Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2143
F. E. Siagian
Aims: To differentiate morphologically and functionality of chitin bodies belong to Necator americanus (old world hook worm) vs. 2 pair of teeth belong to Ancylostoma duodenale (new world hook worm) Discussion: Anemia due to hookworms caused by persistent blood loss. Those micro-bleeding occurs due to the attachment to the villi of the host’s small intestine in order to facilitate feed on their host’s blood. Hookworms use their two pairs of teeth (A. duodenale) or cutting plates called chitin bodies (N. americanus) to fasten their attachment onto the mucosa and submucosa, where at the same time they secrete a series of biochemically active polypeptides that prevent blood from clotting and supress the host inflammatory response. Differences in the shape of teeth or similar apparatus in the two species of hookworms that infect humans play a role in the occurrence of persistent minor bleeding that causes anemia and this also depend on the number of hookworms invaded the host. Conclusion: chitin bodies of N. americanus causes less bleeding than two pairs of teeth belongs to A. duodenale
{"title":"Chitin Bodies Vs Teeth of Hookworm","authors":"F. E. Siagian","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i2143","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To differentiate morphologically and functionality of chitin bodies belong to Necator americanus (old world hook worm) vs. 2 pair of teeth belong to Ancylostoma duodenale (new world hook worm) \u0000Discussion: Anemia due to hookworms caused by persistent blood loss. Those micro-bleeding occurs due to the attachment to the villi of the host’s small intestine in order to facilitate feed on their host’s blood. Hookworms use their two pairs of teeth (A. duodenale) or cutting plates called chitin bodies (N. americanus) to fasten their attachment onto the mucosa and submucosa, where at the same time they secrete a series of biochemically active polypeptides that prevent blood from clotting and supress the host inflammatory response. Differences in the shape of teeth or similar apparatus in the two species of hookworms that infect humans play a role in the occurrence of persistent minor bleeding that causes anemia and this also depend on the number of hookworms invaded the host. \u0000Conclusion: chitin bodies of N. americanus causes less bleeding than two pairs of teeth belongs to A. duodenale","PeriodicalId":495334,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1141
Karthick. M, Maharasi. C, Krithika. S, Anthony S, Balachandar M, Azhagu Raj. R
The present work deals with the survey of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants used by folk communities of southern districts (Tirunelveli, Tenkasi and Tuticorin districts), Tamil Nadu, India. An ethno-veterinary data was collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires from traditional practitioners, farmers, herders, village elders and women’s, from seventeen villages of three districts. These people have their own an ethno-medicine, ethno-veterinary treatment systems of diseases both for human as well as for their livestock. In this study, the common cattle diseases of the area are foot & mouth disease (FMT), anthrax, pneumonia, ectoparasites, diarrhea, etc. The different cattle diseases are listed along with their treatment system. Here as many as twenty-eight (28) medicinal plants belonging to from twenty (20) different families 27 genera were documented which were used by the indigenous communities with their vernacular names, family, plant parts used and animal disease curing property.
{"title":"Ethno-veterinary Practices in the Southern Districts in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Karthick. M, Maharasi. C, Krithika. S, Anthony S, Balachandar M, Azhagu Raj. R","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2024/v7i1141","url":null,"abstract":"The present work deals with the survey of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants used by folk communities of southern districts (Tirunelveli, Tenkasi and Tuticorin districts), Tamil Nadu, India. An ethno-veterinary data was collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires from traditional practitioners, farmers, herders, village elders and women’s, from seventeen villages of three districts. These people have their own an ethno-medicine, ethno-veterinary treatment systems of diseases both for human as well as for their livestock. In this study, the common cattle diseases of the area are foot & mouth disease (FMT), anthrax, pneumonia, ectoparasites, diarrhea, etc. The different cattle diseases are listed along with their treatment system. Here as many as twenty-eight (28) medicinal plants belonging to from twenty (20) different families 27 genera were documented which were used by the indigenous communities with their vernacular names, family, plant parts used and animal disease curing property.","PeriodicalId":495334,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The study aims to study the resource partitioning and nesting behaviour in four species namely Common Myna, Bank Myna, Brahminy Starling, and Asian Pied Starling nesting in human settlements.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from January 2022 to July 2023 in peri-urban areas of Ajmer city, Rajasthan, India.
Methodology: Using observations and point-count transects, we examined the nesting preferences, heights, and materials used by these species.
Results: The findings reveal that all four species demonstrated a remarkable adaptability to urban environments by selecting man-made structures as their preferred nesting sites. Common Mynas, in particular, displayed a preference for a variety of human constructions, such as buildings and building cracks, and utilized materials like twigs, straws, plastic, paper, and cotton.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering wildlife adaptation in urban planning and conservation efforts, as these birds thrive in human-altered landscapes. The nesting behaviors and adaptation of these Sturnidae species in urban environments reveal their ability to coexist with human development. Understanding these interactions is crucial for both avian ecology and urban planning, as it sheds light on the intricate relationships between wildlife and changing landscapes.
{"title":"Nesting Resource Partitioning of Four Species (Acridotheres tristis, Acridotheres ginginianus, Sturnia pagodarum and Gracupica contra) of Sturnidae Family in Peri-Urban Region of Ajmer City, Rajasthan, India","authors":"None Shakshi, Rounak Choudhary, Vivek Sharma, Subroto Dutta, Subhash Chandra","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4127","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study aims to study the resource partitioning and nesting behaviour in four species namely Common Myna, Bank Myna, Brahminy Starling, and Asian Pied Starling nesting in human settlements.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from January 2022 to July 2023 in peri-urban areas of Ajmer city, Rajasthan, India.
 Methodology: Using observations and point-count transects, we examined the nesting preferences, heights, and materials used by these species.
 Results: The findings reveal that all four species demonstrated a remarkable adaptability to urban environments by selecting man-made structures as their preferred nesting sites. Common Mynas, in particular, displayed a preference for a variety of human constructions, such as buildings and building cracks, and utilized materials like twigs, straws, plastic, paper, and cotton.
 Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering wildlife adaptation in urban planning and conservation efforts, as these birds thrive in human-altered landscapes. The nesting behaviors and adaptation of these Sturnidae species in urban environments reveal their ability to coexist with human development. Understanding these interactions is crucial for both avian ecology and urban planning, as it sheds light on the intricate relationships between wildlife and changing landscapes.","PeriodicalId":495334,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135285828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4126
Mamoona Kiran Zareen, Muhammad Sultan Haider, Nasim Akhtar, Sadia Fatima, Adeela Hassan
Naturally breeding fish cannot meet the demand of humans. So induced breeding is essential to fulfill this demand. Induced breeding ensures a timely supply of fish seeds having desired characteristics and different techniques can be used for this purpose. In this perspective synthetic hormones, extracts of pituitary hormones, Gonadotropin-releasing hormones, and sometimes Human chronic gonadotropin are used as a spawning inducer for fishes. Plant extracts can also be used as it is a new technique which could be used in aquaculture. The basic aim of our study was to enhance the growth as well as to check the effect of the traditional herb Foeniculum vulgare on the reproductive performance of Poecilia reticulata.
Methodology: Samples were collected from a local fish shop in Sargodha. Ethanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare seeds was prepared and mixed with different commercial feed. This feed was given to fish for 90 days to test the effect of Foeniculum vulgare seed extract on growth and reproduction performance. Water quality parameters were also maintained and recorded daily. Fecundity and Gonad somatic index were measured after dissection by removing the ovaries. Fecundity was calculated by counting the number of larvae and eggs seen with the naked eye. The hatching rate was measured by counting the number of hatching in each spawning.
Results: According to the growth results, different levels of fennel seed extract has a significant effect on weight gain, length gain and survival rates of the fish in different groups. Statistical analysis cleared that T2 showed the highest weight and length gain. The feed Conversion Ratio decreased significantly. Results of reproduction parameters showed that the highest absolute fecundity (9.4 ± 0.19), GSI (8.69 ± 0.2) and spawning have increased in T2 followed by T1, T3, and control respectively. The observation of present research shows that Foeniculum vulgare seed extract can act as an estrogenic compound and growth promoter in commercial aquaculture.
{"title":"Effect of Foeniculum vulgare Mingled Diet upon Growth, Reproduction and Spawning Performance of Guppy Fish","authors":"Mamoona Kiran Zareen, Muhammad Sultan Haider, Nasim Akhtar, Sadia Fatima, Adeela Hassan","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4126","url":null,"abstract":"Naturally breeding fish cannot meet the demand of humans. So induced breeding is essential to fulfill this demand. Induced breeding ensures a timely supply of fish seeds having desired characteristics and different techniques can be used for this purpose. In this perspective synthetic hormones, extracts of pituitary hormones, Gonadotropin-releasing hormones, and sometimes Human chronic gonadotropin are used as a spawning inducer for fishes. Plant extracts can also be used as it is a new technique which could be used in aquaculture. The basic aim of our study was to enhance the growth as well as to check the effect of the traditional herb Foeniculum vulgare on the reproductive performance of Poecilia reticulata.
 Methodology: Samples were collected from a local fish shop in Sargodha. Ethanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare seeds was prepared and mixed with different commercial feed. This feed was given to fish for 90 days to test the effect of Foeniculum vulgare seed extract on growth and reproduction performance. Water quality parameters were also maintained and recorded daily. Fecundity and Gonad somatic index were measured after dissection by removing the ovaries. Fecundity was calculated by counting the number of larvae and eggs seen with the naked eye. The hatching rate was measured by counting the number of hatching in each spawning.
 Results: According to the growth results, different levels of fennel seed extract has a significant effect on weight gain, length gain and survival rates of the fish in different groups. Statistical analysis cleared that T2 showed the highest weight and length gain. The feed Conversion Ratio decreased significantly. Results of reproduction parameters showed that the highest absolute fecundity (9.4 ± 0.19), GSI (8.69 ± 0.2) and spawning have increased in T2 followed by T1, T3, and control respectively. The observation of present research shows that Foeniculum vulgare seed extract can act as an estrogenic compound and growth promoter in commercial aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":495334,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4125
Bhimrao N. Jadhav
Chicken coccidiosis causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Genus Eimeria from phylum Apicomplexa shows extensive damage in the poultry industry. In our investigation, ten species of Eimeria were recorded among seven that were previously recorded from various parts of the world. Three new species of Eimeria were recorded from the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. Eimeria tarabai is one of the species recorded as a new species due to its distinctness.
{"title":"New Species of Genus Eimeria (Eimeria tarabaie) in Broiler Chicken from Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India","authors":"Bhimrao N. Jadhav","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4125","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken coccidiosis causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Genus Eimeria from phylum Apicomplexa shows extensive damage in the poultry industry. In our investigation, ten species of Eimeria were recorded among seven that were previously recorded from various parts of the world. Three new species of Eimeria were recorded from the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. Eimeria tarabai is one of the species recorded as a new species due to its distinctness.","PeriodicalId":495334,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4124
U. U. George, A. J. Otoh, O. O. Ajayi, I. E. George
Aim: This research intends to evaluate the toxicity of latana camara and ascertain if it can be useful as a plant-based additive in the formulation of fish feed.
Study Design: The study was conducted using two replicate (Batch A and B) for 96 hours under controlled laboratory conditions. Five concentrations ranging from 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/l were prepared from the ethanolic extract (EE) of L. camara for the toxicity test.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was conducted in Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State between February, 2023 and June, 2023.
Methodology: Total of two hundred (200) juveniles were collected for the studies. One hundred (100) juveniles were used during range findings test and the left over for the actual toxicity test. Prior to commencement of the toxicity test, experimental fish were allowed to acclimatize. Each of the ten (10) plastic aquaria was stocked with ten (10) O. niloticus juveniles. The prepared plant extract at varying concentration was added to each stock aquaria and allowed to stand for 96 hours for mortality examination. Gills tissues were isolated from the fish samples in each of the concentration after 96 hours for histopathological examinations.
Results: The experimental animals showed differential percentage mortalities with toxicant concentrations. The 96 hours LC50 for O. niloticus for both batches (A and B) was given at 7.346 mg/l representing a log transformed concentration of 0.866 mg/l. The different batches of O. niloticus (P = .05) had no significant difference in mortality. The results of the present study suggest that the EE of L. camara had severe impacts on the test organism resulting in mortality. The effects of L. camara on the gills of O. niloticus Juveniles showed severe impacts on the test organisms. Five samples were taken from each of the concentrations to examine the effects of the extract on the gills of O. niloticus. There were no observed changes in the gills of the control group as compared to other treatment which showed evidence of histological alterations.
Conclusion: From the findings, it is observed that extract obtained from L. camara is toxic to aquatic life and cannot be recommended as a plant-based additive in the formulation of fish feed.
{"title":"Dose-Response Relationship and Histo-morphological Alterations on Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles Following Exposure to Ethanolic Extract of Latana camara","authors":"U. U. George, A. J. Otoh, O. O. Ajayi, I. E. George","doi":"10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2023/v6i4124","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This research intends to evaluate the toxicity of latana camara and ascertain if it can be useful as a plant-based additive in the formulation of fish feed.
 Study Design: The study was conducted using two replicate (Batch A and B) for 96 hours under controlled laboratory conditions. Five concentrations ranging from 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/l were prepared from the ethanolic extract (EE) of L. camara for the toxicity test.
 Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was conducted in Akwa Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa Ibom State between February, 2023 and June, 2023.
 Methodology: Total of two hundred (200) juveniles were collected for the studies. One hundred (100) juveniles were used during range findings test and the left over for the actual toxicity test. Prior to commencement of the toxicity test, experimental fish were allowed to acclimatize. Each of the ten (10) plastic aquaria was stocked with ten (10) O. niloticus juveniles. The prepared plant extract at varying concentration was added to each stock aquaria and allowed to stand for 96 hours for mortality examination. Gills tissues were isolated from the fish samples in each of the concentration after 96 hours for histopathological examinations.
 Results: The experimental animals showed differential percentage mortalities with toxicant concentrations. The 96 hours LC50 for O. niloticus for both batches (A and B) was given at 7.346 mg/l representing a log transformed concentration of 0.866 mg/l. The different batches of O. niloticus (P = .05) had no significant difference in mortality. The results of the present study suggest that the EE of L. camara had severe impacts on the test organism resulting in mortality. The effects of L. camara on the gills of O. niloticus Juveniles showed severe impacts on the test organisms. Five samples were taken from each of the concentrations to examine the effects of the extract on the gills of O. niloticus. There were no observed changes in the gills of the control group as compared to other treatment which showed evidence of histological alterations.
 Conclusion: From the findings, it is observed that extract obtained from L. camara is toxic to aquatic life and cannot be recommended as a plant-based additive in the formulation of fish feed.","PeriodicalId":495334,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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