Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106284
Marco Casini, Andrea Garulli
This paper introduces a new family of pursuit strategies for multi-pursuer single-evader games in a planar environment. The main idea is to exploit conditions under which capture of the evader in minimum time can be achieved by only two pursuers. The first contribution is to characterize such conditions in terms of the agent positions. Then, new pursuit strategies are proposed in which the multi-pursuer team aims to meet such conditions, switching to a two-pursuer game once they are satisfied. The benefit of this approach is twofold. First, it is shown that naive strategies that are in general unsuccessful can be turned into winning strategies by switching to the appropriate two-pursuer game. Second, the switching mechanism significantly enhances the performance of existing pursuit algorithms, like those based on Voronoi partitions. This is demonstrated by means of extensive numerical simulations.
{"title":"Switching pursuit strategies for multi-pursuer single-evader games","authors":"Marco Casini, Andrea Garulli","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a new family of pursuit strategies for multi-pursuer single-evader games in a planar environment. The main idea is to exploit conditions under which capture of the evader in minimum time can be achieved by only two pursuers. The first contribution is to characterize such conditions in terms of the agent positions. Then, new pursuit strategies are proposed in which the multi-pursuer team aims to meet such conditions, switching to a two-pursuer game once they are satisfied. The benefit of this approach is twofold. First, it is shown that naive strategies that are in general unsuccessful can be turned into winning strategies by switching to the appropriate two-pursuer game. Second, the switching mechanism significantly enhances the performance of existing pursuit algorithms, like those based on Voronoi partitions. This is demonstrated by means of extensive numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106283
Yuhan Xie , Sanbo Ding , Nannan Rong
This paper is concerned with the event-triggered distributed set-membership estimation problem for two-dimensional (2-D) systems over resource-constrained sensor networks. Sensors exchange information through a novel 2-D periodic event-triggered mechanism (PETM). In contrast to existing results, the resulting scheme circumvents the continuous calculations by sensors in the horizontal and vertical dimensions thus it reduces the signal scheduling loss. Such mechanism takes care of resource scarcity in 2-D systems while its design is consistent with the iterative principle of 2-D signals. Meanwhile, the triggered threshold parameter is designed as an adaptive mode, which varies with the operating state of sensor networks. In order to compensate for the negative impact of periodic sampling signals on the estimator design, a set of 2-D piecewise auxiliary functions are constructed to analyse sawtooth-like constraints from a plane perspective. Incorporating recursive convex optimization algorithms, a co-design criterion is derived to determine the desired estimator gains and event-triggered weight matrices. Finally, the comparative simulation result is provided to highlight the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"A periodic event-triggered approach to distributed set-membership estimation for 2-D systems over sensor networks","authors":"Yuhan Xie , Sanbo Ding , Nannan Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is concerned with the event-triggered distributed set-membership estimation problem for two-dimensional (2-D) systems over resource-constrained sensor networks. Sensors exchange information through a novel 2-D periodic event-triggered mechanism (PETM). In contrast to existing results, the resulting scheme circumvents the continuous calculations by sensors in the horizontal and vertical dimensions thus it reduces the signal scheduling loss. Such mechanism takes care of resource scarcity in 2-D systems while its design is consistent with the iterative principle of 2-D signals. Meanwhile, the triggered threshold parameter is designed as an adaptive mode, which varies with the operating state of sensor networks. In order to compensate for the negative impact of periodic sampling signals on the estimator design, a set of 2-D piecewise auxiliary functions are constructed to analyse sawtooth-like constraints from a plane perspective. Incorporating recursive convex optimization algorithms, a co-design criterion is derived to determine the desired estimator gains and event-triggered weight matrices. Finally, the comparative simulation result is provided to highlight the superiority of the proposed algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106266
Xinwei Feng , Jianhui Huang , Yunxiao Jia
We study a new class of mean-field-team problems with model uncertainty. Compared with other uncertainty works, one novel feature in our modeling is the presence of two weakly-coupled cooperative sub-systems in a large population context, both of which face the same model uncertainty but have different degrees or beliefs regarding it. Note that such belief gap cannot be filled because of the intrinsic distributed information across agents in a team formation so communications are not allowed. A natural issue then is how to construct a robust cooperative team strategy to realize the social optima for the two sub-systems on a worst-case basis, while taking into account the asymmetric beliefs of uncertainty. We examine this issue through a two-step scheme. As illustration, the first step is primarily for sake of completion and comparison purpose, by postulating the two sub-systems are symmetric with model certainty. In this case, we verify a commutative equivalence principle that shows it makes no difference for these sub-systems to utilize the team strategies in either asynchronous (leader–follower) or synchronous (Nash) patterns. By contrast, the second step tackles the case with (asymmetric) uncertainties, and shows that the commutative equivalence no longer holds true. We discuss the Nash robust design in details since it is more efficient in practice. Specifically, applying the soft constraint analysis on two sub-systems but with distinct attenuation penalties, we analyze the related Nash equilibrium of robust design, and derive an augmented mirrored consistency system from a robust but bilateral Nash perspective reflecting the uncertainty distinctions.
{"title":"Robust linear–quadratic mean-field-team with heterogeneous beliefs","authors":"Xinwei Feng , Jianhui Huang , Yunxiao Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study a new class of mean-field-team problems with model uncertainty. Compared with other uncertainty works, one novel feature in our modeling is the presence of two weakly-coupled <em>cooperative</em> sub-systems in a large population context, both of which face the same model uncertainty but have different degrees or beliefs regarding it. Note that such belief gap cannot be filled because of the intrinsic <em>distributed</em> information across agents in a team formation so communications are not allowed. A natural issue then is how to construct a robust cooperative team strategy to realize the social optima for the two sub-systems on a worst-case basis, while taking into account the asymmetric beliefs of uncertainty. We examine this issue through a two-step scheme. As illustration, the first step is primarily for sake of completion and comparison purpose, by postulating the two sub-systems are symmetric with model certainty. In this case, we verify a <em>commutative equivalence principle</em> that shows it makes no difference for these sub-systems to utilize the team strategies in either <em>asynchronous</em> (leader–follower) or <em>synchronous</em> (Nash) patterns. By contrast, the second step tackles the case with (asymmetric) uncertainties, and shows that the commutative equivalence no longer holds true. We discuss the Nash robust design in details since it is more efficient in practice. Specifically, applying the soft constraint analysis on two sub-systems but with distinct attenuation penalties, we analyze the related Nash equilibrium of robust design, and derive an augmented <em>mirrored</em> consistency system from a robust but bilateral Nash perspective reflecting the uncertainty distinctions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145420028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106270
Yan Dolinsky
In this work we study the continuous time exponential utility maximization problem in the framework of an investor who is informed about the risky asset’s price changes with a delay. This leads to a non-Markovian stochastic control problem. In the case where the risky asset is given by a Gaussian process (with some additional properties) we establish a solution for the optimal control and the corresponding value. Our approach is purely probabilistic and is based on the theory for Radon–Nikodym derivatives of Gaussian measures developed by Shepp (1966) and Hitsuda (1968).
{"title":"Exponential utility maximization with delay in a continuous time Gaussian framework","authors":"Yan Dolinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we study the continuous time exponential utility maximization problem in the framework of an investor who is informed about the risky asset’s price changes with a delay. This leads to a non-Markovian stochastic control problem. In the case where the risky asset is given by a Gaussian process (with some additional properties) we establish a solution for the optimal control and the corresponding value. Our approach is purely probabilistic and is based on the theory for Radon–Nikodym derivatives of Gaussian measures developed by Shepp (1966) and Hitsuda (1968).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106267
Yong Ren , Xueping Wang , Yin Wu
In this paper, we aim to discuss the finite-time stability theorem for distribution dependent stochastic differential equations (DDSDEs, in short). The criteria on finite time attractiveness in probability and settling time function of DDSDEs are established by means of Lyapunov functional method. An example is given to show the theoretical results.
{"title":"Finite-time stability for distribution dependent SDEs","authors":"Yong Ren , Xueping Wang , Yin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we aim to discuss the finite-time stability theorem for distribution dependent stochastic differential equations (DDSDEs, in short). The criteria on finite time attractiveness in probability and settling time function of DDSDEs are established by means of Lyapunov functional method. An example is given to show the theoretical results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 106267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106268
Haofeng Xu , Quanxin Zhu , Wei Xing Zheng
This article is dedicated to investigation of the stability for impulsive stochastic nonlinear systems involving random delays. By utilizing the stochastic analysis approach together with impulsive delayed differential inequality, we obtain some novel criteria of global weak stochastic exponential stability for addressed systems. Different from the majority of previous works that focused on the constant/time-dependent delay, delay in the continuous dynamical system is state-dependent, which is in fact a random variable for any fixed time and its range is exactly unknown. Additionally, delays in impulses depend on the integral of a piecewise continuous and sign-changing function over the interval between two adjacent impulse instants and they can be flexible enough, i.e., sufficiently large or small. Finally, two numerical examples with simulations are given to support the usefulness and the novelty of the derived results.
{"title":"Stability of impulsive stochastic nonlinear systems involving random delays","authors":"Haofeng Xu , Quanxin Zhu , Wei Xing Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article is dedicated to investigation of the stability for impulsive stochastic nonlinear systems involving random delays. By utilizing the stochastic analysis approach together with impulsive delayed differential inequality, we obtain some novel criteria of global weak stochastic exponential stability for addressed systems. Different from the majority of previous works that focused on the constant/time-dependent delay, delay in the continuous dynamical system is state-dependent, which is in fact a random variable for any fixed time and its range is exactly unknown. Additionally, delays in impulses depend on the integral of a piecewise continuous and sign-changing function over the interval between two adjacent impulse instants and they can be flexible enough, i.e., sufficiently large or small. Finally, two numerical examples with simulations are given to support the usefulness and the novelty of the derived results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106269
Han Yu , Song Zhu , Huabin Chen , Shiping Wen , Chaoxu Mu
For a category of highly nonlinear hybrid stochastic delay systems, its stability in distribution is investigated. To allow the model to better capture the dependence of the system on past states, the structure with unbounded non-differentiable time delay and neutral term is further considered. The global solution, as an essential step in studying stochastic systems, a generalized Hasminskii-type theorem is initially formulated to explain its existence and uniqueness. Then, we present several significant lemmas to explore the stability in distribution of this system and propose some sufficient conditions. The results obtained are confirmed using examples to ensure their precision and credibility.
{"title":"A new criterion on stability in distribution for hybrid neutral stochastic delay systems","authors":"Han Yu , Song Zhu , Huabin Chen , Shiping Wen , Chaoxu Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For a category of highly nonlinear hybrid stochastic delay systems, its stability in distribution is investigated. To allow the model to better capture the dependence of the system on past states, the structure with unbounded non-differentiable time delay and neutral term is further considered. The global solution, as an essential step in studying stochastic systems, a generalized Hasminskii-type theorem is initially formulated to explain its existence and uniqueness. Then, we present several significant lemmas to explore the stability in distribution of this system and propose some sufficient conditions. The results obtained are confirmed using examples to ensure their precision and credibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106264
Chenyi Wang, Qiang Ling, Yuan Liu
This paper focuses on the secure control of quantized cyber–physical systems (CPSs) under hybrid attacks, including denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and deception attacks. The joint effects of hybrid attacks and finite bit rate constraints may induce quantization saturation and sensor–controller information mismatch. To avoid quantization saturation, we propose a dynamic bit rate (DBR) quantization strategy and a switching time-/event-triggering (STET) strategy. Compared to existing methods, our strategies can reduce the required stabilizing bit rate while maintaining system resilience against attacks. Moreover, a novel state estimate compensation strategy is proposed to resolve the sensor–controller information mismatch. Sufficient stabilizing bit rate conditions are derived. An example system is further simulated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
{"title":"Switching time-/event-triggered control of cyber–physical systems under hybrid attacks and finite bit rates","authors":"Chenyi Wang, Qiang Ling, Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the secure control of quantized cyber–physical systems (CPSs) under hybrid attacks, including denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and deception attacks. The joint effects of hybrid attacks and finite bit rate constraints may induce quantization saturation and sensor–controller information mismatch. To avoid quantization saturation, we propose a dynamic bit rate (DBR) quantization strategy and a switching time-/event-triggering (STET) strategy. Compared to existing methods, our strategies can reduce the required stabilizing bit rate while maintaining system resilience against attacks. Moreover, a novel state estimate compensation strategy is proposed to resolve the sensor–controller information mismatch. Sufficient stabilizing bit rate conditions are derived. An example system is further simulated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106262
Hao Yu, Xiu-xia Yang, Yi Zhang, Wen-qiang Yao
This paper develops a cooperative control scheme for heterogeneous MAS (multi-agent system) to address the tracking and fencing problem of a non-cooperative maneuvering target. The proposed hierarchical scheme achieves multi-objective cooperative control of state estimation, tracking-fencing, and guidance. Firstly, a prescribed-time convergent distributed observer is constructed to achieve rapid and accurate estimation of unknown target motion. Secondly, an adaptive tracking controller with unknown input compensation is designed to maintain stable tracking with a time-varying formation configuration. Thirdly, a second-order center state estimator is developed to resolve state dimensionality discrepancies across heterogeneous platforms, providing precise guidance information for low-dimensional agents. Finally, a fencing controller with collision avoidance constraints and an angle tracking controller are designed, enabling the agents to self-organize into a stable fencing configuration. Simulations confirm that the proposed method enables cooperative tracking-fencing against unknown target maneuvers via heterogeneous agents.
{"title":"Cooperative target tracking-fencing control for heterogeneous MAS","authors":"Hao Yu, Xiu-xia Yang, Yi Zhang, Wen-qiang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops a cooperative control scheme for heterogeneous MAS (multi-agent system) to address the tracking and fencing problem of a non-cooperative maneuvering target. The proposed hierarchical scheme achieves multi-objective cooperative control of state estimation, tracking-fencing, and guidance. Firstly, a prescribed-time convergent distributed observer is constructed to achieve rapid and accurate estimation of unknown target motion. Secondly, an adaptive tracking controller with unknown input compensation is designed to maintain stable tracking with a time-varying formation configuration. Thirdly, a second-order center state estimator is developed to resolve state dimensionality discrepancies across heterogeneous platforms, providing precise guidance information for low-dimensional agents. Finally, a fencing controller with collision avoidance constraints and an angle tracking controller are designed, enabling the agents to self-organize into a stable fencing configuration. Simulations confirm that the proposed method enables cooperative tracking-fencing against unknown target maneuvers via heterogeneous agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106265
Xiu-Fang Yu , Jun-Min Wang , Jun-Jun Liu
In this paper, we consider the output regulation problem of a 1-d Schrödinger equation, where the output and control input are located at opposite boundaries and the disturbances are generated from an unknown finite-dimensional exosystem. We apply an adaptive observer to estimate all possible unknown frequencies of the exosystem. The following work is aiming at designing an error feedback control to achieve the output regulation and disturbances rejection based on the adaptive internal model. The closed-loop system is proved to be well-posed and bounded. The numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed controller is effective and the tracking error converges to zero.
{"title":"Noncollocated adaptive output regulation of a Schrödinger equation with unknown exosystem","authors":"Xiu-Fang Yu , Jun-Min Wang , Jun-Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we consider the output regulation problem of a 1-d Schrödinger equation, where the output and control input are located at opposite boundaries and the disturbances are generated from an unknown finite-dimensional exosystem. We apply an adaptive observer to estimate all possible unknown frequencies of the exosystem. The following work is aiming at designing an error feedback control to achieve the output regulation and disturbances rejection based on the adaptive internal model. The closed-loop system is proved to be well-posed and bounded. The numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed controller is effective and the tracking error converges to zero.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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