Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1134/s1063074023070076
E. R. Ivshina, I. N. Mukhametov
Abstract
The spatial distribution of the Pacific herring Clupea pallasii in the Sea of Okhotsk waters at the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island is described on the basis of data of the surveys using bottom and midwater trawls and a Danish seine conducted in June–October 1989 and 1997–2020. Herring are distributed widely, with the main aggregations forming in the area with depths of less than 100 m between Lunsky Bay and Piltun Bay, where herring of the North-East Sakhalin population feed. Herring in deeper waters presumably belong to the Okhotsk population.
{"title":"The Spatial Distribution of the Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii on the Northeastern Shelf of Sakhalin Island in the Modern Period","authors":"E. R. Ivshina, I. N. Mukhametov","doi":"10.1134/s1063074023070076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074023070076","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The spatial distribution of the Pacific herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i> in the Sea of Okhotsk waters at the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island is described on the basis of data of the surveys using bottom and midwater trawls and a Danish seine conducted in June–October 1989 and 1997–2020. Herring are distributed widely, with the main aggregations forming in the area with depths of less than 100 m between Lunsky Bay and Piltun Bay, where herring of the North-East Sakhalin population feed. Herring in deeper waters presumably belong to the Okhotsk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1134/s1063074023070040
A. V. Buslov
Abstract
Patterns of linear and weight growth during the first year of life in saffron cod from different parts of the range are considered based on measurement data and summarized materials for the species available in literature. The growth within a year is simulated by a logistic function. Individuals from the southern areas of the range have been found to grow significantly faster. The most intense linear growth is observed in the first 4 months of life when body length in larvae and juveniles increases by about 50–60% per month. Then, the relative increment decreases significantly in autumn and winter to a rate no greater than 1–4% by the end of the first year of life. The absolute length increments increase during the first half of the year, reaching a maximum of 25–30 mm per month in late summer and early autumn. In the rest of the year, the absolute increments decrease to 2–3 mm. The weight growth pattern is markedly different from the linear one. The weight growth is most intense and significantly exceeds the linear growth within the first 5 months of life. In this period, the body weight at least doubles each month. The rate of relative increments gradually decreases from the first to the fifth month of life. Afterwards, upon reaching a weight of approximately 5 g, the rate of relative weight increments decreases abruptly, although the absolute increments increase substantially. The maximum weight increments (5–6 g) occur in the sixth–eighth months of life, when fish reach a body length greater than 86 mm. In this short period, the saffron cod gain slightly more than 60% of their first-year weight. The peaks of linear and weight increments are discordant in time, with the lag between them being about 2 months. The maximum body length increments are observed in July–September; the maximum weight increments occurred in September–November.
{"title":"Growth Patterns in the Saffron Cod, Eleginus gracilis Tilesius (Gadidae), during the First Year of Life","authors":"A. V. Buslov","doi":"10.1134/s1063074023070040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074023070040","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Patterns of linear and weight growth during the first year of life in saffron cod from different parts of the range are considered based on measurement data and summarized materials for the species available in literature. The growth within a year is simulated by a logistic function. Individuals from the southern areas of the range have been found to grow significantly faster. The most intense linear growth is observed in the first 4 months of life when body length in larvae and juveniles increases by about 50–60% per month. Then, the relative increment decreases significantly in autumn and winter to a rate no greater than 1–4% by the end of the first year of life. The absolute length increments increase during the first half of the year, reaching a maximum of 25–30 mm per month in late summer and early autumn. In the rest of the year, the absolute increments decrease to 2–3 mm. The weight growth pattern is markedly different from the linear one. The weight growth is most intense and significantly exceeds the linear growth within the first 5 months of life. In this period, the body weight at least doubles each month. The rate of relative increments gradually decreases from the first to the fifth month of life. Afterwards, upon reaching a weight of approximately 5 g, the rate of relative weight increments decreases abruptly, although the absolute increments increase substantially. The maximum weight increments (5–6 g) occur in the sixth–eighth months of life, when fish reach a body length greater than 86 mm. In this short period, the saffron cod gain slightly more than 60% of their first-year weight. The peaks of linear and weight increments are discordant in time, with the lag between them being about 2 months. The maximum body length increments are observed in July–September; the maximum weight increments occurred in September–November.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1134/s1063074023070155
A. B. Savin
Abstract
Cod stocks dynamics and annual catches in the northwestern Bering Sea from 1965 to 2022 are determined based on materials collected in the research surveys and commercial expeditions, as well as on the data of fishery statistics and literature data. Various biological parameters concerning fisheries have been calculated: instantaneous fishing mortality rate, instantaneous natural mortality rate, von Bertalanffy equation parameters, etc. The decline in stocks is presumably linked to the expanding Laurentian cold spot, as well as to bottom trawl fishing on spawning grounds. It was concluded that since 2002, the fishing pressure on the cod stock was moderate, and fishing mortality did not exceed its target level. However, if the trend of rapid decline in cod stocks continues in the next 3–4 years and the fishing pressure is relatively high, the instantaneous fishing mortality rate may increase. It may exceed the target reference point, and even the limit reference point.
{"title":"Stocks and Fishery of Cod (Gadus macrocephalus, Gadidae) in the Northwestern Bering Sea in 1965–2022","authors":"A. B. Savin","doi":"10.1134/s1063074023070155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074023070155","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Cod stocks dynamics and annual catches in the northwestern Bering Sea from 1965 to 2022 are determined based on materials collected in the research surveys and commercial expeditions, as well as on the data of fishery statistics and literature data. Various biological parameters concerning fisheries have been calculated: instantaneous fishing mortality rate, instantaneous natural mortality rate, von Bertalanffy equation parameters, etc. The decline in stocks is presumably linked to the expanding Laurentian cold spot, as well as to bottom trawl fishing on spawning grounds. It was concluded that since 2002, the fishing pressure on the cod stock was moderate, and fishing mortality did not exceed its target level. However, if the trend of rapid decline in cod stocks continues in the next 3–4 years and the fishing pressure is relatively high, the instantaneous fishing mortality rate may increase. It may exceed the target reference point, and even the limit reference point.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1134/s106307402307009x
A. N. Makoedov, A. A. Makoedov
Abstract
Information on trends in Russian-origin sockeye salmon abundance and suggestions on its possible catch in the medium term are discussed. The average catch over the period from 1907 to 2022 was about 27 000 t. The catches of sockeye and pink, sockeye, and chum salmon from 1971 to 2022 have been correlated. Calculation scenarios of Pacific salmon forecast catches of Russian origin up to 2035 are presented. Two periods of low abundance of Asian sockeye, from the beginning of observations to 1927 and from 1965 to 2001, and also two periods of high abundance, from 1928 to 1964 and from 2002 up to the present time are noted. The length of the recorded periods was about 35–37 years. The complete cycle of the dynamics of the sockeye salmon population of Russian origin takes about 70–75 years. Trends in sockeye salmon population dynamics and Russian origin Pacific salmon are very similar on the whole. It can be assumed that until the late 2020s and early 2030s, the Russian-origin sockeye salmon average catch will be at least 35 000 t.
{"title":"Sockeye Salmon of Russian Origin: What Can Fishermen Count On?","authors":"A. N. Makoedov, A. A. Makoedov","doi":"10.1134/s106307402307009x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106307402307009x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Information on trends in Russian-origin sockeye salmon abundance and suggestions on its possible catch in the medium term are discussed. The average catch over the period from 1907 to 2022 was about 27 000 t. The catches of sockeye and pink, sockeye, and chum salmon from 1971 to 2022 have been correlated. Calculation scenarios of Pacific salmon forecast catches of Russian origin up to 2035 are presented. Two periods of low abundance of Asian sockeye, from the beginning of observations to 1927 and from 1965 to 2001, and also two periods of high abundance, from 1928 to 1964 and from 2002 up to the present time are noted. The length of the recorded periods was about 35–37 years. The complete cycle of the dynamics of the sockeye salmon population of Russian origin takes about 70–75 years. Trends in sockeye salmon population dynamics and Russian origin Pacific salmon are very similar on the whole. It can be assumed that until the late 2020s and early 2030s, the Russian-origin sockeye salmon average catch will be at least 35 000 t.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1134/s1063074023070118
D. A. Sokolenko, L. G. Sedova
Abstract
The current status of Chlamys swiftii beds and resources of this species in the coastal waters of Primorsky krai, Sea of Japan, are assessed on the basis of data collected in 2007–2021. It has been found that scallops do not form dense aggregations sufficient for commercial harvesting. Scallop beds with the highest average biomass (22.5 ± 5.0 g/m2) are concentrated in the waters from Cape Povorotny to Cape Yuzhny; beds with the lowest biomass are in Peter the Great Bay (3.7 ± 2.1 g/m2). All beds have a mosaic pattern of distribution. The total stock of this scallop species is estimated at 1400 t; the commercial stock, at 1300 t. About 99% of the total stock in the coastal waters of Primorsky krai is concentrated in the area from Cape Povorotny to Cape Zolotoy. In these waters, the recruitment of juveniles to the stock has been found to be more regular and active than in Peter the Great Bay. The percentage of scallops of noncommercial size varies from 1.9 to 19.0%. The Ch. swiftii beds in Peter the Great Bay are dominated by individuals at age of 3–6 years with a shell height of 80–115 mm; in the area from Cape Povorotny to Cape Zolotoy, by individuals at ages of 3–7 years with a shell height of 70–110 mm. The modal age of scallops is 4 years, and the maximum age ranges from 7 to 12 years.
{"title":"Swift’s Scallop (Chlamys swiftii, Bivalvia) Resources and the Structure of Beds in Coastal Waters of Primorsky Krai, Sea of Japan","authors":"D. A. Sokolenko, L. G. Sedova","doi":"10.1134/s1063074023070118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074023070118","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The current status of <i>Chlamys swiftii</i> beds and resources of this species in the coastal waters of Primorsky krai, Sea of Japan, are assessed on the basis of data collected in 2007–2021. It has been found that scallops do not form dense aggregations sufficient for commercial harvesting. Scallop beds with the highest average biomass (22.5 ± 5.0 g/m<sup>2</sup>) are concentrated in the waters from Cape Povorotny to Cape Yuzhny; beds with the lowest biomass are in Peter the Great Bay (3.7 ± 2.1 g/m<sup>2</sup>). All beds have a mosaic pattern of distribution. The total stock of this scallop species is estimated at 1400 t; the commercial stock, at 1300 t. About 99% of the total stock in the coastal waters of Primorsky krai is concentrated in the area from Cape Povorotny to Cape Zolotoy. In these waters, the recruitment of juveniles to the stock has been found to be more regular and active than in Peter the Great Bay. The percentage of scallops of noncommercial size varies from 1.9 to 19.0%. The <i>Ch. swiftii</i> beds in Peter the Great Bay are dominated by individuals at age of 3–6 years with a shell height of 80–115 mm; in the area from Cape Povorotny to Cape Zolotoy, by individuals at ages of 3–7 years with a shell height of 70–110 mm. The modal age of scallops is 4 years, and the maximum age ranges from 7 to 12 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1134/s1063074023070052
A. N. Elnikov, O. V. Zelennikov
Abstract
The abundance dynamics and the size and age structure of the chum salmon stock formed in Prostor and Kurilsky Bays of Iturup Island, Kuril Islands have been analyzed. The number of chum juveniles released into the waters of the bays increased from 10.7 million fish in 1996 to 197.6 million fish in 2020. The catch of adults was closely related (r = 0.66) with the release of juveniles and also increased from 800 t in 1996 to 18 968 t in 2019. The year-to-year dynamics of the chum salmon catch was almost identical between these two bays. If a strong year-class formed, it was caught in both bays; with a low survival rate of a year-class, low catches were recorded everywhere. Spawners of younger age groups (aged 2+ and, predominantly, 3+ years) markedly dominated catches in 2014–2022. Of 22 939 spawners examined in those years, 14 221 fish, or 62.0%, were aged 3+ years. Prediction of chum salmon catch weight in Prostor and Kurilsky Bays is based on two factors: the substantial predominance of age 3+ spawners in each year-class and the close correlation between the catch at age 2+ and the catch at age 3+ in the following year (r = 0.89; rs = 0.98). The significant relationship between the catch of pink salmon and that of chum salmon spawners at age 3+ from the year-classes of juveniles released in the same year (r = 0.71; rs = 0.75) can be considered an additional criterion.
{"title":"The Status of the Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Commercial Stock and Prediction of its Size off Iturup Island","authors":"A. N. Elnikov, O. V. Zelennikov","doi":"10.1134/s1063074023070052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074023070052","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The abundance dynamics and the size and age structure of the chum salmon stock formed in Prostor and Kurilsky Bays of Iturup Island, Kuril Islands have been analyzed. The number of chum juveniles released into the waters of the bays increased from 10.7 million fish in 1996 to 197.6 million fish in 2020. The catch of adults was closely related (<i>r</i> = 0.66) with the release of juveniles and also increased from 800 t in 1996 to 18 968 t in 2019. The year-to-year dynamics of the chum salmon catch was almost identical between these two bays. If a strong year-class formed, it was caught in both bays; with a low survival rate of a year-class, low catches were recorded everywhere. Spawners of younger age groups (aged 2+ and, predominantly, 3+ years) markedly dominated catches in 2014–2022. Of 22 939 spawners examined in those years, 14 221 fish, or 62.0%, were aged 3+ years. Prediction of chum salmon catch weight in Prostor and Kurilsky Bays is based on two factors: the substantial predominance of age 3+ spawners in each year-class and the close correlation between the catch at age 2+ and the catch at age 3+ in the following year (<i>r</i> = 0.89; <i>r</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.98). The significant relationship between the catch of pink salmon and that of chum salmon spawners at age 3+ from the year-classes of juveniles released in the same year (<i>r</i> = 0.71; <i>r</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.75) can be considered an additional criterion.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139578081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1134/s106307402307012x
L. A. Chernoivanova
Abstract
Based on long-term data on Pacific herring in the Peter the Great Bay, it has been established that the growth zone on scales begins in April and May, whereas the annuli form between October and January. The phenological season of active somatic growth starts in April and May for herring in this area, the largest body length gains are detected in late summer and early autumn, and active growth ends by November and December. Size diversity for young fish depends on starting conditions for growth in the first year of life and the timing of puberty. Size diversity increases in adult fish because of the accelerated growth for the fish dwelling in local favorable habitats with longer growth seasons or internal reserves of the body.
{"title":"Patterns of Linear Growth and Annulus Formation on Scales of Pacific Herring in the Peter the Great Bay","authors":"L. A. Chernoivanova","doi":"10.1134/s106307402307012x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106307402307012x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Based on long-term data on Pacific herring in the Peter the Great Bay, it has been established that the growth zone on scales begins in April and May, whereas the annuli form between October and January. The phenological season of active somatic growth starts in April and May for herring in this area, the largest body length gains are detected in late summer and early autumn, and active growth ends by November and December. Size diversity for young fish depends on starting conditions for growth in the first year of life and the timing of puberty. Size diversity increases in adult fish because of the accelerated growth for the fish dwelling in local favorable habitats with longer growth seasons or internal reserves of the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1134/s1063074023060093
V. V. Sukhanov, E. V. Lepskaya
Abstract
The species structure of the dominant community of unicellular algae inhabiting the spawning and feeding salmon lake was studied in the Kurile Lake (southern Kamchatka Peninsula). It has been shown that this structure is well described by the Motomura model. The geometric progression coefficient does not differ significantly from the value prescribed by the model, which is based on the stochastic remainder hypothesis. Several integral indicators characterizing the species structure have been calculated. The study has revealed some typical and unusual correlations between these integral indices. Inter-annual and intra-annual cyclical fluctuations in the value of indicators have been found.
{"title":"Dynamics of Phytoplankton Species Structure in the Kurile Lake (Kamchatka Peninsula)","authors":"V. V. Sukhanov, E. V. Lepskaya","doi":"10.1134/s1063074023060093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074023060093","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The species structure of the dominant community of unicellular algae inhabiting the spawning and feeding salmon lake was studied in the Kurile Lake (southern Kamchatka Peninsula). It has been shown that this structure is well described by the Motomura model. The geometric progression coefficient does not differ significantly from the value prescribed by the model, which is based on the stochastic remainder hypothesis. Several integral indicators characterizing the species structure have been calculated. The study has revealed some typical and unusual correlations between these integral indices. Inter-annual and intra-annual cyclical fluctuations in the value of indicators have been found.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1134/s1063074023060056
F. S. Lobyrev
Abstract
An experiment was set up to estimate the rate of zooplankton consumption by the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758) at different predatordensities. A differential equation describes the dynamics of zooplankton abundance depending on duration of predator feeding. The derived function accurately characterizes the rate of zooplankton consumption by stickleback in the experiment, demonstrating a good agreement between the theoretical prerequisites and the experimental results. The relationship between changing a number of victims during predation, its mortality and consumption rate was revealed. The hypothesis ofconsumption rate proportionalto the number of predators was tested. A comparative analysis of ingestion rate as a function of time and a function of prey density was performed.
{"title":"Dynamics of Zooplankton Consumption by the Three-Spined Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (LINNAEUS, 1758) at Different Densities of the Predator","authors":"F. S. Lobyrev","doi":"10.1134/s1063074023060056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063074023060056","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An experiment was set up to estimate the rate of zooplankton consumption by the three-spined stickleback <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) at different predatordensities. A differential equation describes the dynamics of zooplankton abundance depending on duration of predator feeding. The derived function accurately characterizes the rate of zooplankton consumption by stickleback in the experiment, demonstrating a good agreement between the theoretical prerequisites and the experimental results. The relationship between changing a number of victims during predation, its mortality and consumption rate was revealed. The hypothesis ofconsumption rate proportionalto the number of predators was tested. A comparative analysis of ingestion rate as a function of time and a function of prey density was performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1134/s106307402306010x
M. P. Venger, V. G. Dvoretsky, A. V. Vashchenko, T. G. Ishkulova, T. M. Maksimovskaya, V. V. Vodopyanova
Abstract
New data have been obtained on the distribution of prokaryotic plankton and pelagic viruses in the Fram Strait (the Greenland Sea) during the polar night (late November). Three main types of water masses were present in the study area: surface polar, Atlantic, and transformed Atlantic. The content of mineral biogenic elements increased with depth. The concentration of chlorophyll a had low values (0.07–0.13 mg/m3). The abundance and biomass of prokaryotes varied from 286 000 to 675 000 cells/mL and from 2.7 to 11.7 mg C/m3, respectively. The composition of prokaryotic plankton was dominated by single small cells (more than 97% of the abundance and more than 68% of the biomass). The average cell volume was 0.034–0.096 μm3. The number of viruses varied from 724 000 to 3 920 000 particles/mL, and the biomass varied from 0.040 to 0.216 μg C/m3. Against the background of local maxima in the abundance of prokaryotic plankton in the 0–25 m layer, the highest concentrations of viruses were noted in the surface layer. In the latitudinal distribution (from south to north), an increase in the number of viruses and prokaryotes was revealed. A close relationship between their abundance and biomass with hydrological parameters and phosphate content was established; the role of certain water masses in the vertical distribution of microbes was insignificant. The relatively high abundance of viruses and prokaryotes indicated their significant activity during the polar night.
{"title":"Prokaryotic Plankton and Viruses in the Waters of the Fram Strait in the Winter Period","authors":"M. P. Venger, V. G. Dvoretsky, A. V. Vashchenko, T. G. Ishkulova, T. M. Maksimovskaya, V. V. Vodopyanova","doi":"10.1134/s106307402306010x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106307402306010x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>New data have been obtained on the distribution of prokaryotic plankton and pelagic viruses in the Fram Strait (the Greenland Sea) during the polar night (late November). Three main types of water masses were present in the study area: surface polar, Atlantic, and transformed Atlantic. The content of mineral biogenic elements increased with depth. The concentration of chlorophyll <i>a</i> had low values (0.07–0.13 mg/m<sup>3</sup>). The abundance and biomass of prokaryotes varied from 286 000 to 675 000 cells/mL and from 2.7 to 11.7 mg C/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The composition of prokaryotic plankton was dominated by single small cells (more than 97% of the abundance and more than 68% of the biomass). The average cell volume was 0.034–0.096 μm<sup>3</sup>. The number of viruses varied from 724 000 to 3 920 000 particles/mL, and the biomass varied from 0.040 to 0.216 μg C/m<sup>3</sup>. Against the background of local maxima in the abundance of prokaryotic plankton in the 0–25 m layer, the highest concentrations of viruses were noted in the surface layer. In the latitudinal distribution (from south to north), an increase in the number of viruses and prokaryotes was revealed. A close relationship between their abundance and biomass with hydrological parameters and phosphate content was established; the role of certain water masses in the vertical distribution of microbes was insignificant. The relatively high abundance of viruses and prokaryotes indicated their significant activity during the polar night.</p>","PeriodicalId":49584,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Marine Biology","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139589849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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