Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3306579
Nikolaus Kerö;Thomas Kernen
With the publication of version 2.0 of the IEEE 1588 Standard for accurate time transfer over packet networks in 2008, the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) quickly became the only viable clock synchronization technology for all application domains relying on ethernet as a transport medium. PTP was deliberately defined in highly generic terms, allowing it to be tailored to application-specific requirements via PTP profiles. The SMPTE ST 2059–2 standard is the PTP profile for the broadcasting industry and a crucial element for any all-IP studio deployment. In 2019, the IEEE published a new version of the IEEE 1588 standard (PTP v2.1), where PTP was enhanced with several interesting optional features aimed primarily at improving the overall reliability of PTP, especially for larger deployments. In this article, we explain all major new features of PTP v2.1 and investigate to what extent broadcasting applications may benefit from adopting them as part of a new version of the ST 2059–2 PTP profile. Specific focus will be put on possible implications with respect to implementation efforts and operating requirements. We analyze whether the overall reliability of PTP can be improved by adding new features such as PTP security or extended monitoring. The high-accuracy extensions to PTP v2.1 will be described together with a rough effort estimate required to develop and deploy products supporting subnanosecond accuracy. The article concludes with a list of recommendations summarizing the benefits of these new features for deploying broadcasting networks at scale.
随着2008年IEEE 1588标准2.0版在分组网络上精确时间传输的发布，精确时间协议（PTP）迅速成为所有依赖以太网作为传输介质的应用领域唯一可行的时钟同步技术。PTP是故意用高度通用的术语定义的，允许它通过PTP配置文件根据应用程序的特定要求进行定制。SMPTE ST 2059–2标准是广播行业的PTP配置文件，也是任何全IP演播室部署的关键元素。2019年，IEEE发布了IEEE 1588标准的新版本（PTP v2.1），其中PTP通过几个有趣的可选功能进行了增强，主要旨在提高PTP的整体可靠性，尤其是对于大型部署。在这篇文章中，我们解释了PTP v2.1的所有主要新功能，并研究了广播应用程序将它们作为ST 2059–2 PTP配置文件的新版本的一部分可以在多大程度上受益。具体重点将放在对执行工作和业务要求可能产生的影响上。我们分析了是否可以通过添加PTP安全性或扩展监控等新功能来提高PTP的整体可靠性。PTP v2.1的高精度扩展将与开发和部署支持亚纳秒精度的产品所需的粗略工作量估计一起进行描述。文章最后列出了一系列建议，总结了这些新功能对大规模部署广播网络的好处。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3310851
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Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3313609
David Grindle
October brings our annual Media Technology Summit. This gathering of industry professionals celebrates advances in science and technology that bring stories to life in new ways.
{"title":"SMPTE’s Media Technology Summit Promotes Innovation, Learning, Collaboration, and Networking","authors":"David Grindle","doi":"10.5594/JMI.2023.3313609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3313609","url":null,"abstract":"<fig> <graphic> </fig>\u0000 October brings our annual Media Technology Summit. This gathering of industry professionals celebrates advances in science and technology that bring stories to life in new ways.","PeriodicalId":49512,"journal":{"name":"SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal","volume":"132 9","pages":"6-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/7261654/10271706/10271777.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49941020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of standards such as the SMPTE ST 2110 suite for transmitting signals and Advanced Media Workflow Association Networked Media Open Specifications (AMWA NMOS) for controlling systems, there is a move toward replacing broadcasters’ infrastructure with Internet Protocol (IP)-based program-production systems. This movement often starts with smaller components such as outside broadcasting (OB) vans and a few studios. Since the advantage of an IP network is connectivity, it is preferable for each of these independently introduced components to be connected and operated as one large program production system that can be shared among many program productions. An NMOS-compliant program-production system has a registration and discovery system (RDS) with information on all equipment in the production system. The challenge is how to configure and operate RDSs when connecting multiple NMOS-compliant systems. To share resources in the system among multiple program productions, it is also imperative that the equipment in operation be protected from accidental operations. To achieve this, a function to manage the operational schedule of each piece of equipment and a mechanism to issue authorizations on the basis of the schedules are needed. The NMOS IS-10 specification defines an authorization method, but there has been no study on issuing authorization on the basis of a schedule managed by a resource administrator. In this presentation, we propose a method for managing multiple RDSs and issuing authorizations on the basis of operational schedules to construct a large program-production system consisting of multiple NMOS-compliant systems. The equipment already in place can be used with the proposed method because the application programming interfaces (APIs) for registration and authorization are the same as those of a standard NMOS-compliant system.
随着用于传输信号的SMPTE ST 2110套件和用于控制系统的高级媒体工作流程协会网络媒体开放规范（AMWA NMOS）等标准的发展，广播公司的基础设施正朝着用基于互联网协议（IP）的节目制作系统取代的方向发展。这场运动通常从较小的组成部分开始，如外部广播（OB）面包车和一些工作室。由于IP网络的优点是连通性，因此优选将这些独立引入的组件中的每一个连接并作为一个可以在许多节目制作之间共享的大型节目制作系统来操作。符合NMOS的程序制作系统具有具有关于制作系统中的所有设备的信息的注册和发现系统（RDS）。挑战在于在连接多个NMOS兼容系统时如何配置和操作RDS。为了在多个程序产品之间共享系统中的资源，还必须保护运行中的设备免受意外操作的影响。为了实现这一点，需要一个管理每台设备运行时间表的功能和一个根据时间表发布授权的机制。NMOS IS-10规范定义了一种授权方法，但尚未对基于资源管理员管理的时间表发布授权进行研究。在本演示中，我们提出了一种管理多个RDS并根据操作时间表发布授权的方法，以构建由多个NMOS兼容系统组成的大型程序生产系统。已经就位的设备可以与所提出的方法一起使用，因为用于注册和授权的应用程序编程接口（API）与标准NMOS兼容系统的那些相同。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3306516
Fatemeh Nasiri;Gwendal Simon
Content delivery networks (CDNs) have developed virtualized technologies and 5G data centers to enable cost-effective edge computing. Edge processing overcomes cache limitations by executing compute-intensive tasks at or near edge servers. It is expected to fix some issues related to adaptive bitrate (ABR) over-the-top (OTT) streaming. In particular, just-in-time-transcoding at the edge (JITEX) allows the edge server to cache a single pivot video and to offer nonetheless multiple video versions. This article models the impact of JITEX by examining various cost variables, use cases, and CDN implementation. For the sake of transparency, we use public data and well-known popularity models. By sharing this JITEX model, we aim to facilitate discussion on deploying transcoders at the edge, dispelling misconceptions, and identifying profitable research areas.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3288906
Jordi J. Gimenez
In only a few years, the media landscape has changed tremendously. Until the end of the last century, premium media access and distribution was limited to broadcast TV and radio, targeting dedicated end devices via dedicated distribution networks; however, nowadays, both new and traditional media services leverage and build on top of commonly available data networks—the internet as well as wireless and mobile access networks and systems including 5G. This combination provides a broadly accessible and unified distribution platform, can reach many devices and users, and can deliver significant innovation in much shorter cycles than vertical service platforms.
{"title":"5G Media Action Group (5G-MAG): Global Internet and 5G Technologies for Multimedia Applications","authors":"Jordi J. Gimenez","doi":"10.5594/JMI.2023.3288906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3288906","url":null,"abstract":"In only a few years, the media landscape has changed tremendously. Until the end of the last century, premium media access and distribution was limited to broadcast TV and radio, targeting dedicated end devices via dedicated distribution networks; however, nowadays, both new and traditional media services leverage and build on top of commonly available data networks—the internet as well as wireless and mobile access networks and systems including 5G. This combination provides a broadly accessible and unified distribution platform, can reach many devices and users, and can deliver significant innovation in much shorter cycles than vertical service platforms.","PeriodicalId":49512,"journal":{"name":"SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal","volume":"132 8","pages":"31-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49945397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3290304
Emily Dubs
The DVB Projecti DVB originally stood for Digital Video Broadcasting., which celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2023, is an industry-led consortium of the world’s leading media and technology companies working together to design open technical specifications for digital media delivery. DVB’s work is today focused primarily on Internet Protocol (IP)-based technologies.
{"title":"Another Busy Year for the DVB Project","authors":"Emily Dubs","doi":"10.5594/JMI.2023.3290304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3290304","url":null,"abstract":"The DVB Projecti DVB originally stood for Digital Video Broadcasting., which celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2023, is an industry-led consortium of the world’s leading media and technology companies working together to design open technical specifications for digital media delivery. DVB’s work is today focused primarily on Internet Protocol (IP)-based technologies.","PeriodicalId":49512,"journal":{"name":"SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal","volume":"132 8","pages":"33-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49945398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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