse the applicability of LGBTQI+ curricular goals across multiple domains and competencies. Specific content for most of the goal statements was generally not well covered, and content beyond individual health care was poorly addressed.

Implications: While US NP program faculty express support for a broad array of LGBTQI+ curricular goals, actual content inclusion may be lagging and may only be covering information needed for more basic-level competencies.

Objective: Excessive gestational weight gain, driven by the global raise in obesity, poses significant health risks for both mothers and infants. This study aimed to validate and assess the reliability of the Korean version of the self-efficacy scale for healthy eating and physical activity to support pregnancy-related weight management research in Korea.

Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis using previously collected data from an online survey of pregnant women in South Korea. The self-efficacy scale underwent linguistic validation, including translation, back-translation, and expert review. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to assess content and construct validity, along with internal consistency reliability testing.

Results: A total of 369 pregnant women participated, primarily in their 30s (85.1%) and college-educated (79.1%). Content validity was high, with a scale-level content validity index of 0.99. Construct validity was confirmed through EFA and CFA, with the final model achieving satisfactory fit indices (χ²/df = 2.19, CFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.89, SRMR = 0.07, RMSEA = 0.06). The scale demonstrated high reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.93 for both subscales.

Conclusion: The validated Korean self-efficacy scale is a reliable tool for assessing pregnancy-related weight management behaviors. This culturally adapted instrument can support research and interventions promoting healthy eating and physical activity among Korean pregnant women.

Background: Diabetes is a lifestyle-related disease that is prevalent worldwide. Although the incidence rates differ by sex, there is no consensus on the factors influencing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in young men and women. To prevent diabetes and increase healthy life expectancy, it is important to understand the factors that affect HbA1c levels in men and women in their 20s.

Objectives: This study focuses on identifying the general characteristics and HbA1c levels of men and women in their 20s and explore the factors associated with HbA1c levels.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional secondary data analysis based on data from the 2022 and 2023 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, health status, and anthropometric characteristics of adults in their 20s (N = 998; 461 men, 537 women; mean age: 24.8 years) who had not been diagnosed with diabetes were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze factors affecting HbA1c levels (mean: 5.14%).

Results: Factors affecting HbA1c in men were higher body mass index (BMI; β = 0.17, p < .001), older age (β = 0.09, p = .038), and current smoking (β = 0.10, p = .024); and in women, higher BMI (β = 0.25, p < .001), living alone (β = 0.09, p = .037), and having a family history of diabetes (β = 0.11, p = .009).

Conclusions: Factors affecting HbA1c levels differ between men and women. Therefore, healthcare providers should be aware of these factors and provide tailored interventions for diabetes prevention.

Background: Parents of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often continue providing care for their children across the lifespan until they are no longer able, which can cause caregiver burden and affect their quality of life (QOL). To date, most of the research focuses on parents of young children with ASD, with only a small body of research on older parents of adults with ASD.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived caregiver health, QOL, availability of informal support, and number of formal supports differed by 3 levels of caregiver burden.

Methods: A total of 320 older parents (age ≥50 years) of adults with ASD participated in this cross-sectional survey research study that used multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) to understand the challenges of caregivers when compared by the perceived levels of caregiver burden.

Results: MANOVA indicated that better health, positive QOL, more availability of informal support, and use of fewer formal supports were associated with lower levels of caregiver burden (F_8,614 = 18.48, P < .001, ${\eta }_p^2$ = 0.19).

Conclusion: Given that high caregiver burden was associated with lower caregiver health, QOL, decreased availability of informal support, and greater use of formal supports, nurses and other health professionals should be cognizant that older parents need specialized attention.

Background: Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have an increased risk for high blood pressure (BP). Evidence suggests that arousals, total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) levels, inflammation, and body mass index (BMI) are associated with changes in BP. Yet, less is known about these relationships in school-aged children with OSA.

Objective: This study aimed to determine factors associated with BP in school-aged children with OSA.

Methods: A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of 163 school-aged children (mean age of 7.15 ± 1.16, 62% black, 54.6% female) who participated in the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial.

Results: Systolic BP (r = 0.21, p < .01) and diastolic BP (DBP; r = 0.22, p < .01) had a positive relationship with BMI percentiles. The relationship between BMI percentiles and DBP remained when accounting for race and OSA severity (β = 0.19, p = .02). DBP also had a positive relationship with the log percentage of TST with ETCO₂ ≥50 mmHg (r = 0.23, p < .01) that persisted when accounting for BMI percentiles, OSA severity, and race (β = 0.23, p = .004). No other significant relationships were found.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that BMI is a main driver of BP in school-aged children with OSA. Also, the percentage of TST with ETCO₂ ≥50 mmHg impacted BP in this sample and further research is needed to explore mechanisms behind these relationships. Clinicians and researchers should advocate for the assessment of all polysomnographic findings when assessing the risk for elevated BP and other comorbidities in children with OSA.