Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106265
Xiu-Fang Yu , Jun-Min Wang , Jun-Jun Liu
In this paper, we consider the output regulation problem of a 1-d Schrödinger equation, where the output and control input are located at opposite boundaries and the disturbances are generated from an unknown finite-dimensional exosystem. We apply an adaptive observer to estimate all possible unknown frequencies of the exosystem. The following work is aiming at designing an error feedback control to achieve the output regulation and disturbances rejection based on the adaptive internal model. The closed-loop system is proved to be well-posed and bounded. The numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed controller is effective and the tracking error converges to zero.
{"title":"Noncollocated adaptive output regulation of a Schrödinger equation with unknown exosystem","authors":"Xiu-Fang Yu , Jun-Min Wang , Jun-Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we consider the output regulation problem of a 1-d Schrödinger equation, where the output and control input are located at opposite boundaries and the disturbances are generated from an unknown finite-dimensional exosystem. We apply an adaptive observer to estimate all possible unknown frequencies of the exosystem. The following work is aiming at designing an error feedback control to achieve the output regulation and disturbances rejection based on the adaptive internal model. The closed-loop system is proved to be well-posed and bounded. The numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed controller is effective and the tracking error converges to zero.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106252
Mengdie Xiao , Xiaofeng Xu , Ming Liu
We mainly study the quasi-synchronization problem of heterogeneous networks in the presence of Lévy noise and semi-Markov jumps. In terms of controller design, we propose two schemes: one is intermittent delay sampled-data control, and the other is time-varying intermittent delay sampled-data control. Both schemes are based on intermittent delay control and integrate the characteristics of time-varying gain and state sampling. Different from the previous continuous and uninterrupted sampling control, their significant advantage lies in the adoption of discrete data sampling, which improves efficiency and saves costs to a certain extent. Among them, the time-varying intermittent delay sampled-data control further enhances the adaptability to complex dynamic environments by dynamically adjusting the control gain. In addition, by combining the auxiliary timer with the Lyapunov method, we obtain the inequality criteria required to achieve quasi-synchronization and derive two different sampling error estimates. Finally, we carefully select Chua’s circuit for relevant numerical simulations to verify the effectiveness of these theoretical results.
{"title":"Quasi-synchronization of heterogeneous networks with Lévy noise and semi-Markov jump via intermittent delay sampled-data control","authors":"Mengdie Xiao , Xiaofeng Xu , Ming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We mainly study the quasi-synchronization problem of heterogeneous networks in the presence of Lévy noise and semi-Markov jumps. In terms of controller design, we propose two schemes: one is intermittent delay sampled-data control, and the other is time-varying intermittent delay sampled-data control. Both schemes are based on intermittent delay control and integrate the characteristics of time-varying gain and state sampling. Different from the previous continuous and uninterrupted sampling control, their significant advantage lies in the adoption of discrete data sampling, which improves efficiency and saves costs to a certain extent. Among them, the time-varying intermittent delay sampled-data control further enhances the adaptability to complex dynamic environments by dynamically adjusting the control gain. In addition, by combining the auxiliary timer with the Lyapunov method, we obtain the inequality criteria required to achieve quasi-synchronization and derive two different sampling error estimates. Finally, we carefully select Chua’s circuit for relevant numerical simulations to verify the effectiveness of these theoretical results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106259
Chao-Qun Jin, Wei Ren
This paper addresses the abstraction-based optimal control problems of nonlinear control systems under linear temporal logic (LTL) tasks, and proposes a novel local-to-global controller synthesis approach. First, dynamic quantization techniques and the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees Star (RRT*) algorithm are combined together to generate an optimal sequence of quantization regions, which are further applied to verify the realization of the LTL task and are involved in the optimal control design. Second, with the optimal sequence of quantization regions, the LTL task is decomposed into finite local ones, which are embedded into finite local optimization problems. Third, in order to deal with these local optimization problems, the abstraction-based optimal control approach is developed such that a novel hybrid sub-optimal controller is established to achieve the LTL task. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.
{"title":"Abstraction-based optimal controller synthesis using dynamic quantization and RRT*","authors":"Chao-Qun Jin, Wei Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the abstraction-based optimal control problems of nonlinear control systems under linear temporal logic (LTL) tasks, and proposes a novel local-to-global controller synthesis approach. First, dynamic quantization techniques and the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees Star (RRT*) algorithm are combined together to generate an optimal sequence of quantization regions, which are further applied to verify the realization of the LTL task and are involved in the optimal control design. Second, with the optimal sequence of quantization regions, the LTL task is decomposed into finite local ones, which are embedded into finite local optimization problems. Third, in order to deal with these local optimization problems, the abstraction-based optimal control approach is developed such that a novel hybrid sub-optimal controller is established to achieve the LTL task. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106263
Blake McGrane-Corrigan , Rafael de Andrade Moral , Oliver Mason
We consider the problem of robust diffusive stability for a pair of coupled stable discrete-time positive linear-time invariant (LTI) systems. We first show that the existence of a common diagonal Lyapunov function is sufficient for robust diffusive stability, and highlight how this condition differs from recent results using linear copositive Lyapunov functions. We also present an extension of these results, showing that the weaker condition of joint linear copositive function existence is also sufficient for robust diffusive stability. Finally, we present two related results for extended Leslie matrices arising in population dynamics.
{"title":"Observations on robust diffusive stability and common Lyapunov functions","authors":"Blake McGrane-Corrigan , Rafael de Andrade Moral , Oliver Mason","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the problem of robust diffusive stability for a pair of coupled stable discrete-time positive linear-time invariant (LTI) systems. We first show that the existence of a common diagonal Lyapunov function is sufficient for robust diffusive stability, and highlight how this condition differs from recent results using linear copositive Lyapunov functions. We also present an extension of these results, showing that the weaker condition of <em>joint</em> linear copositive function existence is also sufficient for robust diffusive stability. Finally, we present two related results for extended Leslie matrices arising in population dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106261
Yi Ding , Bin Zhou , Wim Michiels
In this paper, the problem of prescribed-time stabilization of -normal nonlinear systems is investigated. A novel periodic delayed feedback control law, parameterized directly by the prescribed time, is designed for a class of uncertain -normal nonlinear systems. With the artificial inclusion of a time delay term in the controller, the proposed control law effectively addresses the considered problem using a uniformly bounded control gain. Notably, the proposed control law has a clear definition at any given time, thus circumventing the inherent singularity associated with time-varying high-gain feedback. Moreover, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Prescribed-time stabilization of p-normal nonlinear systems by periodic delayed feedback","authors":"Yi Ding , Bin Zhou , Wim Michiels","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the problem of prescribed-time stabilization of <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>-normal nonlinear systems is investigated. A novel periodic delayed feedback control law, parameterized directly by the prescribed time, is designed for a class of uncertain <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>-normal nonlinear systems. With the artificial inclusion of a time delay term in the controller, the proposed control law effectively addresses the considered problem using a uniformly bounded control gain. Notably, the proposed control law has a clear definition at any given time, thus circumventing the inherent singularity associated with time-varying high-gain feedback. Moreover, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106250
Vivek S. Borkar
We analyze a stochastic approximation scheme driven by non-Markovian noise in addition to the standard martingale difference noise. Our main result is that it behaves like a stochastic approximation driven by an ‘equivalent’ Markov noise, i.e., has the same convergence properties, although the convergence rate may degrade. Some implications to reinforcement learning algorithms are discussed.
{"title":"Stochastic approximation in non-Markovian environments","authors":"Vivek S. Borkar","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyze a stochastic approximation scheme driven by non-Markovian noise in addition to the standard martingale difference noise. Our main result is that it behaves like a stochastic approximation driven by an ‘equivalent’ Markov noise, i.e., has the same convergence properties, although the convergence rate may degrade. Some implications to reinforcement learning algorithms are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106253
Mingyu Chen , Weiyao Lan , Andrea Cristofaro , Xiao Yu
This paper considers the leader-following formation control problem of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots by local measurement. The sensor network among the multi-robot system is described by a general directed graph, which contains a directed spanning tree with the root node denoting the leader. A dynamic control law consisting of an observer and a velocity controller, is designed based on the feedback of measurements on the relative positions and orientations. Particularly, the proposed control law can be implemented without using any communication provided that the reference velocities are prior set, which makes it feasible in a decentralized manner. The small-gain theorem is employed to deal with stability analysis on the augmented closed-loop system. A low-gain parameter in the observer ensures that the small-gain condition can be satisfied. The global asymptotic stability of the augmented multi-robot closed-loop system is guaranteed by the proposed small-gain approach. More interestingly, the proposed dynamic control law is robust to measurement errors in relative positions and orientations. Finally, the effectiveness is illustrated by the simulation results of examples.
{"title":"Decentralized leader-following formation control of nonholonomic mobile robots by local measurement: A small-gain approach","authors":"Mingyu Chen , Weiyao Lan , Andrea Cristofaro , Xiao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers the leader-following formation control problem of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots by local measurement. The sensor network among the multi-robot system is described by a general directed graph, which contains a directed spanning tree with the root node denoting the leader. A dynamic control law consisting of an observer and a velocity controller, is designed based on the feedback of measurements on the relative positions and orientations. Particularly, the proposed control law can be implemented without using any communication provided that the reference velocities are prior set, which makes it feasible in a decentralized manner. The small-gain theorem is employed to deal with stability analysis on the augmented closed-loop system. A low-gain parameter in the observer ensures that the small-gain condition can be satisfied. The global asymptotic stability of the augmented multi-robot closed-loop system is guaranteed by the proposed small-gain approach. More interestingly, the proposed dynamic control law is robust to measurement errors in relative positions and orientations. Finally, the effectiveness is illustrated by the simulation results of examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Distributed optimization finds applications in large-scale machine learning, data processing and classification over multi-agent networks. In real-world scenarios, the communication network of agents may encounter latency that may affect the convergence of the optimization protocol. This paper addresses the case where the information exchange among the agents (computing nodes) over data-transmission channels (links) might be subject to communication time-delays, which is not well addressed in the existing literature. Our proposed algorithm improves the state-of-the-art by handling heterogeneous and arbitrary but bounded and fixed (time-invariant) delays over general strongly-connected directed networks. Arguments from matrix theory, algebraic graph theory, and augmented consensus formulation are applied to prove the convergence to the optimal value. Simulations are provided to verify the results and compare the performance with some existing delay-free algorithms.
{"title":"Delay-tolerant augmented-consensus-based distributed directed optimization","authors":"Mohammadreza Doostmohammadian , Narahari Kasagatta Ramesh , Alireza Aghasi","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed optimization finds applications in large-scale machine learning, data processing and classification over multi-agent networks. In real-world scenarios, the communication network of agents may encounter latency that may affect the convergence of the optimization protocol. This paper addresses the case where the information exchange among the agents (computing nodes) over data-transmission channels (links) might be subject to communication time-delays, which is not well addressed in the existing literature. Our proposed algorithm improves the state-of-the-art by handling heterogeneous and arbitrary but bounded and fixed (time-invariant) delays over general strongly-connected directed networks. Arguments from matrix theory, algebraic graph theory, and augmented consensus formulation are applied to prove the convergence to the optimal value. Simulations are provided to verify the results and compare the performance with some existing delay-free algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106258
Ziqi Yang , Jianchun Zhang
This paper studies the static output feedback control problem for linear systems with stochastic parametric uncertainty. Differing from the existing norm-bounded and polytopic assumptions, the uncertain parameters in the dynamics are described by stochastic distributions and thus a stochastic linear matrix inequality (LMI) for system stability and performance robustness is obtained. Through the limit state function method and matrix inequality lemmas, the stochastic LMI is subtly transformed into a probabilistic LMI with a probabilistic parameter for the static output feedback control. This probabilistic parameter is characterized by the reliability index. At different prescribed reliability indices, the static output feedback controller with different reliability levels can be flexibly designed. The theoretical results are verified by two simulation examples.
{"title":"Reliability-guaranteed static output feedback control for linear systems with stochastic parametric uncertainty","authors":"Ziqi Yang , Jianchun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the static output feedback control problem for linear systems with stochastic parametric uncertainty. Differing from the existing norm-bounded and polytopic assumptions, the uncertain parameters in the dynamics are described by stochastic distributions and thus a stochastic linear matrix inequality (LMI) for system stability and performance robustness is obtained. Through the limit state function method and matrix inequality lemmas, the stochastic LMI is subtly transformed into a probabilistic LMI with a probabilistic parameter for the static output feedback control. This probabilistic parameter is characterized by the reliability index. At different prescribed reliability indices, the static output feedback controller with different reliability levels can be flexibly designed. The theoretical results are verified by two simulation examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106257
Jin Zhang , Lifang Liao
This paper focuses on fading communication channels, which describe the phenomenon of communication packet loss. It investigates the impact of fading networks on achieving output feedback consensus in multi-agent systems (MASs). First, for identical fading networks, we establish the mean-square stability (MSS) of a dual result through state transformation and provide conditions for MASs to achieve mean-square consensus in both undirected information flow (UIF) and balanced directed information flow (BDIF) topologies, utilizing the Schur complement lemma and Lyapunov methods. These conditions are closely related to the fading statistics and the information flow topology (IFT). Next, for non-identical fading networks, under state feedback, we employ the edge Laplacian operator and construct agent dynamic models on the edges, providing analytical sufficient conditions for the system’s MSS. These conditions can be numerically verified via linear matrix inequality (LMI) feasibility. Moreover, separate design algorithms for output feedback and state feedback controllers are provided, derived from feasible solutions to modified Riccati inequalities (MRIs). These algorithms can directly utilize IFT and channel fading statistics for parameter calculation, making them easy to implement. Finally, the theory is applied to a real-world vehicle platoon coordinated control problem, and simulation results comparing theoretical and practical models are presented to validate its effectiveness and applicability. Results indicate that even in the presence of fading, the designed control strategies can ensure the vehicle platoon maintains its desired speed and longitudinal spacing.
{"title":"Output feedback consensus control of continuous multi agent systems under fading networks and its application in vehicle platooning","authors":"Jin Zhang , Lifang Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sysconle.2025.106257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on fading communication channels, which describe the phenomenon of communication packet loss. It investigates the impact of fading networks on achieving output feedback consensus in multi-agent systems (MASs). First, for identical fading networks, we establish the mean-square stability (MSS) of a dual result through state transformation and provide conditions for MASs to achieve mean-square consensus in both undirected information flow (UIF) and balanced directed information flow (BDIF) topologies, utilizing the Schur complement lemma and Lyapunov methods. These conditions are closely related to the fading statistics and the information flow topology (IFT). Next, for non-identical fading networks, under state feedback, we employ the edge Laplacian operator and construct agent dynamic models on the edges, providing analytical sufficient conditions for the system’s MSS. These conditions can be numerically verified via linear matrix inequality (LMI) feasibility. Moreover, separate design algorithms for output feedback and state feedback controllers are provided, derived from feasible solutions to modified Riccati inequalities (MRIs). These algorithms can directly utilize IFT and channel fading statistics for parameter calculation, making them easy to implement. Finally, the theory is applied to a real-world vehicle platoon coordinated control problem, and simulation results comparing theoretical and practical models are presented to validate its effectiveness and applicability. Results indicate that even in the presence of fading, the designed control strategies can ensure the vehicle platoon maintains its desired speed and longitudinal spacing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49450,"journal":{"name":"Systems & Control Letters","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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