Western Journal of Nursing Research最新文献

Background: Research suggests that systemic inflammation may link loneliness to adverse health outcomes, yet there is a gap in comprehensively reviewing recent evidence on the relationship between loneliness and biological measures of inflammation in adults. This scoping review synthesizes current research to address the question: Is there a definitive link between loneliness and biological markers of inflammation in adults?

Methods: Following the methods outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, we developed a protocol, defined our research question, and systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus for English-language studies conducted from 2018 to 2023 exploring the relationship between loneliness and biomarkers of inflammation in adults.

Results: Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria displayed heterogeneity in terms of sample characteristics, loneliness scales, and inflammatory biomarkers. The UCLA Loneliness Scale, in various forms, emerged as the predominant tool for measuring loneliness, while C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were the most frequently evaluated inflammatory biomarkers. Notably, all 12 studies reported an association between loneliness and at least 1 biological marker of inflammation.

Conclusion: Research consistently associates loneliness with poor health outcomes in aging adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This scoping review suggests that inflammation may serve as a pathway linking loneliness to adverse health outcomes. However, the variability across studies highlights the need for standardized measurement methods and a consideration of both the duration and extent of loneliness. Enhancing our understanding of how loneliness affects systemic inflammation may help clarify why loneliness is associated with negative health outcomes.

Background: Previous findings demonstrated that healthcare workers with a high level of social support are likely to engage in their work. Healthcare workers are not only engaged in the physical problems of their patients but also in their emotional difficulties. Pediatric professionals must express and regulate their own emotions during their interactions with young patients and their families.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of coworkers' emotional support on healthcare workers' work engagement in pediatric healthcare settings and the emotional regulation mechanisms by which emotional coworker support leads to work engagement.

Method: A cross-sectional study was distributed in a Belgian pediatric hospital between October 2021 and December 2021. The sample consisted of 274 healthcare workers who were in direct contact with patients. Participants completed a questionnaire consisting of measures of coworker emotional support, work engagement, emotional suppression, and cognitive reevaluation.

Results: Emotional suppression partially mediated the effects of perceived emotional coworker support on work engagement. Coworkers' emotional support fosters work engagement by reducing the negative effects of emotional suppression. Moreover, cognitive evaluation was positively associated with work engagement.

Conclusions: These results provide insight into the influence of perceived emotional coworkers, emotional suppression, and cognitive reevaluation on work engagement.

Background: Sleep problems are prevalent among individuals diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), significantly impacting their overall quality of life.

Objective: This study sought to adopt a person-centered methodology to unveil the latent profiles of sleep quality and identify factors influencing sleep patterns in patients with GDM.

Methods: The cross-sectional study gathered sociodemographic features, clinical information, sleep problems (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), personality traits (Type D Personality Scale), social support (Perceived Social Support Scale), and self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale). Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify profiles of sleep quality, while multinomial logistic regression was employed to ascertain the factors influencing these identified profiles.

Results: Among the 431 participants, 423 (98.1%) completed the questionnaire, with 53.0% reporting moderate-to-poor sleep quality. This study identified 4 distinct profiles of sleep quality among patients with GDM: the "good sleep quality" group (47.0%), the "poor sleep quality-long sleep duration" group (10.0%), the "moderate sleep quality" group (25.3%), and the "poor sleep quality-short sleep duration" group (17.7%). Individuals with type D personality were associated with the "poor sleep quality-long sleep duration" [odds ratio (OR) = 3.21, P = .005], "moderate sleep quality" (OR = 2.65, P = .003), and "poor sleep quality-short sleep duration" group (OR = 2.31, P = .018). Individuals with a history of GDM were associated with "poor sleep quality-long sleep duration" group (OR = 3.46, P = .005).

Conclusions: The research revealed significant classification characteristics of sleep quality in patients with GDM, offering valuable insights for tailoring interventions to address distinct subcategories of sleep-related issues.

Background: Missed nursing care is a global issue that refers to any aspect of patient care that is partially or entirely omitted or delayed. Although many studies have examined the relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction, there is no synthesized evidence of these findings.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out by searching the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Springer Link. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment and Validity Tool for Correlational Studies. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analysis.

Results: Out of 13 619 identified reports, 8 studies involving 10 418 nurses were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. A significant negative relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction was identified, with the summary effect size of r = -0.294 (95% CI: -0.364 to -0.219, P < .001).

Conclusions: The meta-analysis presented evidence regarding the significance of missed care in influencing nurse job satisfaction. As missed nursing care decreases, nurses' job satisfaction may increase.

Background: There is limited availability and accessibility of health care facilities and services tailored to the specific health care needs of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) in the Philippines.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe SGMs' experiences with health care services in the Philippines.

Methods: Using a phenomenological design, interviews were conducted with participants recruited online through SGM networks and organizations. Individual, online-recorded interviews were conducted with 14 participants who were at least 18 years old, were Filipino nationals residing in the Philippines, self-identified as SGM, could comprehend and write in Filipino, and received any health care service within the past year. Data were entered and analyzed using the NVivo software.

Results: Three major themes emerged: patient-centered communication and relationship, holistic care, and caring environment. Participants identified the significance of genuine, affirming, and respectful communication in building positive relationships and continuing engagement with health care. Holistic care is embedded in clinical competence, gender sensitivity, continuity of care, and collaborative practice with other disciplines. A caring environment minimizes gender-related stigma and discrimination and promotes acceptance of diverse sexual identities.

Conclusion: Filipino SGMs face several multifaceted health care concerns and challenges stemming at the individual, institutional, and societal levels. Sexual and gender biases, stigma, and discrimination are major barriers to health care among SGMs. Promotion of culturally and gender-sensitive care among Filipino SGMs should involve training of health care providers and creation of programs and policies to understand and respect SGMs while considering social, cultural, and political influences on their health and well-being.

Objective: This study aimed to adapt, validate, and evaluate the feasibility of a mindful exercise program (Mindful Standing Yoga combined with Baduanjin) for older patients with primary osteoporosis.

Methods: The study was conducted in 3 stages. Stage 1 involved a qualitative focus group discussion with 6 experts to gather perspectives on modifying the exercise program. Stage 2 used a Delphi approach with another 6 experts to validate the program. In Stage 3, a feasibility study was conducted with 20 eligible patients (out of 23 initially enrolled) at a traditional Chinese medicine hospital, using a single-group pre- and posttest design. The strenuousness of the adapted exercise was assessed through heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Its effects were measured using the Global Pain Scale (GPS), the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF), the Tampa Kinesiophobia-11 Scale, and the Timed Up and Go test. Patient satisfaction and feedback were also collected.

Results: The modified program, consisting of 9 movements and taking 30 min to complete, was validated by experts as suitable, safe, and effective for practice. HR and RPE measurements confirmed it as a low-intensity exercise and not strenuous for the study population. The program significantly improved back pain and mindfulness in the feasibility study, with most participants expressing satisfaction with the protocol.

Conclusion: Experts and participants affirmed that the program was appropriate and satisfactory for older patients with primary osteoporosis, particularly those with back pain. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to validate its effectiveness.

Background: Although resourcefulness has been successfully taught during formal training programs, it can also be acquired informally through life experiences. Family caregivers have many opportunities for learning to be resourceful on their own and those who participate in research may acquire knowledge or skills that increase their resourcefulness. The effects of such differential experiences on the resourcefulness of family caregivers have not been examined over time.

Objective: This study compared changes in resourcefulness over time in caregivers who received no intervention, an educational program, biofeedback, or Resourcefulness Training^©.

Methods: This longitudinal analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial involved 219 caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder who completed the Resourcefulness Scale^© before no intervention, an educational program, biofeedback, or Resourcefulness Training, and at 6 and 12 months afterward. Differences across the groups were examined using RMANOVA. Patterns of mean scores including differences and linear trends in resourcefulness for the four groups were examined.

Results: Overall, caregivers increased linearly in resourcefulness over time [F(1,215) = 4.836, P = .015]. Although each group showed improvement in resourcefulness, caregivers who received Resourcefulness Training showed the greatest improvement from baseline (estimated mean = 88.244, SE = 2.734) at both 6 months (estimated mean = 92.610, SE = 2.813, P = .026) and 12 months post-intervention (estimated mean = 95.049, SE = 2.752, P = .003).

Conclusions: Consistent with resourcefulness theory, the findings showed caregivers of persons with bipolar disorder became more resourceful over time with or without formal training. However, those who received Resourcefulness Training demonstrated resourcefulness skills sooner and to a greater extent, thereby providing the rationale for formal Resourcefulness Training programs.

Background: Working at night leads to misalignment between the biological clock and the work/sleep schedule, resulting in sleepiness and impaired performance during the night shift and poor quality, shortened sleep during the day; this is greatly impaired in older individuals.

Objective: To describe night work and sleep experiences from the perspective of older (aged 50-65) nurses.

Methods: Seven virtual focus groups were formed comprising 19 older nurses who worked regular 8-hour night shifts (at least 6 consecutive hours between midnight and 6 am) to learn about their shift work and sleep experiences. Two facilitators and 2 research assistants independently reviewed and coded the transcripts using qualitative content analysis.

Results: Nine themes were identified in 3 domains: (a) night shift challenges and difficulties, including first night shift is most difficult; never feel rested working nights; and personal health concerns and benefits from working nights; (b) sleep challenges and difficulties, including inconsistent sleep timing when switching between nights and days; extended (24+ hours) time awake before and after consecutive nights; difficulty maintaining long and sound daytime sleep; and napping before night shifts for better performance; and (c) family and social challenges and support, including childcare, family, personal obligations, and social activities affect sleep; aging of self and children influences sleep and prioritization of sleep.

Conclusions: The findings help understand challenges and struggles to obtain adequate sleep and safe work performance in older night shift nurses. These insignts are critical for designing and implementing feasible and acceptable interventions to improve sleep in this high-risk occupational group.

Background: Coronary artery disease is a chronic condition that requires continuous adherence to healthy behaviors. Adhering to physical activity and reducing prolonged sedentary behavior are important for the physical health of older patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Health literacy is increasingly recognized as a key factor in secondary prevention for these patients. However, evidence regarding the associations among health literacy, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors for secondary prevention in older patients with coronary artery disease remains limited.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of limited health literacy and the influence of health literacy on physical activity and sedentary behaviors in older patients with CAD.

Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from May to December 2022 in South Korea. A total of 186 patients aged 65 and older diagnosed with coronary artery disease participated. Data on health literacy, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were collected through self-reported questionnaires and electronic medical records.

Results: The prevalence of limited health literacy in older patients was 66.7%. Hierarchical linear regression revealed that health literacy was a significant determinant of physical activity (β = -0.50, P < .001) and sedentary behaviors (β = 0.58, P < .001) after adjusting for confounding variables.

Conclusions: Our main findings showed that health literacy can facilitate improvements in physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Health literacy can facilitate health decisions for secondary prevention in older patients with CAD. Thus, healthcare professionals should assess patient health literacy and illness severity when designing secondary prevention programs.