Science of Computer Programming最新文献_第3页

QualCode: A Data-Driven Framework for Predicting Software Maintainability Based on ISO/IEC 25010 基于ISO/IEC 25010的软件可维护性预测的数据驱动框架

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103399

Elham Azhir , Morteza Zakeri , Yasaman Abedini , Mojtaba Mostafavi Ghahfarokhi

This paper presents a comprehensive study on evaluating and predicting software maintainability, leveraging the ISO/IEC 25010 standard as a foundation for software quality assessment. The standard defines eight primary characteristics, including maintainability, which is further divided into subcharacteristics to enable a detailed assessment of software systems. In this context, the QualCode framework is proposed as an efficient solution based on ISO/IEC 25010 principles for calculating the maintainability metric, which involves utilizing an efficient combination of submetrics and harnessing machine learning techniques to enhance the precision of predictions. The QualCode system introduces a comprehensive data-driven and automated approach to software maintainability evaluation, allowing developers and quality assurance teams to gauge the modularity, reusability, analyzability, modifiability, and testability of their software products more effectively. Through an extensive evaluation of prediction models and comparative analyses with existing tools for a diverse set of Java projects, the findings highlight the superior performance of QualCode in predicting software maintainability, reinforcing its significance in the software engineering domain.

本文对软件可维护性的评估和预测进行了全面的研究，利用ISO/IEC 25010标准作为软件质量评估的基础。该标准定义了八个主要特征，包括可维护性，它被进一步划分为子特征，以实现对软件系统的详细评估。在这种情况下，QualCode框架被提议作为一种基于ISO/IEC 25010原则的有效解决方案，用于计算可维护性度量，这涉及到利用子度量的有效组合和利用机器学习技术来提高预测的精度。QualCode系统为软件可维护性评估引入了一种全面的数据驱动和自动化的方法，允许开发人员和质量保证团队更有效地评估其软件产品的模块化、可重用性、可分析性、可修改性和可测试性。通过对预测模型进行广泛的评估，并与针对多种Java项目的现有工具进行比较分析，这些发现突出了QualCode在预测软件可维护性方面的优越性能，加强了它在软件工程领域的重要性。

{"title":"QualCode: A Data-Driven Framework for Predicting Software Maintainability Based on ISO/IEC 25010","authors":"Elham Azhir , Morteza Zakeri , Yasaman Abedini , Mojtaba Mostafavi Ghahfarokhi","doi":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive study on evaluating and predicting software maintainability, leveraging the ISO/IEC 25010 standard as a foundation for software quality assessment. The standard defines eight primary characteristics, including maintainability, which is further divided into subcharacteristics to enable a detailed assessment of software systems. In this context, the QualCode framework is proposed as an efficient solution based on ISO/IEC 25010 principles for calculating the maintainability metric, which involves utilizing an efficient combination of submetrics and harnessing machine learning techniques to enhance the precision of predictions. The QualCode system introduces a comprehensive data-driven and automated approach to software maintainability evaluation, allowing developers and quality assurance teams to gauge the modularity, reusability, analyzability, modifiability, and testability of their software products more effectively. Through an extensive evaluation of prediction models and comparative analyses with existing tools for a diverse set of Java projects, the findings highlight the superior performance of QualCode in predicting software maintainability, reinforcing its significance in the software engineering domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49561,"journal":{"name":"Science of Computer Programming","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 103399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social debt in software development environments: A systematic literature review 软件开发环境中的社会债务：系统的文献回顾

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103396

Eydy Suárez-Brieva , César Jésus Pardo Calvache , Ricardo Pérez-Castillo

Context: Lack of communication and coordination in a software development community can lead to short and long-term social problems. This can result in the misalignment of socio-technical congruence, understood as the disconnect between social and technical factors, which in turn leads to suboptimal decisions. The absence of adequate strategies to manage these problems, together with deficient organizational structures, favors the accumulation of social debt. Objective: This paper collects and analyzes studies related to the causes, effects, consequences, methods, patterns, domains, and prevention and management strategies of social debt in software development. While agile environments are included in the analysis, the overall focus covers a broader range of organizational and methodological contexts, including distributed, hybrid, and other team models. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted through a parameterized search in different databases. This allowed us to identify and filters 231 papers, of which 85 were considered relevant and 45 selected as primary studies. Results: The main socio-technical factors in which social debt is generated and exerts its impact were identified, along with a limited number of tools -mainly conceptual models and automated mechanisms- that facilitate its detection by defining potential causes affecting the well-being of the team and the companies. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is important to further study other causes that allow identifying the presence of social debt, as well as the development of strategies to mitigate its effects on the social and emotional well-being of professionals.

上下文：在软件开发社区中缺乏沟通和协调可能导致短期和长期的社会问题。这可能导致社会技术一致性的不一致，被理解为社会和技术因素之间的脱节，从而导致次优决策。由于缺乏管理这些问题的适当战略，加上组织结构不足，导致社会债务的积累。目的：收集和分析软件开发中社会债务的成因、影响、后果、方法、模式、领域以及预防和管理策略等相关研究。虽然分析中包含了敏捷环境，但总体焦点涵盖了更广泛的组织和方法上下文，包括分布式、混合和其他团队模型。方法：通过对不同数据库进行参数化检索，进行系统的文献综述。这使我们能够识别和筛选231篇论文，其中85篇被认为是相关的，45篇被选为主要研究。结果：确定了产生社会债务并发挥其影响的主要社会技术因素，以及有限数量的工具-主要是概念模型和自动化机制-通过定义影响团队和公司福祉的潜在原因来促进其检测。结论：基于研究结果，重要的是进一步研究其他原因，以确定社会债务的存在，以及制定策略来减轻其对专业人员的社会和情感健康的影响。

{"title":"Social debt in software development environments: A systematic literature review","authors":"Eydy Suárez-Brieva , César Jésus Pardo Calvache , Ricardo Pérez-Castillo","doi":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Context: Lack of communication and coordination in a software development community can lead to short and long-term social problems. This can result in the misalignment of socio-technical congruence, understood as the disconnect between social and technical factors, which in turn leads to suboptimal decisions. The absence of adequate strategies to manage these problems, together with deficient organizational structures, favors the accumulation of social debt. Objective: This paper collects and analyzes studies related to the causes, effects, consequences, methods, patterns, domains, and prevention and management strategies of social debt in software development. While agile environments are included in the analysis, the overall focus covers a broader range of organizational and methodological contexts, including distributed, hybrid, and other team models. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted through a parameterized search in different databases. This allowed us to identify and filters 231 papers, of which 85 were considered relevant and 45 selected as primary studies. Results: The main socio-technical factors in which social debt is generated and exerts its impact were identified, along with a limited number of tools -mainly conceptual models and automated mechanisms- that facilitate its detection by defining potential causes affecting the well-being of the team and the companies. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is important to further study other causes that allow identifying the presence of social debt, as well as the development of strategies to mitigate its effects on the social and emotional well-being of professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49561,"journal":{"name":"Science of Computer Programming","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 103396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CtxFuzz: Discovering heap-based memory vulnerabilities through context heap operation sequence guided fuzzing CtxFuzz：通过上下文堆操作序列引导模糊检测发现基于堆的内存漏洞

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103395

Jiacheng Jiang , Cheng Wen , Zhiyuan Fu , Shengchao Qin

Heap-based memory vulnerabilities are critical to software security and reliability. The presence of these vulnerabilities is affected by various factors, including code coverage, the frequency of heap operations, and the order of execution. Current fuzzing solutions strive to effectively identify these vulnerabilities by employing static analysis or incorporating feedback on the sequence of heap operations. However, these solutions exhibit limited practical applicability and fail to comprehensively address the temporal and spatial dimensions of heap operations. In this paper, we propose a dedicated fuzzing technique called CtxFuzz that efficiently discovers heap-based temporal and spatial memory vulnerabilities without necessitating domain specific knowledge. CtxFuzz employs context heap operation sequences (CHOS) as a novel feedback mechanism to guide the fuzzing process. CHOS comprises sequences of heap operations, including allocation, deallocation, read, and write, that are associated with their corresponding heap memory addresses and identified within the current context during the execution of the target program. By doing so, CtxFuzz can explore more heap states and trigger more heap-based memory vulnerabilities, both temporal and spatial. We evaluate CtxFuzz on 9 real-world open-source programs and compare its performance against 7 state-of-the-art fuzzers. The results indicate that CtxFuzz outperforms most of these fuzzers in terms of discovering heap-based memory vulnerabilities. Furthermore, our experiments led to the identification of ten zero-day vulnerabilities (10 CVEs).

基于堆的内存漏洞对软件的安全性和可靠性至关重要。这些漏洞的存在受到各种因素的影响，包括代码覆盖率、堆操作的频率和执行顺序。当前的模糊测试解决方案努力通过使用静态分析或结合对堆操作序列的反馈来有效地识别这些漏洞。然而，这些解决方案表现出有限的实际适用性，并且不能全面地处理堆操作的时间和空间维度。在本文中，我们提出了一种称为CtxFuzz的专用模糊测试技术，该技术可以有效地发现基于堆的时间和空间内存漏洞，而无需特定领域的知识。CtxFuzz采用上下文堆操作序列（CHOS）作为一种新的反馈机制来指导模糊过程。CHOS包含堆操作序列，包括分配、释放、读取和写入，这些操作与相应的堆内存地址相关联，并在目标程序执行期间在当前上下文中标识。通过这样做，CtxFuzz可以探索更多堆状态，并触发更多基于堆的内存漏洞，包括时间和空间漏洞。我们在9个真实世界的开源程序上评估CtxFuzz，并将其性能与7个最先进的fuzzers进行比较。结果表明，CtxFuzz在发现基于堆的内存漏洞方面优于大多数这些fuzzers。此外，我们的实验还发现了10个零日漏洞（10个cve）。

{"title":"CtxFuzz: Discovering heap-based memory vulnerabilities through context heap operation sequence guided fuzzing","authors":"Jiacheng Jiang , Cheng Wen , Zhiyuan Fu , Shengchao Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heap-based memory vulnerabilities are critical to software security and reliability. The presence of these vulnerabilities is affected by various factors, including code coverage, the frequency of heap operations, and the order of execution. Current fuzzing solutions strive to effectively identify these vulnerabilities by employing static analysis or incorporating feedback on the sequence of heap operations. However, these solutions exhibit limited practical applicability and fail to comprehensively address the temporal and spatial dimensions of heap operations. In this paper, we propose a dedicated fuzzing technique called <span>CtxFuzz</span> that efficiently discovers heap-based temporal and spatial memory vulnerabilities without necessitating domain specific knowledge. <span>CtxFuzz</span> employs context heap operation sequences (CHOS) as a novel feedback mechanism to guide the fuzzing process. CHOS comprises sequences of heap operations, including allocation, deallocation, read, and write, that are associated with their corresponding heap memory addresses and identified within the current context during the execution of the target program. By doing so, <span>CtxFuzz</span> can explore more heap states and trigger more heap-based memory vulnerabilities, both temporal and spatial. We evaluate <span>CtxFuzz</span> on 9 real-world open-source programs and compare its performance against 7 state-of-the-art fuzzers. The results indicate that <span>CtxFuzz</span> outperforms most of these fuzzers in terms of discovering heap-based memory vulnerabilities. Furthermore, our experiments led to the identification of ten zero-day vulnerabilities (10 CVEs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49561,"journal":{"name":"Science of Computer Programming","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 103395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing student perceptions and behaviors in the use of an engaging visualization dashboard for peer code review activities 分析学生的看法和行为，使用引人入胜的可视化仪表板进行同行代码审查活动

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103394

Hoang-Thanh Duong , Chuan-Lin Huang , Bao-An Nguyen , Hsi-Min Chen

Background and context

Traditional learning management systems often fail to sustain student motivation in computer science education, where consistent practice is crucial for skill development. This necessitates specialized tools that better support technical learning processes, foster engagement, and enable timely interventions for struggling students.

Objectives

This study introduces and evaluates a dashboard module integrated into peer code review activities within an "Object-Oriented Design Laboratory" course. The research analyzes comprehensive peer code review data collected through this dashboard to examine student review behaviors and identify at-risk students through behavioral indicators.

Method

A mixed-methods approach compared an experimental group (n = 75) using the assessment dashboard against a control group (n = 78) without dashboard access. Both cohorts received identical instructions over 17 weeks. Data collection included peer code review processes, programming exam results, and student surveys to analyze review behaviors and perceptions of the dashboard.

Findings

Students with dashboard access demonstrated significantly improved engagement and self-awareness in the peer code review activity, along with measurable performance gains. Instructors benefited from more efficient monitoring capabilities across peer code review activities.

Implications

Dashboard systems enhance metacognitive awareness through self-reflection and interaction monitoring, showing particular promise for programming education. These systems improve learning outcomes and instructional effectiveness by providing visual feedback that helps students track progress and identify improvement areas while giving instructors valuable insights into engagement patterns and learning behaviors.

背景和背景传统的学习管理系统往往不能在计算机科学教育中维持学生的积极性，而在计算机科学教育中，持续的实践对于技能发展至关重要。这就需要专门的工具来更好地支持技术学习过程，促进参与，并为困难学生提供及时的干预。本研究介绍并评估了“面向对象设计实验室”课程中集成到同行代码审查活动中的仪表板模块。该研究分析了通过该仪表板收集的全面的同行代码审查数据，以检查学生的审查行为，并通过行为指标识别有风险的学生。方法采用混合方法将使用评估仪表板的实验组（n = 75）与不使用仪表板的对照组（n = 78）进行比较。两组患者在17周内接受了相同的指导。数据收集包括同行代码审查过程、编程考试结果和学生调查，以分析审查行为和对仪表板的看法。有仪表板访问权限的学生在同行代码审查活动中表现出显著提高的参与度和自我意识，以及可衡量的性能收益。讲师从跨同级代码审查活动的更有效的监视能力中受益。仪表板系统通过自我反思和交互监测来增强元认知意识，在编程教育方面表现出特别的前景。这些系统通过提供视觉反馈来提高学习效果和教学效率，帮助学生跟踪进度并确定改进的领域，同时为教师提供参与模式和学习行为的宝贵见解。

{"title":"Analyzing student perceptions and behaviors in the use of an engaging visualization dashboard for peer code review activities","authors":"Hoang-Thanh Duong , Chuan-Lin Huang , Bao-An Nguyen , Hsi-Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and context</h3><div>Traditional learning management systems often fail to sustain student motivation in computer science education, where consistent practice is crucial for skill development. This necessitates specialized tools that better support technical learning processes, foster engagement, and enable timely interventions for struggling students.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study introduces and evaluates a dashboard module integrated into peer code review activities within an \"Object-Oriented Design Laboratory\" course. The research analyzes comprehensive peer code review data collected through this dashboard to examine student review behaviors and identify at-risk students through behavioral indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A mixed-methods approach compared an experimental group (<em>n</em> = 75) using the assessment dashboard against a control group (<em>n</em> = 78) without dashboard access. Both cohorts received identical instructions over 17 weeks. Data collection included peer code review processes, programming exam results, and student surveys to analyze review behaviors and perceptions of the dashboard.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Students with dashboard access demonstrated significantly improved engagement and self-awareness in the peer code review activity, along with measurable performance gains. Instructors benefited from more efficient monitoring capabilities across peer code review activities.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Dashboard systems enhance metacognitive awareness through self-reflection and interaction monitoring, showing particular promise for programming education. These systems improve learning outcomes and instructional effectiveness by providing visual feedback that helps students track progress and identify improvement areas while giving instructors valuable insights into engagement patterns and learning behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49561,"journal":{"name":"Science of Computer Programming","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 103394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic identification of extrinsic bug reports for just-in-time bug prediction 自动识别外部错误报告，以便及时预测错误

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103410

Guisheng Fan , Yuguo Liang , Longfei Zu , Huiqun Yu , Zijie Huang , Wentao Chen

In software development, developers create bug reports within an Issue Tracking System (ITS) to describe the cause, symptoms, severity, and other technical details of bugs. The ITS includes reports of both intrinsic bugs (i.e., those originating within the software itself) and extrinsic bugs (i.e., those arising from third-party dependencies). Although extrinsic bugs are not recorded in the Version Control System (VCS), they can still affect Just-In-Time (JIT) bug prediction models that rely on VCS-derived information.

Previous research has shown that excluding extrinsic bugs can significantly improve JIT bug prediction model’s performance. However, manually classifying intrinsic and extrinsic bugs is time-consuming and prone to errors. To address this issue, we propose a CAN model that integrates the local feature extraction capability of TextCNN with the nonlinear approximation advantage of the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN). Experiments on 1880 labeled data samples from the OpenStack project demonstrate that the CAN model outperforms benchmark models such as BERT and CodeBERT, achieving an accuracy of 0.7492 and an F1-score of 0.8072. By comparing datasets with and without source code, we find that incorporating source code information enhances model performance. Finally, using the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), an explainable artificial intelligence technique, we identify that keywords such as “test” and “api” in bug reports significantly contribute to the prediction of extrinsic bugs.

在软件开发中，开发人员在问题跟踪系统（ITS）中创建错误报告，以描述错误的原因、症状、严重程度和其他技术细节。ITS包括内部错误（即，源自软件本身的错误）和外部错误（即，源自第三方依赖的错误）的报告。尽管外部错误没有记录在版本控制系统（VCS）中，但它们仍然可以影响依赖于VCS派生信息的即时（JIT）错误预测模型。已有研究表明，排除外部bug可以显著提高JIT bug预测模型的性能。然而，手工地对内在和外在的bug进行分类既耗时又容易出错。为了解决这一问题，我们提出了一种CAN模型，该模型将TextCNN的局部特征提取能力与Kolmogorov-Arnold网络（KAN）的非线性逼近优势相结合。在OpenStack项目1880个标记数据样本上的实验表明，CAN模型优于BERT和CodeBERT等基准模型，准确率为0.7492，f1分数为0.8072。通过比较有源代码和没有源代码的数据集，我们发现合并源代码信息可以提高模型的性能。最后，使用局部可解释模型不可知论解释（LIME），一种可解释的人工智能技术，我们发现bug报告中的关键字，如“测试”和“api”，对外部bug的预测有显著贡献。

{"title":"Automatic identification of extrinsic bug reports for just-in-time bug prediction","authors":"Guisheng Fan , Yuguo Liang , Longfei Zu , Huiqun Yu , Zijie Huang , Wentao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In software development, developers create bug reports within an Issue Tracking System (ITS) to describe the cause, symptoms, severity, and other technical details of bugs. The ITS includes reports of both intrinsic bugs (i.e., those originating within the software itself) and extrinsic bugs (i.e., those arising from third-party dependencies). Although extrinsic bugs are not recorded in the Version Control System (VCS), they can still affect Just-In-Time (JIT) bug prediction models that rely on VCS-derived information.</div><div>Previous research has shown that excluding extrinsic bugs can significantly improve JIT bug prediction model’s performance. However, manually classifying intrinsic and extrinsic bugs is time-consuming and prone to errors. To address this issue, we propose a CAN model that integrates the local feature extraction capability of TextCNN with the nonlinear approximation advantage of the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN). Experiments on 1880 labeled data samples from the OpenStack project demonstrate that the CAN model outperforms benchmark models such as BERT and CodeBERT, achieving an accuracy of 0.7492 and an F1-score of 0.8072. By comparing datasets with and without source code, we find that incorporating source code information enhances model performance. Finally, using the Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), an explainable artificial intelligence technique, we identify that keywords such as “test” and “api” in bug reports significantly contribute to the prediction of extrinsic bugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49561,"journal":{"name":"Science of Computer Programming","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 103410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systematicity and generalizability in business process redesign methodologies: A systematic literature review 业务流程再设计方法的系统性和概括性：系统的文献综述

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103392

George Tsakalidis, Kostas Vergidis

Context

Business Process Management (BPM) plays a central role in helping organizations improve efficiency and service delivery, particularly in environments with rising demands and limited resources. Within this field, Business Process Redesign (BPR) has emerged as a way to rethink and restructure processes in response to continuous change. However, many existing BPR methodologies fall short—they lack methodological rigor and are often too narrowly tailored to specific industries or use cases.

Objectives

This study explores whether BPR methodologies are both systematically structured and broadly applicable across domains. It addresses three key questions: whether current approaches are methodologically grounded, whether they can be applied across diverse contexts, and what core elements are necessary to support both structure and generalizability in BPR design.

Methods

A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, applying an eight-step protocol to assess sixty-four primary BPR methodologies drawn from academic databases. Each methodology was evaluated against two sets of criteria: five indicators of systematic design (e.g., defined phases, interdependencies, evaluation checkpoints), and five indicators of generalizability (e.g., cross-domain adaptability, notation flexibility, heuristic support). A concept-centric synthesis was used to analyze the findings.

Results

Of the methodologies reviewed, thirty-eight demonstrated systematic features, while only eight met broader applicability standards. Only one methodology satisfied all ten criteria, revealing a notable gap in the field and a need for more balanced, reusable frameworks.

Conclusion

The study highlights a significant gap in the current BPR methodologies and presents the BPR Application Framework —a structured yet adaptable methodology that combines phase-based design with heuristic integration and notation-aware modeling. Compared with established references like BPM CBOK and Lean Six Sigma, it offers a clearer, more actionable path for practitioners and researchers seeking both rigor and flexibility in BPR.

上下文业务流程管理（BPM）在帮助组织提高效率和服务交付方面发挥着核心作用，特别是在需求不断增长和资源有限的环境中。在这个领域中，业务流程重新设计（BPR）作为一种重新思考和重构流程以响应持续变化的方法而出现。然而，许多现有的BPR方法都有不足之处——它们缺乏方法上的严谨性，并且常常过于狭隘地针对特定的行业或用例进行定制。本研究探讨业务流程再造方法是否具有系统的结构和跨领域的广泛适用性。它解决了三个关键问题：当前的方法是否基于方法，它们是否可以在不同的环境中应用，以及在BPR设计中需要哪些核心元素来支持结构和概括性。方法采用系统文献综述（SLR），采用8步方案对学术数据库中64种主要的业务流程再造方法进行评估。每种方法都是根据两组标准进行评估的：系统设计的五个指标（例如，已定义的阶段、相互依赖关系、评估检查点），以及可推广性的五个指标（例如，跨领域适应性、符号灵活性、启发式支持）。以概念为中心的综合被用来分析研究结果。结果在审查的方法中，38个显示出系统特征，而只有8个符合更广泛的适用性标准。只有一种方法满足所有10个标准，这表明该领域存在明显的差距，需要更平衡、更可重用的框架。该研究强调了当前业务流程再造方法中的一个重大差距，并提出了业务流程再造应用框架——一种结构化但适应性强的方法，将基于阶段的设计与启发式集成和符号感知建模相结合。与BPM CBOK和精益六西格玛等已建立的参考文献相比，它为寻求BPR的严谨性和灵活性的从业者和研究人员提供了更清晰、更可操作的路径。

{"title":"Systematicity and generalizability in business process redesign methodologies: A systematic literature review","authors":"George Tsakalidis, Kostas Vergidis","doi":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Business Process Management (BPM) plays a central role in helping organizations improve efficiency and service delivery, particularly in environments with rising demands and limited resources. Within this field, Business Process Redesign (BPR) has emerged as a way to rethink and restructure processes in response to continuous change. However, many existing BPR methodologies fall short—they lack methodological rigor and are often too narrowly tailored to specific industries or use cases.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study explores whether BPR methodologies are both systematically structured and broadly applicable across domains. It addresses three key questions: whether current approaches are methodologically grounded, whether they can be applied across diverse contexts, and what core elements are necessary to support both structure and generalizability in BPR design.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, applying an eight-step protocol to assess sixty-four primary BPR methodologies drawn from academic databases. Each methodology was evaluated against two sets of criteria: five indicators of systematic design (e.g., defined phases, interdependencies, evaluation checkpoints), and five indicators of generalizability (e.g., cross-domain adaptability, notation flexibility, heuristic support). A concept-centric synthesis was used to analyze the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the methodologies reviewed, thirty-eight demonstrated systematic features, while only eight met broader applicability standards. Only one methodology satisfied all ten criteria, revealing a notable gap in the field and a need for more balanced, reusable frameworks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights a significant gap in the current BPR methodologies and presents the BPR Application Framework —a structured yet adaptable methodology that combines phase-based design with heuristic integration and notation-aware modeling. Compared with established references like BPM CBOK and Lean Six Sigma, it offers a clearer, more actionable path for practitioners and researchers seeking both rigor and flexibility in BPR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49561,"journal":{"name":"Science of Computer Programming","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 103392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grits: A message-passing programming language based on the semi-axiomatic sequent calculus Grits：一种基于半公理序列演算的消息传递编程语言

IF 1.5 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103360

Adrian Francalanza , Gerard Tabone , Frank Pfenning

This paper introduces Grits, a channel-based message-passing concurrent language based on the semi-axiomatic sequent calculus, a logical foundation underpinning intuitionistic session types. The language leverages modalities from adjoint logic to express a number of programming idioms such as broadcast communication and message cancellation. The Grits interpreter is developed using Go, and consists primarily of two components: a type-checker and an evaluator.

Grits是一种基于信道的消息传递并发语言，它基于半公理序列演算，是支持直觉会话类型的逻辑基础。该语言利用伴随逻辑的模态来表达许多编程习惯用法，如广播通信和消息取消。Grits解释器是用Go语言开发的，主要由两个组件组成：类型检查器和求值器。

引用次数: 0

Enhancing decision-making for software architects: selecting appropriate architectural patterns based on quality attribute requirements 增强软件架构师的决策：根据质量属性需求选择合适的架构模式

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103383

Maryam Gholami , Jafar Habibi , Maziar Goudarzi

Decision-making in software architecture is complex and requires expertise across domains. A key challenge is balancing software quality attributes. Architectural patterns, as knowledge repositories, offer solutions to recurring design problems. Thus, a structured approach to selecting patterns based on quality requirements is essential.

This paper presents an approach to improve decision-making in selecting architectural patterns concerning software quality attributes. Our method helps architects choose suitable patterns to achieve desired quality outcomes. For new or evolving systems, it recommends patterns aligned with target attributes, while for existing systems, it suggests improvements to enhance architecture.

We use Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) to achieve this goal. Eight architectural patterns were selected as cases, and relevant features were identified using the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT), with feature extraction performed by five experts. By computing similarity between RGT vectors and CBR cases, our method predicts the most appropriate pattern. The proposed approach achieves 83 % accuracy, demonstrating its effectiveness.

软件架构中的决策是复杂的，需要跨领域的专业知识。一个关键的挑战是平衡软件质量属性。架构模式作为知识库，为反复出现的设计问题提供解决方案。因此，基于质量需求选择模式的结构化方法是必不可少的。本文提出了一种改进基于软件质量属性的体系结构模式选择决策的方法。我们的方法帮助架构师选择合适的模式来实现期望的质量结果。对于新的或发展中的系统，它推荐与目标属性一致的模式，而对于现有的系统，它建议改进以增强体系结构。我们使用基于案例的推理（CBR）来实现这个目标。选择8种建筑模式作为案例，利用储备网格技术（RGT）识别相关特征，并由5名专家进行特征提取。通过计算RGT向量与CBR案例之间的相似性，我们的方法预测出最合适的模式。该方法的准确率达到83%，证明了其有效性。

{"title":"Enhancing decision-making for software architects: selecting appropriate architectural patterns based on quality attribute requirements","authors":"Maryam Gholami , Jafar Habibi , Maziar Goudarzi","doi":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decision-making in software architecture is complex and requires expertise across domains. A key challenge is balancing software quality attributes. Architectural patterns, as knowledge repositories, offer solutions to recurring design problems. Thus, a structured approach to selecting patterns based on quality requirements is essential.</div><div>This paper presents an approach to improve decision-making in selecting architectural patterns concerning software quality attributes. Our method helps architects choose suitable patterns to achieve desired quality outcomes. For new or evolving systems, it recommends patterns aligned with target attributes, while for existing systems, it suggests improvements to enhance architecture.</div><div>We use Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) to achieve this goal. Eight architectural patterns were selected as cases, and relevant features were identified using the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT), with feature extraction performed by five experts. By computing similarity between RGT vectors and CBR cases, our method predicts the most appropriate pattern. The proposed approach achieves 83 % accuracy, demonstrating its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49561,"journal":{"name":"Science of Computer Programming","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 103383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formal Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems (FTSCS 2023) 安全关键系统的正式技术（FTSCS 2023）

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103363

Cyrille Artho , Peter Csaba Ölveczky

引用次数: 0

Exact and sufficient schedulability tests for adaptive weakly-hard real-time mixed-criticality systems 自适应弱硬实时混合临界系统的精确和充分的可调度性测试

IF 1.4 4区计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Science of Computer Programming

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scico.2025.103382

Hossein Rabbiun , Mahmoud Shirazi , Jamal Mohammadi

This paper presents enhanced schedulability analysis techniques for Adaptive Mixed-Criticality systems with Weakly-Hard constraints (AMC-WH), where the low-criticality (LO) task jobs can continue to execute when the system switches to high-criticality (HI) mode. Prior AMC-WH studies typically adopt the skip-over model, in which up to s out of m consecutive LO task deadlines may be missed without violating system constraints. These approaches evaluate the Worst-Case Response Times (WCRT) of LO tasks under a fixed job execution pattern. In contrast, this work introduces a novel schedulability analysis framework based on the more general

(m, k)

-firm model, where each LO task must meet at least m out of any k consecutive deadlines. This extension allows for more flexible and configurable execution patterns for LO tasks after a mode transition, improving the adaptability of the system to varying operational conditions. Additionally, we propose an exact schedulability test for AMC-WH based on Response Time Analysis (RTA), which incorporates the

(m, k)

-firm model to precisely analyze schedulability by dynamically managing LO task execution patterns post-mode switch. Comprehensive experimental evaluations confirm the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed tests. In particular, our approach achieves an 18% improvement in schedulability compared to the AMC-WH skip-over baseline, while also optimizing resource utilization. By leveraging the flexibility of the

(m, k)

-firm model, our method supports a wide range of real-time applications with diverse tolerance levels for deadline misses, offering enhanced adaptability in LO task execution strategies.

本文提出了具有弱硬约束（AMC-WH）的自适应混合临界系统的增强可调度性分析技术，当系统切换到高临界（HI）模式时，低临界（LO）任务作业可以继续执行。先前的AMC-WH研究通常采用跳过模型，在不违反系统约束的情况下，可能会错过m个连续LO任务截止日期中的5个。这些方法在固定作业执行模式下评估LO任务的最坏情况响应时间（WCRT）。相比之下，这项工作引入了一种基于更一般的（m,k）公司模型的新颖可调度性分析框架，其中每个LO任务必须满足任意k个连续截止日期中的至少m个。此扩展允许在模式转换后为LO任务提供更灵活和可配置的执行模式，从而提高系统对不同操作条件的适应性。此外，我们提出了一种基于响应时间分析（RTA）的精确可调度性测试，该测试结合了（m,k） firm模型，通过动态管理LO任务执行模式后模式切换来精确分析可调度性。综合实验评价证实了所提测试的有效性和实用性。特别是，与AMC-WH跳过基线相比，我们的方法在可调度性方面提高了18%，同时还优化了资源利用率。通过利用(m,k)-firm模型的灵活性，我们的方法支持广泛的实时应用程序，具有对截止日期错过的不同容忍度，增强了LO任务执行策略的适应性。

{"title":"Exact and sufficient schedulability tests for adaptive weakly-hard real-time mixed-criticality systems","authors":"Hossein Rabbiun , Mahmoud Shirazi , Jamal Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scico.2025.103382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents enhanced schedulability analysis techniques for Adaptive Mixed-Criticality systems with Weakly-Hard constraints (AMC-WH), where the low-criticality (LO) task jobs can continue to execute when the system switches to high-criticality (HI) mode. Prior AMC-WH studies typically adopt the skip-over model, in which up to <em>s</em> out of <em>m</em> consecutive LO task deadlines may be missed without violating system constraints. These approaches evaluate the Worst-Case Response Times (WCRT) of LO tasks under a fixed job execution pattern. In contrast, this work introduces a novel schedulability analysis framework based on the more general <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>-firm model, where each LO task must meet at least <em>m</em> out of any <em>k</em> consecutive deadlines. This extension allows for more flexible and configurable execution patterns for LO tasks after a mode transition, improving the adaptability of the system to varying operational conditions. Additionally, we propose an exact schedulability test for AMC-WH based on Response Time Analysis (RTA), which incorporates the <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>-firm model to precisely analyze schedulability by dynamically managing LO task execution patterns post-mode switch. Comprehensive experimental evaluations confirm the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed tests. In particular, our approach achieves an 18% improvement in schedulability compared to the AMC-WH skip-over baseline, while also optimizing resource utilization. By leveraging the flexibility of the <span><math><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>-firm model, our method supports a wide range of real-time applications with diverse tolerance levels for deadline misses, offering enhanced adaptability in LO task execution strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49561,"journal":{"name":"Science of Computer Programming","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 103382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0