Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh simultan, penggunaan luas lahan (X1) benih (X2), penggunaan pupuk (X3), penggunaan tenaga kerja (X4), berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan produksi (Y) padi sawah di Desa Padengo Kecamatan Dengilo Kabupaten Pohuwato, 2) Pengaruh parsial dari luas lahan (X1), penggunaan benih (X2), penggunaan pupuk (X3), penggunaan tenaga kerja (X4), terhadap peningkatan produksi (Y) padi sawah di Desa Padengo Kecamatan Dengilo Kabupaten Pohuwato. Jumlah populasi 196 orang petani padi sawah dengan sistem tanam pindah. Penentuan sampel menggunakan rumus slovin dengan jumlah sampel 36 orang yang diambil secara acak sederhana. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis regeresi berganda fungsi Cobb Douglass. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa: 1) Secara simultan (Uji F) variabel luas lahan (X1), benih (X2), Pupuk (X3), dan tenaga kerja (X4) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi (Y) padi sawah sistem tanam pindah di Desa Padengo Kecamatan Dengilo Kabupaten Pohuwato. 2) Secara parsial variabel luas lahan (X1), pupuk (X3) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi (Y), sedangkan variabel benih (X2) dan tenaga kerja (X4) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel produksi (Y).
{"title":"Analisis Produksi Usahatani Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L) dengan Sistem Tanam Pindah","authors":"Fatmawati Fatmawati, Yulan Ismail","doi":"10.35724/ag.v12i1.4472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35724/ag.v12i1.4472","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Pengaruh simultan, penggunaan luas lahan (X1) benih (X2), penggunaan pupuk (X3), penggunaan tenaga kerja (X4), berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan produksi (Y) padi sawah di Desa Padengo Kecamatan Dengilo Kabupaten Pohuwato, 2) Pengaruh parsial dari luas lahan (X1), penggunaan benih (X2), penggunaan pupuk (X3), penggunaan tenaga kerja (X4), terhadap peningkatan produksi (Y) padi sawah di Desa Padengo Kecamatan Dengilo Kabupaten Pohuwato. Jumlah populasi 196 orang petani padi sawah dengan sistem tanam pindah. Penentuan sampel menggunakan rumus slovin dengan jumlah sampel 36 orang yang diambil secara acak sederhana. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis regeresi berganda fungsi Cobb Douglass. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa: 1) Secara simultan (Uji F) variabel luas lahan (X1), benih (X2), Pupuk (X3), dan tenaga kerja (X4) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi (Y) padi sawah sistem tanam pindah di Desa Padengo Kecamatan Dengilo Kabupaten Pohuwato. 2) Secara parsial variabel luas lahan (X1), pupuk (X3) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi (Y), sedangkan variabel benih (X2) dan tenaga kerja (X4) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel produksi (Y).","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90531076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tersedianya data dan informasi sumber daya lahan yang lengkap sangat diperlukan untuk menunjang program pembangunan pertanian yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian lahan serta faktor pembatas untuk tanaman padi, jagung dan bawang merah di lahan bukaan baru Kampung Bokem, Distrik Merauke. Sampel tanah yang diambil dari lapangan di analisis di laboratorium. Parameter yang diamati adalah tekstur tanah, C-organik, N-total, P2O5, K2O, KTK, dan DHL.Analisis data dilakukan dengan mencocokan atau membandingkan kebutuhan lahan untuk tanaman dan sifat-sifat lahan di wilayah studi. Hasil perbandingan ini menunjukan tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk jagung, kedelai dan kacang tanah yang meliputi S1 (sangat sesuai), S2 (sesuai), S3 (sesuai marginal), N1 (saat ini tidak sesuai) dan N2 (tidak sesuai permanen). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman padi sawah tergolong kelas kesesuaian marjinal (S3) dengan faktor pembatas retensi hara (f) dan hara tersedia (n). Untuk tanaman Jagung tergolong kelas kesesuaian saat ini tidak sesuai (N1) dengan faktor pembatas retensi hara (f) dan hara tersedia (n), sedangkan untuk tanaman bawang merah (S3) dengan faktor pembatas ketersediaan air (w) retensi hara (f) dan hara tersedia (n). Pada dasarnya faktor pembatas yang ada bisa diperbaiki dengan tindakan pemupukan dan pengapuran.
{"title":"Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Untuk Komoditi Padi, Jagung dan Bawang Merah pada Lahan Bukaan Baru di Kampung Bokem Distrik Merauke","authors":"Yosefina Mangera, Wahida Wahida, Christofol Yesnat","doi":"10.35724/ag.v12i1.4439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35724/ag.v12i1.4439","url":null,"abstract":"Tersedianya data dan informasi sumber daya lahan yang lengkap sangat diperlukan untuk menunjang program pembangunan pertanian yang berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian lahan serta faktor pembatas untuk tanaman padi, jagung dan bawang merah di lahan bukaan baru Kampung Bokem, Distrik Merauke. Sampel tanah yang diambil dari lapangan di analisis di laboratorium. Parameter yang diamati adalah tekstur tanah, C-organik, N-total, P2O5, K2O, KTK, dan DHL.Analisis data dilakukan dengan mencocokan atau membandingkan kebutuhan lahan untuk tanaman dan sifat-sifat lahan di wilayah studi. Hasil perbandingan ini menunjukan tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk jagung, kedelai dan kacang tanah yang meliputi S1 (sangat sesuai), S2 (sesuai), S3 (sesuai marginal), N1 (saat ini tidak sesuai) dan N2 (tidak sesuai permanen). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman padi sawah tergolong kelas kesesuaian marjinal (S3) dengan faktor pembatas retensi hara (f) dan hara tersedia (n). Untuk tanaman Jagung tergolong kelas kesesuaian saat ini tidak sesuai (N1) dengan faktor pembatas retensi hara (f) dan hara tersedia (n), sedangkan untuk tanaman bawang merah (S3) dengan faktor pembatas ketersediaan air (w) retensi hara (f) dan hara tersedia (n). Pada dasarnya faktor pembatas yang ada bisa diperbaiki dengan tindakan pemupukan dan pengapuran.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85369709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0266
B. N. Ribeiro, R. Z. Roms, A. P. Coelho, Willian Batista-Silva, J. R. D. Souza, L. Gissi, L. B. Lemos
: Enhanced efficiency potassium fertilizers can be a management tool that is crucial to crop sustainability in maize ( Zea mays L.). However, there is a need for studies aimed at validating the use of these fertilizers in different production environments. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of maize under sources and rates of K through conventional and enhanced efficiency fertilizers in soil with high available K content. The experiment was carried out for two years in an Oxisol (605 g kg –1 of clay) with high K content (6.7 mmol c dm –3 ). Three sources were used, one conventional (KCl), one obtained by additives sprayed on the fertilizer surface (KCl-C), and one obtained by compacting KCl powder and adding additives (KCl-CC), associated with three K 2 O rates as top-dressing (50, 100, 150 kg ha –1 ) and a control without K 2 O. In all treatments, 48 kg ha –1 of K 2 O was applied in the sowing furrow. In the first year, maize yield increased linearly for both the KCl and KCl-C sources. The maximum yield (7,967 kg ha –1 ) for the KCl-CC was obtained at 88 kg ha –1 . In the second year, the maximum yields for the KCl (7,553 kg ha –1 ) and KCl-C (8,166 kg ha –1 ) were obtained with 20 and 67 kg ha –1 K 2 O, respectively, while for the KCl-CC maize yield did not change. Enhanced efficiency K sources promote increases in maize yield ranging from 4.3 % to 7.1 %. Top-dressing K fertilization in high-fertility soils is a viable alternative for producers focused on increasing maize yield, mainly when enhanced efficiency sources are used.
高效钾肥可以作为一种管理工具，对玉米作物的可持续性至关重要(Zea mays L.)。然而，有必要进行旨在验证这些肥料在不同生产环境中的使用情况的研究。本研究旨在评价在高速效钾含量土壤中，普通和高效钾肥对玉米钾源和钾率的影响。试验在高钾含量(6.7 mmol c dm -3)的Oxisol (605 g kg -1粘土)中进行，为期两年。使用了三种来源，一种是常规(KCl)，一种是通过在肥料表面喷洒添加剂获得的(KCl- c)，一种是通过压实KCl粉并添加添加剂获得的(KCl- cc)，作为追肥(50、100、150公斤公顷-1)和不施用钾肥的对照，在所有处理中，在播种沟施用48公斤公顷-1的钾肥。第一年，KCl和KCl- c源的玉米产量均呈线性增长。KCl-CC在88 kg ha -1时获得最大产量(7967 kg ha -1)。第二年，KCl和KCl- c的最高产量分别为20和67 kg ha -1 KCl -1和8166 kg ha -1，而KCl- cc的产量没有变化。提高效率钾源促进玉米产量增加4.3%至7.1%。对于注重提高玉米产量的生产者来说，在高肥力土壤上施用追肥钾是一种可行的替代方案，主要是在使用效率更高的资源时。
{"title":"Do enhanced efficiency potassium sources increase maize yield in soil with high potassium content?","authors":"B. N. Ribeiro, R. Z. Roms, A. P. Coelho, Willian Batista-Silva, J. R. D. Souza, L. Gissi, L. B. Lemos","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0266","url":null,"abstract":": Enhanced efficiency potassium fertilizers can be a management tool that is crucial to crop sustainability in maize ( Zea mays L.). However, there is a need for studies aimed at validating the use of these fertilizers in different production environments. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of maize under sources and rates of K through conventional and enhanced efficiency fertilizers in soil with high available K content. The experiment was carried out for two years in an Oxisol (605 g kg –1 of clay) with high K content (6.7 mmol c dm –3 ). Three sources were used, one conventional (KCl), one obtained by additives sprayed on the fertilizer surface (KCl-C), and one obtained by compacting KCl powder and adding additives (KCl-CC), associated with three K 2 O rates as top-dressing (50, 100, 150 kg ha –1 ) and a control without K 2 O. In all treatments, 48 kg ha –1 of K 2 O was applied in the sowing furrow. In the first year, maize yield increased linearly for both the KCl and KCl-C sources. The maximum yield (7,967 kg ha –1 ) for the KCl-CC was obtained at 88 kg ha –1 . In the second year, the maximum yields for the KCl (7,553 kg ha –1 ) and KCl-C (8,166 kg ha –1 ) were obtained with 20 and 67 kg ha –1 K 2 O, respectively, while for the KCl-CC maize yield did not change. Enhanced efficiency K sources promote increases in maize yield ranging from 4.3 % to 7.1 %. Top-dressing K fertilization in high-fertility soils is a viable alternative for producers focused on increasing maize yield, mainly when enhanced efficiency sources are used.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67588906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0250
María-Rosa González García, R. Sánchez, M. Vilanova, Pedro Martín
: Multiplex 330 (MX) is a portable, non-invasive fluorescence sensor that provides different multiparametric indices that are sensitive to the concentration of chlorophylls, flavonols, and anthocyanins on the leaf surface. This study investigated the use of these indices to assess the variability on free volatile composition of grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.) in the field as well as other components of their quality potential in vineyards affected by iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC). Twenty non-irrigated Tempranillo/110 Richter vineyard subzones from non-affected to moderately affected by IDC were monitored in Ribera del Duero area (Spain) during two seasons. The results indicated that MX can characterize the spatial variation of leaf pigment concentrations, agronomic performance, and grape quality in vineyards affected by IDC. The MX indices measured at the leaf level close to harvest had better predictive values for the concentrations of free alcohols, volatile acids, C13-norisoprenoids, esters and acetates in the must than vine vigor, size or degree of technological maturity of the grapes. Our study demonstrates that the MX indices to estimate leaf pigment concentrations can be helpful to assess the technological maturity and free volatile composition of wine grapes in vineyards affected by IDC; nevertheless, the efficacy of the indexes may vary according to the year season.
{"title":"Assessment of grape volatile composition using fluorescence indices of leaves in vineyards affected by iron chlorosis","authors":"María-Rosa González García, R. Sánchez, M. Vilanova, Pedro Martín","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0250","url":null,"abstract":": Multiplex 330 (MX) is a portable, non-invasive fluorescence sensor that provides different multiparametric indices that are sensitive to the concentration of chlorophylls, flavonols, and anthocyanins on the leaf surface. This study investigated the use of these indices to assess the variability on free volatile composition of grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.) in the field as well as other components of their quality potential in vineyards affected by iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC). Twenty non-irrigated Tempranillo/110 Richter vineyard subzones from non-affected to moderately affected by IDC were monitored in Ribera del Duero area (Spain) during two seasons. The results indicated that MX can characterize the spatial variation of leaf pigment concentrations, agronomic performance, and grape quality in vineyards affected by IDC. The MX indices measured at the leaf level close to harvest had better predictive values for the concentrations of free alcohols, volatile acids, C13-norisoprenoids, esters and acetates in the must than vine vigor, size or degree of technological maturity of the grapes. Our study demonstrates that the MX indices to estimate leaf pigment concentrations can be helpful to assess the technological maturity and free volatile composition of wine grapes in vineyards affected by IDC; nevertheless, the efficacy of the indexes may vary according to the year season.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67588759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0076
Jeniffer Kelly Cortes Amaro, Laura Vieira Xavier, M. Ribeiro, B. S. Vieira, G. Mendes
: This study describes a biotechnological strategy for producing and applying oxalic acid to solubilize phosphorus (P) from rock phosphate (RP). We evaluated six fungal species ( Aspergillus niger FS1, Penicillium islandicum FS41, Pleurotus ostreatus PO1, Rhizoctonia solani Rhiz555, Sclerotium rolfsii Sr25, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Scl134) and three culture media (potato dextrose broth, Tsao and Strasser media) to maximize oxalic acid production. Among the fungal isolates tested and culture media, S. rolfsii Sr25 and Tsao medium showed efficient oxalic acid production. Tsao medium was optimized following a response surface methodology after initial screening of factors affecting RP solubilization. The optimized concentrations were 1 g L –1 NaNO 3 , 100 g L –1 glucose, 2 g L –1 KH 2 PO 4 , 4.5 g L –1 yeast extract, and 25 mg L –1 MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O used for 20 days of incubation. Under these conditions, 71 mmol L –1 oxalic acid was obtained, representing a three-fold increase over production under non-optimized conditions (20 mmol L –1 ). Under optimized conditions, oxalic acid produced by S. rolfsii Sr25 reacted with low-solubility RP and solubilized 100 % of the P contained in ore. Thus, using S. rolfsii Sr25 to produce oxalic acid seems a promising biotechnological alternative for P solubilization from RP.
本文介绍了一种生物技术策略，用于生产和应用草酸从磷酸盐岩中溶解磷(P)。我们评估了6种真菌(黑曲霉FS1、岛青霉FS41、平菇PO1、solani Rhizoctonia Rhiz555、Sclerotinia rolfsii Sr25和sclerotiorum Scl134)和3种培养基(马铃薯葡萄糖肉汤、Tsao和Strasser培养基)对草酸产量的影响。在菌株和培养基中，S. rolfsii Sr25和Tsao培养基的草酸产量最高。在初步筛选影响RP增溶的因素后，采用响应面法对Tsao培养基进行了优化。最佳浓度为1 g L -1 NaNO 3、100 g L -1葡萄糖、2 g L -1 KH - 2 PO 4、4.5 g L -1酵母膏、25 mg L -1 mgso4·7 h2o，培养20 d。在此条件下，草酸的产量为71 mmol L -1，比非优化条件下(20 mmol L -1)的产量增加了3倍。在优化条件下，S. rolfsii Sr25生产的草酸与低溶解度RP反应，可100%溶解矿石中的P。因此，利用S. rolfsii Sr25生产草酸是RP增溶P的一种有前景的生物技术替代方案。
{"title":"Optimization of oxalic acid production by fungi for biotechnological solubilization of rock phosphate","authors":"Jeniffer Kelly Cortes Amaro, Laura Vieira Xavier, M. Ribeiro, B. S. Vieira, G. Mendes","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0076","url":null,"abstract":": This study describes a biotechnological strategy for producing and applying oxalic acid to solubilize phosphorus (P) from rock phosphate (RP). We evaluated six fungal species ( Aspergillus niger FS1, Penicillium islandicum FS41, Pleurotus ostreatus PO1, Rhizoctonia solani Rhiz555, Sclerotium rolfsii Sr25, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Scl134) and three culture media (potato dextrose broth, Tsao and Strasser media) to maximize oxalic acid production. Among the fungal isolates tested and culture media, S. rolfsii Sr25 and Tsao medium showed efficient oxalic acid production. Tsao medium was optimized following a response surface methodology after initial screening of factors affecting RP solubilization. The optimized concentrations were 1 g L –1 NaNO 3 , 100 g L –1 glucose, 2 g L –1 KH 2 PO 4 , 4.5 g L –1 yeast extract, and 25 mg L –1 MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O used for 20 days of incubation. Under these conditions, 71 mmol L –1 oxalic acid was obtained, representing a three-fold increase over production under non-optimized conditions (20 mmol L –1 ). Under optimized conditions, oxalic acid produced by S. rolfsii Sr25 reacted with low-solubility RP and solubilized 100 % of the P contained in ore. Thus, using S. rolfsii Sr25 to produce oxalic acid seems a promising biotechnological alternative for P solubilization from RP.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67587807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0283
A. Pereira, A. Araújo, M. C. Santana, A. Y. V. Lima, V. L. V. P. Araujo, J. Verma, E. Cardoso
: Soil enzymes play a fundamental role in nutrient cycling in forest systems. The stoichiometry of C, N, and P–acquiring enzymes has been used to indicate nutrient limitation in the soil. However, the enzymatic stoichiometry remains poorly understood in pure and mixed eucalypt plantations. Thus, this study aims to assess the activity of enzymes in the soil to address the hypothesis that the introduction of N 2 -fixing trees could influence the enzymatic stoichiometry on C, N, and P cycling. The activity of β -glucosidase (BG), urease (U), and acid phosphatase (AP) was assessed in soil (0-20 cm depth) of pure Eucalyptus grandis without (E) and with N fertilization (E+N), and a mixed system with E. grandis and Acacia mangium (E+A), and a pure A. mangium (A) plantation at 27 and 39 months after planting. The activities of BG/U, BG/AP, and U/AP were used to calculate the enzyme C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios, respectively. Rates of N–acquiring enzymes were higher in E and E+N, while soil microorganisms invested in P–acquiring enzymes in A and E+A. The vector length and angle demonstrated that C demand by microorganisms does not change in relation to N and P, regardless of the treatment. However, N demand decreased in relation to P in A and E+A (mainly at 27 months). Our results suggest that enzymes activity in pure eucalypt systems is limited for their soil-litter nutrient contents. At the same time while acacia and mixed plantation seem to invest in P–acquiring enzymes to improve biological N 2 fixation promoted by diazotrophic bacteria associated to acacia.
{"title":"Enzymatic stoichiometry in tropical soil under pure and mixed plantations of eucalyptus with N2-fixing trees","authors":"A. Pereira, A. Araújo, M. C. Santana, A. Y. V. Lima, V. L. V. P. Araujo, J. Verma, E. Cardoso","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0283","url":null,"abstract":": Soil enzymes play a fundamental role in nutrient cycling in forest systems. The stoichiometry of C, N, and P–acquiring enzymes has been used to indicate nutrient limitation in the soil. However, the enzymatic stoichiometry remains poorly understood in pure and mixed eucalypt plantations. Thus, this study aims to assess the activity of enzymes in the soil to address the hypothesis that the introduction of N 2 -fixing trees could influence the enzymatic stoichiometry on C, N, and P cycling. The activity of β -glucosidase (BG), urease (U), and acid phosphatase (AP) was assessed in soil (0-20 cm depth) of pure Eucalyptus grandis without (E) and with N fertilization (E+N), and a mixed system with E. grandis and Acacia mangium (E+A), and a pure A. mangium (A) plantation at 27 and 39 months after planting. The activities of BG/U, BG/AP, and U/AP were used to calculate the enzyme C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios, respectively. Rates of N–acquiring enzymes were higher in E and E+N, while soil microorganisms invested in P–acquiring enzymes in A and E+A. The vector length and angle demonstrated that C demand by microorganisms does not change in relation to N and P, regardless of the treatment. However, N demand decreased in relation to P in A and E+A (mainly at 27 months). Our results suggest that enzymes activity in pure eucalypt systems is limited for their soil-litter nutrient contents. At the same time while acacia and mixed plantation seem to invest in P–acquiring enzymes to improve biological N 2 fixation promoted by diazotrophic bacteria associated to acacia.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67588958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0142
G. C. Zaro, P. Caramori, Marcos Silveira Wrege, Nathan Felipe da Silva Caldana, J. V. Virgens Filho, Heverly Morais, G. M. Yada Junior, Daniel Campos Caramori
: Adaptation to climate change is a strategy for crops to cope with the scenario of rising temperatures worldwide. In the case of Coffea arabica L . , the use of agroforestry systems (AFS) with woody species is a promising practice to reduce excessive heat during the day. This study aimed to 1) evaluate air temperature changes that occur in an AFS of coffee and double alleys of rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis Müell. Arg.) and 2) carry out an analysis of future warming scenarios by comparing the cultivation of Arabic coffee in full sun and in an AFS of double alleys of rubber trees. The microclimatic variables were measured between two rows of coffee trees at 1.0 m of height from June 2016 to June 2018. The results indicate that the AFS with double alleys of rubber trees spaced 16 m apart had an average temperature reduction from 1.4 to 2.5 °C from 10h00 to 16h00. The study also simulated temperature increases of 1.7, 2.6, 3.1, and 4.8 °C from 2018 to 2099, according to scenarios predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the impact in coffee production in Paraná State, Brazil. Using the climatic generator PGECLIMA_R, simulations suggest a progressive reduction of traditional areas suitable for open-grown coffee in the state. Production conditions can be maintained through the AFS, since the systems attenuate mean temperatures by 1-2 °C. We conclude that the AFS of coffee and rubber trees contribute to coffee crop adaptations to a future warmer environment.
{"title":"Coffee crops adaptation to climate change in agroforestry systems with rubber trees in southern Brazil","authors":"G. C. Zaro, P. Caramori, Marcos Silveira Wrege, Nathan Felipe da Silva Caldana, J. V. Virgens Filho, Heverly Morais, G. M. Yada Junior, Daniel Campos Caramori","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0142","url":null,"abstract":": Adaptation to climate change is a strategy for crops to cope with the scenario of rising temperatures worldwide. In the case of Coffea arabica L . , the use of agroforestry systems (AFS) with woody species is a promising practice to reduce excessive heat during the day. This study aimed to 1) evaluate air temperature changes that occur in an AFS of coffee and double alleys of rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis Müell. Arg.) and 2) carry out an analysis of future warming scenarios by comparing the cultivation of Arabic coffee in full sun and in an AFS of double alleys of rubber trees. The microclimatic variables were measured between two rows of coffee trees at 1.0 m of height from June 2016 to June 2018. The results indicate that the AFS with double alleys of rubber trees spaced 16 m apart had an average temperature reduction from 1.4 to 2.5 °C from 10h00 to 16h00. The study also simulated temperature increases of 1.7, 2.6, 3.1, and 4.8 °C from 2018 to 2099, according to scenarios predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the impact in coffee production in Paraná State, Brazil. Using the climatic generator PGECLIMA_R, simulations suggest a progressive reduction of traditional areas suitable for open-grown coffee in the state. Production conditions can be maintained through the AFS, since the systems attenuate mean temperatures by 1-2 °C. We conclude that the AFS of coffee and rubber trees contribute to coffee crop adaptations to a future warmer environment.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67588465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0062
Luana Piermann, Miriam Fumiko Fujinawa, N. Pontes, J. A. H. Galvão, W. Bettiol
: This study evaluated the effects of potassium and sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, Bacillus subtilis (Cohn, 1872) QST-713, Bacillus pumilus (Meyer & Gottheil, 1901) QST-2808, and crude and roasted coffee oils on the inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination in Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr and the colonization of begonia ( Begonia elatior Hort. ex Steud) leaf discs by B. cinerea inoculated before, simultaneously and after with these alternative products. The assays were carried out using the Baladin begonia cultivar. The inhibition of B. cinerea mycelial growth and conidial germination was proportional to increases in the concentration of all the products. The inhibition of conidial germination was directly proportional to the concentrations of B. pumilus QST-2808 and B. subtilis QST-713. Coffee oils were less efficient in inhibiting germination than the other products. The crude and roasted coffee oils, potassium and sodium carbonates and bicarbonates, and B. pumilus and B. subtilis sprayed 24 h before, simultaneously, or 24 h after pathogen inoculation inhibited the colonization of begonia leaf discs by B. cinerea . The positive results for the suppression of B. cinerea by the alternative products tested herein merit scrutiny. There is a pressing need to evaluate these products in the management of gray mold, as the severity of this disease is usually high under favorable conditions in greenhouses.
{"title":"Inhibition of mycelial growth, conidial germination, and Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr colonization in begonia with biocompatible products","authors":"Luana Piermann, Miriam Fumiko Fujinawa, N. Pontes, J. A. H. Galvão, W. Bettiol","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0062","url":null,"abstract":": This study evaluated the effects of potassium and sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, Bacillus subtilis (Cohn, 1872) QST-713, Bacillus pumilus (Meyer & Gottheil, 1901) QST-2808, and crude and roasted coffee oils on the inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination in Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr and the colonization of begonia ( Begonia elatior Hort. ex Steud) leaf discs by B. cinerea inoculated before, simultaneously and after with these alternative products. The assays were carried out using the Baladin begonia cultivar. The inhibition of B. cinerea mycelial growth and conidial germination was proportional to increases in the concentration of all the products. The inhibition of conidial germination was directly proportional to the concentrations of B. pumilus QST-2808 and B. subtilis QST-713. Coffee oils were less efficient in inhibiting germination than the other products. The crude and roasted coffee oils, potassium and sodium carbonates and bicarbonates, and B. pumilus and B. subtilis sprayed 24 h before, simultaneously, or 24 h after pathogen inoculation inhibited the colonization of begonia leaf discs by B. cinerea . The positive results for the suppression of B. cinerea by the alternative products tested herein merit scrutiny. There is a pressing need to evaluate these products in the management of gray mold, as the severity of this disease is usually high under favorable conditions in greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67587820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0202
M. Hassanpouraghdam, L. V. Mehrabani, Nahideh Kheirollahi, A. Soltanbeigi, Leila Khoshmaram
: Salinity is an abiotic stressor that greatly influences crop growth and yield. Scientists are always exploring diverse methods to combat salinity depression. Here, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to study the effects of NaCl salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM) under the foliar spray with zinc-oxide, nano zinc-oxide, iron-chelate, magnetized-Fe, and graphene-oxide on tarragon. The results revealed that the treatment with foliar spray of graphene showed the highest K + /Na + . Salinity of 50 and 100 mM × all foliar applications increased superoxide dismutase activity, whereas 100 mM NaCl raised the malondialdehyde content to its highest level. All salinity levels × Zn foliar spray improved the catalase activity. The foliar spray and salinity experiment exposed to Zn-treated plants attained the highest contents of essential oils. Proline and total phenolics showed the greatest amounts with 50 and 100 mM of NaCl, respectively. The GC/MS analysis revealed 38 compounds in the oil of Artemisia dracunculus L. as estragole (81-91.8 %) was the most dominant constituent. The highest amounts of estragole were found at 50 and 100 mM NaCl foliar sprayed with ZnO. Cis-Ocimene (0.1-6.4 %) was another major constituent with a high variation between the treatments. The highest cis-ocimene content was recorded at 100 mM NaCl × foliar Fe-chelated and in the graphene treatment. Overall, salinity adversely affected the physiological responses of tarragon; however, foliar spray with both forms of Fe and Zn partially ameliorated the adverse salinity effects.
{"title":"Foliar application of graphene oxide, Fe, and Zn on Artemisia dracunculus L. under salinity","authors":"M. Hassanpouraghdam, L. V. Mehrabani, Nahideh Kheirollahi, A. Soltanbeigi, Leila Khoshmaram","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0202","url":null,"abstract":": Salinity is an abiotic stressor that greatly influences crop growth and yield. Scientists are always exploring diverse methods to combat salinity depression. Here, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to study the effects of NaCl salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM) under the foliar spray with zinc-oxide, nano zinc-oxide, iron-chelate, magnetized-Fe, and graphene-oxide on tarragon. The results revealed that the treatment with foliar spray of graphene showed the highest K + /Na + . Salinity of 50 and 100 mM × all foliar applications increased superoxide dismutase activity, whereas 100 mM NaCl raised the malondialdehyde content to its highest level. All salinity levels × Zn foliar spray improved the catalase activity. The foliar spray and salinity experiment exposed to Zn-treated plants attained the highest contents of essential oils. Proline and total phenolics showed the greatest amounts with 50 and 100 mM of NaCl, respectively. The GC/MS analysis revealed 38 compounds in the oil of Artemisia dracunculus L. as estragole (81-91.8 %) was the most dominant constituent. The highest amounts of estragole were found at 50 and 100 mM NaCl foliar sprayed with ZnO. Cis-Ocimene (0.1-6.4 %) was another major constituent with a high variation between the treatments. The highest cis-ocimene content was recorded at 100 mM NaCl × foliar Fe-chelated and in the graphene treatment. Overall, salinity adversely affected the physiological responses of tarragon; however, foliar spray with both forms of Fe and Zn partially ameliorated the adverse salinity effects.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67588800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-23DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0223
N. D. Ribeiro, S. M. Maziero
: The selection of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines based on grain quality and mineral concentration traits will be more efficient if a minimum number of experiments is established. This study was carried out to determine whether grain quality and mineral concentration traits are significantly affected by the genotype × environment interaction; to estimate heritability and genetic gain in individual and combined experiments; and to select superior common bean lines considering a minimum number of experiments. A total of 17 common bean genotypes were evaluated in four experiments. Grain quality was determined through seven traits, and the concentration of six minerals was analyzed by acid digestion. Statistical analyses were completed using data obtained from both individual (I, II, III and IV) and combined (I and II; I, II and III; and I, II, III and IV) experiments. Except for the potassium concentration, all traits showed a significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Heritability and genetic gain estimates of grain quality and mineral concentration traits varied when the data were obtained from one or more experiments. Genetic gain may be inflated because of the data being based on one or two experiments. Four carioca bean (BRS MG Uai, LP 09-33, LEC 01-16 and Pérola) and four black bean (TB 02-19, CHP 04-239-52, TB 03-11 and IAC Netuno) genotypes were selected for their high grain quality and mineral concentration based on four experiments. Data from at least four experiments should be used to select common bean lines superior in grain quality and mineral concentration traits to increase the efficiency of simultaneous selection.
{"title":"Environmental variability in simultaneous selection of common bean for grain quality and mineral concentration traits","authors":"N. D. Ribeiro, S. M. Maziero","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0223","url":null,"abstract":": The selection of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines based on grain quality and mineral concentration traits will be more efficient if a minimum number of experiments is established. This study was carried out to determine whether grain quality and mineral concentration traits are significantly affected by the genotype × environment interaction; to estimate heritability and genetic gain in individual and combined experiments; and to select superior common bean lines considering a minimum number of experiments. A total of 17 common bean genotypes were evaluated in four experiments. Grain quality was determined through seven traits, and the concentration of six minerals was analyzed by acid digestion. Statistical analyses were completed using data obtained from both individual (I, II, III and IV) and combined (I and II; I, II and III; and I, II, III and IV) experiments. Except for the potassium concentration, all traits showed a significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Heritability and genetic gain estimates of grain quality and mineral concentration traits varied when the data were obtained from one or more experiments. Genetic gain may be inflated because of the data being based on one or two experiments. Four carioca bean (BRS MG Uai, LP 09-33, LEC 01-16 and Pérola) and four black bean (TB 02-19, CHP 04-239-52, TB 03-11 and IAC Netuno) genotypes were selected for their high grain quality and mineral concentration based on four experiments. Data from at least four experiments should be used to select common bean lines superior in grain quality and mineral concentration traits to increase the efficiency of simultaneous selection.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67589036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：