Transport Theory and Statistical Physics最新文献

英文中文

Whole lifecycle observation of single-spore germinated Streptomyces using a nanogap-stabilized microfluidic chip. 利用纳米间隙稳定微流控芯片对单孢发芽链霉菌的整个生命周期进行观察。

IF 5.4

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2022-09-24 eCollection Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12039

Dongwei Chen, Mengyue Nie, Wei Tang, Yuwei Zhang, Jian Wang, Ying Lan, Yihua Chen, Wenbin Du

Streptomyces is a model bacterium to study multicellular differentiation and the major reservoir for antibiotics discovery. However, the cellular-level lifecycle of Streptomyces has not been well studied due to its complexity and lack of research tools that can mimic their natural conditions. In this study, we developed a simple microfluidic chip for the cultivation and observation of the entire lifecycle of Streptomyces development from the single-cell perspective. The chip consists of channels for loading samples and supplying nutrients, microwell arrays for the seeding and growth of single spores, and air chambers beside the microwells that facilitate the development of aerial hyphae and spores. A unique feature of this chip is that each microwell is surrounded by a 1.5 µm nanogap connected to an air chamber, which provides a stabilized water-air interface. We used this chip to observe the lifecycle development of Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces griseus germinated from single spores, which revealed differentiation of aerial hyphae with progeny spores at micron-scale water-air interfaces and air chambers. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability of this chip in phenotypic assays by showing that the microbial hormone A-Factor is involved in the regulatory pathways of aerial hyphae and spore formation. The microfluidic chip could become a robust tool for studying multicellular differentiation, single-spore heterogeneity, and secondary metabolism of single-spore germinated Streptomyces.

链霉菌是研究多细胞分化的模式菌，也是发现抗生素的主要资源库。然而，由于链霉菌细胞级生命周期的复杂性以及缺乏可模拟其自然条件的研究工具，对其的研究还不够深入。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种简单的微流控芯片，用于从单细胞角度培养和观察链霉菌发育的整个生命周期。该芯片由用于装载样品和提供营养物质的通道、用于单孢子播种和生长的微孔阵列以及微孔旁用于促进气生菌丝和孢子发育的气室组成。该芯片的一个独特之处是每个微孔周围都有一个 1.5 微米的纳米间隙与气室相连，从而提供了一个稳定的水气界面。我们利用该芯片观察了从单孢子发芽的 Streptomyces coelicolor 和 Streptomyces griseus 的生命周期发育过程，结果显示，在微米级的水气界面和气室中，气生菌丝与原生孢子发生了分化。最后，我们证明了这一芯片在表型测定中的适用性，表明微生物激素 A-因子参与了气生菌丝和孢子形成的调控途径。微流控芯片可以成为研究多细胞分化、单孢子异质性和单孢子发芽链霉菌次生代谢的有力工具。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial Board EOV 编辑委员会EOV

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2013.941269

引用次数: 0

Rigorous Asymptotic and Moment-Preserving Diffusion Approximations for Generalized Linear Boltzmann Transport in Arbitrary Dimension 任意维广义线性玻尔兹曼输运的严格渐近和保矩扩散近似

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2014.910231

Eugene d'Eon

We derive new diffusion solutions to the monoenergetic generalized linear Boltzmann transport equation for the stationary collision density and scalar flux about an isotropic point source in an infinite d-dimensional absorbing medium with isotropic scattering. We consider both classical transport theory with exponentially distributed free paths in arbitrary dimensions as well as a number of nonclassical transport theories (nonexponential random flights) that describe a broader class of transport processes within partially correlated random media. New rigorous asymptotic diffusion approximations are derived where possible. We also generalize Grosjean’s moment-preserving approach of separating the first (or uncollided) distribution from the collided portion and approximating only the latter using diffusion. We find that for any spatial dimension and for many free-path distributions Grosjean’s approach produces compact, analytic approximations that are, overall, more accurate for high absorption and for small source-detector separations than either P1 diffusion or rigorous asymptotic diffusion. These diffusion-based approximations are exact in the first two even spatial moments, which we derive explicitly for various nonclassical transport types. We also discuss connections between the random-flight-theory derivation of the Green’s function and the discrete spectrum of the transport operator and report some new observations regarding the discrete eigenvalues of the transport operator for general dimensions and free-path distributions.

在具有各向同性散射的无限d维吸收介质中，导出了关于各向同性点源的稳态碰撞密度和标量通量的单能广义线性玻尔兹曼输运方程的新的扩散解。我们考虑在任意维度上具有指数分布自由路径的经典输运理论，以及一些描述部分相关随机介质内更广泛输运过程的非经典输运理论(非指数随机飞行)。在可能的地方推导出新的严格渐近扩散近似。我们还推广了格罗斯让的矩保持方法，即将第一个(或未碰撞)分布与碰撞部分分离，并仅使用扩散近似后者。我们发现，对于任何空间维度和许多自由路径分布，格罗斯让的方法产生了紧凑的解析近似，总的来说，对于高吸收和小源探测器分离，比P1扩散或严格渐近扩散更准确。这些基于扩散的近似在前两个偶数空间矩中是精确的，我们明确地推导了各种非经典输运类型。我们还讨论了格林函数的随机飞行理论推导与输运算子的离散谱之间的联系，并报告了关于一般维数和自由路径分布下输运算子的离散特征值的一些新的观察结果。

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引用次数: 25

A Comparison of Moment Closures for Linear Kinetic Transport Equations: The Line Source Benchmark 线性动力学输运方程矩闭包的比较:线源基准

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2014.910226

C. Garrett, C. Hauck

We discuss several moment closure models for linear kinetic equations that have been developed over the past few years as alternatives to classical spectral and collocation methods. We then present numerical simulation results for a challenging benchmark problem known as the line source and observe the relative strengths and weaknesses of each closure. The results should prove useful for application scientists in making decisions about which methods are best suited to a given problem. They also provide a guide to help numerical experts who are interested in developing new, improved methods.

我们讨论了线性动力学方程的几个矩闭模型，这些模型在过去几年中作为经典谱和配置方法的替代方案而发展起来。然后，我们给出了一个具有挑战性的基准问题的数值模拟结果，称为线源，并观察每个闭包的相对优势和劣势。结果应该证明对应用科学家在决定哪种方法最适合给定问题时是有用的。他们还提供了一个指南，以帮助有兴趣开发新的，改进的方法的数值专家。

引用次数: 64

Three-Dimensional Inverse Transport Solver Based on Compressive Sensing Technique 基于压缩感知技术的三维逆向传输求解器

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2014.919324

Y. Cheng, Hongchun Wu, Liangzhi Cao, Youqi Zheng

According to the direct exposure measurements from flash radiographic image, a compressive sensing-based method for three-dimensional inverse transport problem is presented. The linear absorption coefficients and interface locations of objects are reconstructed directly at the same time. It is always very expensive to obtain enough measurements. With limited measurements, compressive sensing sparse reconstruction technique orthogonal matching pursuit is applied to obtain the sparse coefficients by solving an optimization problem. A three-dimensional inverse transport solver is developed based on a compressive sensing-based technique. There are three features in this solver: (1) AutoCAD is employed as a geometry preprocessor due to its powerful capacity in graphic. (2) The forward projection matrix rather than Gauss matrix is constructed by the visualization tool generator. (3) Fourier transform and Daubechies wavelet transform are adopted to convert an underdetermined system to a well-posed system in the algorithm. Simulations are performed and numerical results in pseudo-sine absorption problem, two-cube problem and two-cylinder problem when using compressive sensing-based solver agree well with the reference value.

根据闪光射线图像的直接曝光测量结果，提出了一种基于压缩感知的三维反输运问题求解方法。同时直接重建了物体的线性吸收系数和界面位置。获得足够的测量值总是非常昂贵的。在测量值有限的情况下，采用压缩感知稀疏重建技术，通过求解优化问题获得稀疏系数。提出了一种基于压缩感知技术的三维逆向输运求解方法。该求解器有三个特点:(1)利用AutoCAD强大的图形处理能力作为几何预处理器。(2)利用可视化工具生成器构造正演投影矩阵，而不是高斯矩阵。(3)算法采用傅里叶变换和Daubechies小波变换将欠定系统转化为良定系统。利用基于压缩感知的求解器对伪正弦吸收问题、二立方问题和两圆柱问题进行了仿真，结果与参考值吻合较好。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the Optical Properties of CdSe/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dot Embedded in an MEH-PPV Polymer Matrix 嵌入MEH-PPV聚合物基体的CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点光学性质研究

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2014.922481

Issam Hemdana, M. Mahdouani, R. Bourguiga

In this work, the role of poly[2-méthoxy-5-(2-éthyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phénylène-vinylène] (MEH-PPV) as conducting polymer on the optical properties of the composite CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots has been investigated. The optical properties of MEH-PPV polymer coated CdSe/ZnS composites are found to be dependent on the size of the quantum dot. A smaller CdSe quantum dot ensures a high exciton energy and smaller radiative lifetime. We found that the radiative lifetime in CdSe/ZnS embedded in MEH-PPV polymeric matrix is higher than that in CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dot. We also investigate the temperature dependence of the radiative lifetime over a temperature range from 100K to 300K; the temperature dependence of the radiative lifetime follows a quasi-exponential law. Consequently, the increasing temperature reduces the optical gap of MEH-PPV(CdSe/ZnS) polymer-CSQD. We found that the greater radiative lifetime corresponded to the larger values of temperatures.

本文研究了聚酰亚胺[2- msm -5-(2- msm -己基氧基)-1,4- phsm - -乙烯基] (MEH-PPV)作为导电聚合物对复合CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点光学性能的影响。发现MEH-PPV聚合物包覆CdSe/ZnS复合材料的光学性质与量子点的大小有关。较小的CdSe量子点保证了较高的激子能量和较小的辐射寿命。我们发现嵌入在MEH-PPV聚合物基体中的CdSe/ZnS的辐射寿命高于嵌入在CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点中的辐射寿命。我们还研究了辐射寿命在100K到300K温度范围内的温度依赖性;辐射寿命与温度的关系遵循准指数规律。因此，温度的升高减小了MEH-PPV(CdSe/ZnS)聚合物- csqd的光隙。我们发现，辐射寿命越长，温度越高。

引用次数: 1

Comparing Two Opacity Models in Monte Carlo Radiative Heat Transfer: Computational Efficiency and Parallel Load Balancing 蒙特卡罗辐射传热中两种不透明模型的比较:计算效率和并行负载平衡

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2014.912058

M. Cleveland, T. Palmer

Thermal heating from radiative heat transfer can have a significant effect on combustion systems. A variety of models have been developed to represent the strongly varying opacities found in combustion gases (Goutiere et al., 2000). This work evaluates the computational efficiency and load balance issues associated with two opacity models implemented in a 3D parallel Monte Carlo solver: the spectral-line-based weighted sum of gray gases (SLW) (Denison and Webb, 1993) and the spectral line-by-line (LBL) (Wang and Modest, 2007) opacity models. The parallel performance of the opacity models is evaluated using the Su and Olson (1999) frequency-dependent semi-analytic benchmark problem. Weak scaling, strong scaling, and history scaling studies were performed and comparisons were made for each opacity model. Comparisons of load balance sensitivities to these types of scaling were also evaluated. It was found that the SLW model has some attributes that might be valuable in a select set of parallel problems.

辐射传热产生的热加热对燃烧系统有重要影响。已经开发了各种模型来表示燃烧气体中发现的强烈变化的不透明度(Goutiere et al.， 2000)。这项工作评估了在三维并行蒙特卡罗求解器中实现的两种不透明度模型相关的计算效率和负载平衡问题:基于谱线的灰色气体加权和(SLW) (Denison和Webb, 1993)和逐行谱线(LBL) (Wang和Modest, 2007)不透明度模型。使用Su和Olson(1999)频率相关的半解析基准问题来评估不透明度模型的并行性能。进行弱标度、强标度和历史标度研究，并对每种不透明度模型进行比较。还评估了负载平衡对这些扩展类型的敏感性的比较。我们发现，SLW模型具有一些属性，在一组选定的并行问题中可能是有价值的。

引用次数: 0

Existence and Stability Results for Second-Order Stochastic Equations Driven by Fractional Brownian Motion 分数阶布朗运动驱动二阶随机方程的存在性和稳定性结果

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-09-19 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2014.910813

P. Revathi, R. Sakthivel, Dae-Yup Song, Yong Ren, Pei Zhang

Fractional Brownian motion has been widely used to model a number of phenomena in diverse fields of science and engineering. In this article, we investigate the existence, uniqueness and stability of mild solutions for a class of second-order nonautonomous neutral stochastic evolution equations with infinite delay driven by fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with Hurst parameter H ∈ (1/2, 1) in Hilbert spaces. More precisely, using semigroup theory and successive approximation approach, we establish a set of sufficient conditions for obtaining the required result under the assumption that coefficients satisfy non-Lipschitz condition with Lipschitz condition being considered as a special case. Further, the result is deduced to study the second-order autonomous neutral stochastic equations with fBm. The results generalize and improve some known results. Finally, as an application, stochastic wave equation with infinite delay driven by fractional Brownian motion is provided to illustrate the obtained theory.

分数阶布朗运动已被广泛应用于科学和工程领域的许多现象的建模。在Hilbert空间中，研究了一类由分数阶布朗运动驱动的二阶非自治中立型无限延迟随机演化方程(fBm)的存在性、唯一性和稳定性，该方程具有Hurst参数H∈(1/ 2,1)。更确切地说，我们利用半群理论和逐次逼近方法，在系数满足非Lipschitz条件的前提下，以Lipschitz条件为特例，建立了得到所需结果的充分条件。在此基础上，进一步推导了二阶自主中立型随机方程的研究结果。结果推广和改进了一些已知的结果。最后，作为应用，给出了分数阶布朗运动驱动下的无限延迟随机波动方程来说明所得到的理论。

引用次数: 9

Phonon Transport in Silicon Thin Film: Effect of Temperature Oscillation on Effective Thermal Conductivity 硅薄膜中的声子输运:温度振荡对有效导热系数的影响

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2014.886593

S. Bin Mansoor, B. Yilbas

In this article, we consider phonon transport in thin silicon film and examine the influence of temporal oscillation of the temperature heat source on the phonon transport. We solve the frequency-dependent transient two-dimensional Boltzmann equation numerically to observe the quasi-ballistic effects of the phonons on the film effective thermal conductivity. Temperature oscillation at different periods is incorporated at the bottom face of the film as a heat source. The size of the temperature source is varied by introducing the spatial Gaussian distribution along this face. In order to assess the phonon distribution in the film, we introduce the equivalent equilibrium temperature. We determine the effective thermal conductivity of the film and analyze its variation due to the different periods of the temperature oscillation and the Gaussian parameters. It is found that reducing the period of the temperature oscillation lowers the effective thermal conductivity of the film, which is more pronounced for low Gaussian parameters. In this case, the quasi-ballistic behavior of phonons contributes adversely to the effective thermal conductivity of the film.

本文考虑了硅薄膜中的声子输运，并研究了温度热源的时间振荡对声子输运的影响。通过数值求解频率相关的二维瞬态玻尔兹曼方程，观察声子对薄膜有效导热系数的准弹道效应。在不同时期的温度振荡被纳入薄膜的底面作为热源。通过引入沿该面分布的空间高斯分布来改变温度源的大小。为了评估声子在薄膜中的分布，我们引入了等效平衡温度。我们测定了薄膜的有效导热系数，并分析了其在不同温度振荡周期和高斯参数下的变化。研究发现，温度振荡周期的减小会降低薄膜的有效导热系数，这在低高斯参数下更为明显。在这种情况下，声子的准弹道行为不利于薄膜的有效导热性。

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引用次数: 6

Stability of the Essential Spectrum for Singular Transport Semigroups with Periodic Boundary Conditions 具有周期边界条件的奇异输运半群本质谱的稳定性

Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

Pub Date : 2013-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/00411450.2014.886592

Peng Zhao, Jun-guo Jia, Meng Xu

In this article, the well posedness of the Cauchy problem associated to transport equations with singular cross-sections (i.e., unbounded collision frequencies and unbounded collision operators) on Lp spaces with periodic boundary conditions is discussed, and some compactness (or weak compactness) of the first order remainder term of the Dyson-Phillips expansion for a large class of singular collision operators is proved on Lp(1 < p < ∞) (or L1) spaces. Thus, this allows us to evaluate the essential type of the transport semigroup from which the asymptotic behavior and the well posedness of the solution is derived. Consequently, the stability of the essential spectrum is concluded.

本文讨论了具有周期边界条件的Lp空间上具有奇异截面(即无界碰撞频率和无界碰撞算子)的输运方程的Cauchy问题的适定性，并在Lp(1 < p <∞)(或L1)空间上证明了一类大型奇异碰撞算子的Dyson-Phillips展开的一阶余项的紧性(或弱紧性)。因此，这允许我们评估传输半群的基本类型，由此导出解的渐近性和适定性。从而得出了本质谱的稳定性。

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Transport Theory and Statistical Physics

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