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A comparative study of YOLO models and a transformer-based YOLOv5 model for mass detection in mammograms YOLO 模型与基于变压器的 YOLOv5 模型在乳房 X 射线照片质量检测方面的比较研究
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4048
Damla Coşkun, D. Karaboğa, Alper Bastürk, B. Akay, Ö. U. Nalbantoğlu, Serap Doğan, Ishak Pacal, Meryem Altin Karagöz
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引用次数: 0
LSAV: Lightweight source address validation in SDN to counteract IP spoofing-based DDoS attacks LSAV:SDN 中的轻量级源地址验证,抵御基于 IP 欺骗的 DDoS 攻击
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4042
Ali Karakoç, Fati̇h Alagöz
: In this paper, we propose a design to detect and prevent IP spoofing-based distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on software-defined networks (SDNs). DDoS attacks are still one of the significant problems for internet service providers (ISPs) and individual users. These attacks can disrupt customer services by targeting the availability of the system, and in some cases, they can completely shut down the target infrastructure. Protecting the system against DDoS attacks is therefore crucial for ensuring the reliability and availability of internet services. To address this problem, we propose a lightweight source address validation (LSAV) framework that leverages the flexibility of SDN architecture in ISP networks and employs a lightweight filtering mechanism that considers the cost of operation to maintain high performance. Our setup for the proposed mechanism reflects client–server communication through an ISP SDN, and we use the entry points to eliminate malicious user requests targeting the systems. We then propose a novel algorithm on top of this setup to introduce a new and more efficient approach to existing mitigation methodologies. In addition to filtering the traffic against IP spoofing-based DDoS attacks, LSAV also prioritizes low resource consumption and high performance in terms of delay and bandwidth. With this approach, we believe that ISPs can effectively defend against IP spoofing-based DDoS attacks while still preserving low resource consumption for the infrastructure and high-quality internet services for their customers.
:在本文中,我们提出了一种设计方案,用于检测和预防软件定义网络(SDN)上基于 IP 欺骗的分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击。DDoS 攻击仍然是互联网服务提供商(ISP)和个人用户面临的重大问题之一。这些攻击会破坏系统的可用性,从而中断客户服务,有时甚至会完全关闭目标基础设施。因此,保护系统免受 DDoS 攻击对于确保互联网服务的可靠性和可用性至关重要。为解决这一问题,我们提出了一种轻量级源地址验证(LSAV)框架,该框架充分利用了互联网服务提供商网络中 SDN 架构的灵活性,并采用了一种轻量级过滤机制,在保持高性能的同时考虑了运行成本。我们提出的机制设置反映了通过 ISP SDN 进行的客户端-服务器通信,我们利用入口点来消除针对系统的恶意用户请求。然后,我们在此基础上提出了一种新算法,为现有的缓解方法引入了一种更高效的新方法。除了过滤流量以抵御基于IP欺骗的DDoS攻击外,LSAV还优先考虑低资源消耗和高性能(延迟和带宽)。通过这种方法,我们相信互联网服务提供商可以有效抵御基于IP欺骗的DDoS攻击,同时还能为基础设施保留低资源消耗,为客户提供高质量的互联网服务。
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引用次数: 0
FuzzyCSampling: A Hybrid fuzzy c-means clustering sampling strategy for imbalanced datasets FuzzyCSampling:不平衡数据集的混合模糊 c-means 聚类采样策略
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4044
Abdullah Maraş, Çiğdem Selçukcan Erol
: Classification model with imbalanced datasets is recently one of the most researched areas in machine learning applications since they induce to the emergence of low-performing machine learning models. The imbalanced datasets occur if target variables have an uneven number of examples in a dataset. The most prevalent solutions to imbalanced datasets can be categorized as data preprocessing, ensemble techniques, and cost-sensitive learning. In this article, we propose a new hybrid approach for binary classification, named FuzzyCSampling, which aims to increase model performance by ensembling fuzzy c-means clustering and data sampling solutions. This article compares the proposed approaches’ results not only to the base model built on an imbalanced dataset but also to the previously presented state-of-the-art solutions undersampling, SMOTE oversampling, and Borderline Smote Oversampling. The model evaluation metrics for the comparison are accuracy, roc_auc score, precision, recall and F1-score. We evaluated the success of the brand-new proposed method on three different datasets having different imbalanced ratios and for three different machine learning algorithms (k-nearest neighbors algorithm, support vector machines and random forest). According to the experiments, FuzzyCSampling is an effective way to improve the model performance in the case of imbalanced datasets.
:不平衡数据集分类模型是最近机器学习应用中研究最多的领域之一,因为它们会导致低性能机器学习模型的出现。如果目标变量在数据集中的示例数量不均衡,就会出现不平衡数据集。针对不平衡数据集最普遍的解决方案可分为数据预处理、集合技术和成本敏感型学习。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的二元分类混合方法,名为 "模糊采样"(FuzzyCSampling),旨在通过集合模糊均值聚类和数据采样解决方案来提高模型性能。本文不仅将所提方法的结果与建立在不平衡数据集上的基础模型进行了比较,还将其与之前提出的最先进解决方案欠采样、SMOTE 过度采样和边界 Smote 过度采样进行了比较。比较的模型评估指标包括准确率、roc_auc 分数、精确度、召回率和 F1 分数。我们在具有不同不平衡比率的三个不同数据集和三种不同的机器学习算法(k-近邻算法、支持向量机和随机森林)上评估了全新方法的成功率。实验结果表明,模糊采样是提高不平衡数据集模型性能的有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
A practical low-dimensional feature vector generation method based on wavelet transform for psychophysiological signals 基于心理生理信号小波变换的实用低维特征向量生成方法
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4041
Erdem Erkan, Yasemin Erkan
: High-dimensional feature vectors entail computational cost and computational complexity. However, a successful classification can be obtained with an optimally sized feature vector consisting of distinctive features. With the widespread use of the internet and mobile devices, the need for systems with low computational costs is increasing day by day. In this study, starting from the idea that each motor imagery is represented as a subject-specific pattern in the brain, we propose a new and practical method that can generate a low-dimensional feature vector based on wavelet transform. The feature vector is obtained from the correlation between each trial and each class average. To investigate the effect of possible temporal shifts in the trial signals, the proposed method is analyzed with signal segments with different starting points and lengths. The effect of these signal segments on classification is shown. The proposed feature extraction approach is tested on two different datasets and the classification results are presented in comparison with previous studies. With the method proposed in this study, much lower-dimensional feature vectors are obtained compared to previous studies and very satisfactory results are obtained. It is observed that EEG signals related to motor imagery in the brain have a subject-specific pattern, and this pattern is successfully classified with a feature vector consisting of only 1 feature per class.
:高维特征向量会带来计算成本和计算复杂性。然而,通过优化由独特特征组成的特征向量的大小,可以获得成功的分类。随着互联网和移动设备的广泛应用,对低计算成本系统的需求与日俱增。在本研究中,我们从每个运动图像在大脑中都表现为特定主体模式的观点出发,提出了一种基于小波变换生成低维特征向量的实用新方法。该特征向量由每个试验和每个类平均值之间的相关性获得。为了研究试验信号中可能存在的时间偏移的影响,我们用不同起点和长度的信号片段对所提出的方法进行了分析。结果显示了这些信号片段对分类的影响。在两个不同的数据集上测试了所提出的特征提取方法,并将分类结果与之前的研究结果进行了对比。与之前的研究相比,本研究提出的方法获得了更低维的特征向量,并取得了非常令人满意的结果。研究发现,大脑中与运动图像相关的脑电信号具有特定的主体模式,而这种模式在每个类别只有一个特征向量的情况下就能成功分类。
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引用次数: 0
New modified carrier-based level-shifted PWM control for NPC rectifiers considered for implementation in EV fast chargers 考虑在电动汽车快速充电器中采用新的改进型载波电平偏移 PWM 控制 NPC 整流器
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4046
Merve Mollahasanoglu, Hakki Mollahasanoglu, H. Okumus
: In this study, the aim is to evaluate three-phase (3 ϕ ) AC/DC neutral point-clamped (NPC) power factor-corrected (PFC) multilevel converter performance for electric vehicle (EV) fast chargers. Power factor correction for EV fast chargers is very important in terms of efficient power usage and charger compatibility with the grid. Multilevel converters improve charging efficiency, reduce voltage stresses on components, minimize electromagnetic interference, and support high power capabilities. For this reason, multilevel converters with the PFC feature contribute to the reliable and effective operation of the fast-charging infrastructure. Rectifier analysis is tested with extensive simulations using a new modified carrier-based level-shifted pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique. The results obtained are in accordance with international standards. The proposed PWM technique provides low voltage regulation, low total harmonic distortion input current, unit input power factor, and a well-regulated DC bus voltage for the NPC rectifier in fast charging systems, and the system has high efficiency. In addition, the modulation method eliminates the need for an additional PFC circuit. The system demonstrates remarkable success in addressing critical parameters such as capacitor voltage balance. This modified carrier-based PWM is highly successful for NPC rectifiers designed for DC fast chargers, rated for power up to 300 kW. The simulation results of the DC fast charger system demonstrate the validity and flexibility of the proposed carrier-based level-shifted PWM method
:本研究旨在评估用于电动汽车(EV)快速充电器的三相(3 ϕ)交直流中性点钳位(NPC)功率因数校正(PFC)多电平转换器的性能。电动汽车快速充电器的功率因数校正对于高效用电和充电器与电网的兼容性非常重要。多电平转换器可提高充电效率,降低元件的电压应力,最大限度地减少电磁干扰,并支持高功率能力。因此,具有 PFC 功能的多电平转换器有助于快速充电基础设施可靠、有效地运行。整流器分析通过大量模拟进行了测试,使用的是一种新的基于载波的改进型电平偏移脉宽调制(PWM)技术。结果符合国际标准。所提出的 PWM 技术可为快速充电系统中的 NPC 整流器提供低电压调节、低总谐波失真的输入电流、单位输入功率因数和调节良好的直流母线电压,并且系统具有高能效。此外,这种调制方法无需额外的 PFC 电路。该系统在解决电容器电压平衡等关键参数方面取得了显著成功。这种改进的基于载波的 PWM 非常适用于为直流快速充电器设计的 NPC 整流器,其额定功率可达 300 kW。直流快速充电器系统的仿真结果证明了所提出的基于载波的电平偏移 PWM 方法的有效性和灵活性。
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引用次数: 0
A novel computing scheme based on pattern matching for identification of nephron loss and chronic kidney disease stage 基于模式匹配的新型计算方案,用于识别肾小球缺失和慢性肾病分期
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4045
Rehan Ahmad, Basant Mohanty
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the impact of training datasets on Turkish stance detection 探索训练数据集对土耳其语姿态检测的影响
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4043
Muhammed Said Zengin, Berk Utku Yeni̇sey, Mucahid Kutlu
: Stance detection has garnered considerable attention from researchers due to its broad range of applications, including fact-checking and social computing. While state-of-the-art stance detection models are usually based on supervised machine learning methods, their effectiveness is heavily reliant on the quality of training data. This problem is more prevalent in stance detection task because the stance of a text is intimately tied to the target under consideration. While numerous datasets exist for stance detection, determining their suitability for a specific target can be challenging. In this work, we focus on Turkish stance detection and explore the impact of training data on the model performance. In particular, we fine-tune BERT model with various datasets and assess their performance when the test data is the same/different compared to the training data in terms of target and domain. In addition, given the scarcity of resources for Turkish stance detection, we investigate i) whether we can use existing datasets in other languages in a cross-lingual setup, and ii) the effectiveness of data augmentation with simple automatic labeling methods. In order to conduct our experiments, we also create new Turkish stance detection datasets for various targets in different domains. In our comprehensive experiments, our findings are as follows. 1) Using training data with multiple targets in the same domain yields high performance as the model is able to learn more characteristics of expressing stance with additional data. 2) The domain of the training data plays a crucial role in achieving high performance. 3) Automatically generated data enhances performance when combined with manually annotated data. 4) Training solely on Turkish data outperforms training with the combination of Turkish and English data. Overall, our study points out the importance of creating Turkish annotated datasets for different domains to achieve high performance in stance detection.
:立场检测具有广泛的应用领域,包括事实核查和社交计算,因此受到研究人员的极大关注。最先进的立场检测模型通常基于有监督的机器学习方法,但其有效性在很大程度上取决于训练数据的质量。这个问题在立场检测任务中更为普遍,因为文本的立场与所考虑的目标密切相关。虽然有许多用于立场检测的数据集,但要确定这些数据集是否适用于特定目标却很有难度。在这项工作中,我们专注于土耳其语的立场检测,并探索训练数据对模型性能的影响。特别是,我们利用各种数据集对 BERT 模型进行了微调,并评估了当测试数据在目标和领域方面与训练数据相同/不同时的性能。此外,考虑到土耳其语立场检测资源的稀缺性,我们研究了 i) 我们是否可以在跨语言设置中使用其他语言的现有数据集,以及 ii) 使用简单的自动标记方法进行数据扩充的有效性。为了进行实验,我们还针对不同领域的不同目标创建了新的土耳其语立场检测数据集。在综合实验中,我们得出了以下结论。1) 使用同一领域中多个目标的训练数据会产生较高的性能,因为模型能够通过额外的数据学习到更多表达姿态的特征。2) 训练数据的领域对实现高性能起着至关重要的作用。3) 自动生成的数据与人工标注的数据相结合,可以提高性能。4) 仅使用土耳其语数据进行训练的效果优于结合土耳其语和英语数据进行训练的效果。总之,我们的研究指出了为不同领域创建土耳其语注释数据集对实现高性能姿态检测的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Machine learning based bioinformatics analysis of intron usage alterations and metabolic regulation in adipose browning 基于机器学习的生物信息学分析脂肪褐变中内含子用法的改变和代谢调控
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4049
Hamza Umut Karakurt, Pinar Pi̇r
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引用次数: 0
Charge transfer evaluation in solid insulating materials encapsulating the gaseous voids of submillimeter dimensions using transmission line method 利用传输线法评估封装亚毫米级气态空隙的固体绝缘材料中的电荷转移情况
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4040
Amin Shamsi, A. Ganjovi, Amirabbas Shayegani Akmal
: In this work, using a lumped RC circuit model which is based on transmission line modeling (TLM) method, the charge transfer in a solid insulating system encapsulating a gaseous void of submillimeter dimensions is evaluated. Here, both the dielectric material and gaseous void are considered simultaneously as a transmission line. The transmission line includes the capacitive and resistance elements and, the obtained circuit equations were coupled with the continuity and kinetic energy equations for charged species along with Poisson’s equation. These equations are solved via 4th order Runge-Kutta method and, the electric field and potential, density of all the charged species, discharge current and electron temperature are calculated in the gaseous media. Hence, the discharge propagation in the gaseous void and its mutual influences on dielectric medium are described. The partially penetration of electrons in the avalanche head into the anode dielectric bulk is shown, and it is observed that their movements towards the electrodes are much faster than ions. Besides, the total transferred charge particles at both the avalanche and streamer phases in the void is calculated. Besides, it was found that, the electrons temperature distribution completely influenced by electric field in the gaseous void. In addition, the effects of voids thickness and their location on the discharge current are examined. It is shown that, at the higher void thicknesses and for the cavities locating in the electrodes adjacent, the magnitude of discharge current increases
:在这项研究中,利用基于传输线建模(TLM)方法的整块 RC 电路模型,对封装亚毫米尺寸气态空隙的固体绝缘系统中的电荷传输进行了评估。在这里,介电材料和气态空隙同时被视为传输线。传输线包括电容和电阻元件,得到的电路方程与带电体的连续性和动能方程以及泊松方程相耦合。这些方程通过四阶 Runge-Kutta 方法求解,并计算出气体介质中的电场和电势、所有带电物质的密度、放电电流和电子温度。因此,放电在气体空隙中的传播及其对介质的相互影响得到了描述。研究显示了电子在雪崩头中向阳极电介质体的部分穿透,并观察到电子向电极的运动比离子快得多。此外,还计算了空隙中雪崩阶段和流线阶段转移的总电荷粒子。此外,还发现电子的温度分布完全受气态空隙中电场的影响。此外,还研究了空隙厚度及其位置对放电电流的影响。结果表明,当空隙厚度越大、空隙位置越靠近电极时,放电电流的大小会增加
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引用次数: 0
Feature selection optimization with filtering and wrapper methods: two disease classification cases 使用过滤和包装方法优化特征选择:两个疾病分类案例
IF 1.1 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0632.4050
Serhat Ati̇k, Tuǧba Dalyan
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
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