The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously. These data tables of quantitative and/or qualitative variables measured on different homogeneous themes, collected from the same individuals. This approach, called topological analysis of multiple tables (TAMT), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in the context of a joint analysis of several data tables. It allows the simultaneous study of possible links between several thematic tables. The structure of the correlations or associations of the variables in each thematic table is analyzed according to quantitative, qualitative or mixed variables considered. Like the multiple factorial analysis (MFA), the TAMT allows several tables of variables to be analyzed simultaneously, and to obtain results, in particular graphical representations, which make it possible to study the relationship between individuals, variables and tables of data. These can also be tables of temporal data, collected at different times on the same individuals. The proposed TAMT approach is illustrated using real data associated with several and different homogeneous themes. Its results are compared to those from the MFA method.
{"title":"Topological analysis of multiple tables","authors":"Rafik Abdesselam","doi":"10.59400/jam.v2i1.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v2i1.424","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously. These data tables of quantitative and/or qualitative variables measured on different homogeneous themes, collected from the same individuals. This approach, called topological analysis of multiple tables (TAMT), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in the context of a joint analysis of several data tables. It allows the simultaneous study of possible links between several thematic tables. The structure of the correlations or associations of the variables in each thematic table is analyzed according to quantitative, qualitative or mixed variables considered. Like the multiple factorial analysis (MFA), the TAMT allows several tables of variables to be analyzed simultaneously, and to obtain results, in particular graphical representations, which make it possible to study the relationship between individuals, variables and tables of data. These can also be tables of temporal data, collected at different times on the same individuals. The proposed TAMT approach is illustrated using real data associated with several and different homogeneous themes. Its results are compared to those from the MFA method.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"68 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously. These data tables of quantitative and/or qualitative variables measured on different homogeneous themes, collected from the same individuals. This approach, called topological analysis of multiple tables (TAMT), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in the context of a joint analysis of several data tables. It allows the simultaneous study of possible links between several thematic tables. The structure of the correlations or associations of the variables in each thematic table is analyzed according to quantitative, qualitative or mixed variables considered. Like the multiple factorial analysis (MFA), the TAMT allows several tables of variables to be analyzed simultaneously, and to obtain results, in particular graphical representations, which make it possible to study the relationship between individuals, variables and tables of data. These can also be tables of temporal data, collected at different times on the same individuals. The proposed TAMT approach is illustrated using real data associated with several and different homogeneous themes. Its results are compared to those from the MFA method.
{"title":"Topological analysis of multiple tables","authors":"Rafik Abdesselam","doi":"10.59400/jam.v2i1.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v2i1.424","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously. These data tables of quantitative and/or qualitative variables measured on different homogeneous themes, collected from the same individuals. This approach, called topological analysis of multiple tables (TAMT), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in the context of a joint analysis of several data tables. It allows the simultaneous study of possible links between several thematic tables. The structure of the correlations or associations of the variables in each thematic table is analyzed according to quantitative, qualitative or mixed variables considered. Like the multiple factorial analysis (MFA), the TAMT allows several tables of variables to be analyzed simultaneously, and to obtain results, in particular graphical representations, which make it possible to study the relationship between individuals, variables and tables of data. These can also be tables of temporal data, collected at different times on the same individuals. The proposed TAMT approach is illustrated using real data associated with several and different homogeneous themes. Its results are compared to those from the MFA method.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"298 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139857394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rendering musical notes randomly does not create music. To generate music, there has to be a pattern which makes the musical notes dependent. It is therefore of interest to know whether the probability of the next note depends on the current note only or whether it depends on the note(s) prior to the current note. In other words, it is important to explore the orderof Markov chain in the musical piece. In the context of Hindustani classical music, does this order depend on the raga or the composition? The present work addresses this fascinating question and attempts to answer it through Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). It appears, interestingly, that the order of Markov chain is dependent on the raga which has a well defined melodic structure with fixed notes and a set of rules characterizing a particular mood that is conveyed by performance. As long as these rules are maintained, as in a raga bandish, the order of the Markov chain is invariant over the raga compositions.
{"title":"Hindustani classical music revisited statistically: Does the order of Markov chain in the note dependence depend on the raga or the composition?","authors":"Soubhik Chakraborty, Aiman Habib, Prerna Singh","doi":"10.59400/jam.v2i1.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v2i1.281","url":null,"abstract":"Rendering musical notes randomly does not create music. To generate music, there has to be a pattern which makes the musical notes dependent. It is therefore of interest to know whether the probability of the next note depends on the current note only or whether it depends on the note(s) prior to the current note. In other words, it is important to explore the orderof Markov chain in the musical piece. In the context of Hindustani classical music, does this order depend on the raga or the composition? The present work addresses this fascinating question and attempts to answer it through Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). It appears, interestingly, that the order of Markov chain is dependent on the raga which has a well defined melodic structure with fixed notes and a set of rules characterizing a particular mood that is conveyed by performance. As long as these rules are maintained, as in a raga bandish, the order of the Markov chain is invariant over the raga compositions.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"125 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Handwritten digit recognition systems are integral to diverse applications such as postal services, banking, and document processing in our digitally-driven society. This research addresses the challenges posed by evolving datasets and dynamic scenarios in handwritten digit recognition by proposing an approach based on incremental support vector machines (ISVM). ISVM is an extension of traditional support vector machines (SVM) designed to handle scenarios where new data points become available over time. The dataset includes handwritten images (numbers “0” to “6”) and trials introducing new classes (“7”, “8”, and “9”). Evaluation utilizes k-fold cross-validation for robustness. Digital image processing involves converting images into numeric data using the histogram method. The result showed the positive outcomes of using ISVM in handwritten digit recognition, emphasizing its adaptability to incremental learning and its ability to maintain robust performance in the face of evolving datasets, which is crucial for real-world applications.
{"title":"Enhancing handwritten numeric string recognition through incremental support vector machines","authors":"Rani Kurnia Putri, Muhammad Athoillah","doi":"10.59400/jam.v2i1.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v2i1.373","url":null,"abstract":"Handwritten digit recognition systems are integral to diverse applications such as postal services, banking, and document processing in our digitally-driven society. This research addresses the challenges posed by evolving datasets and dynamic scenarios in handwritten digit recognition by proposing an approach based on incremental support vector machines (ISVM). ISVM is an extension of traditional support vector machines (SVM) designed to handle scenarios where new data points become available over time. The dataset includes handwritten images (numbers “0” to “6”) and trials introducing new classes (“7”, “8”, and “9”). Evaluation utilizes k-fold cross-validation for robustness. Digital image processing involves converting images into numeric data using the histogram method. The result showed the positive outcomes of using ISVM in handwritten digit recognition, emphasizing its adaptability to incremental learning and its ability to maintain robust performance in the face of evolving datasets, which is crucial for real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current work looks at certain geometric requirements that must be satisfied for an invariant submanifold of an almost α- cosymplectic (k, µ, ν)-manifolds to be totally geodesic. Consequently, we obtain some interesting results invariant submanifolds of an almost cosymplectic (k, µ, ν)-manifolds. Additionally, we give an example on 5-dimensional case.
{"title":"Some important notes on an almost α-cosymplectic (k, µ, ν)-manifolds","authors":"Pakize Uygun","doi":"10.59400/jam.v1i4.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v1i4.202","url":null,"abstract":"The current work looks at certain geometric requirements that must be satisfied for an invariant submanifold of an almost α- cosymplectic (k, µ, ν)-manifolds to be totally geodesic. Consequently, we obtain some interesting results invariant submanifolds of an almost cosymplectic (k, µ, ν)-manifolds. Additionally, we give an example on 5-dimensional case.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"77 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a first of the series of three papers which provide a general proof to validate the Goldbach conjecture. This conjecture states that every even number can be expressed as a summation of two prime numbers. At the onset, concept of successive-addition of‐digits‐of‐an‐integer‐number (SADN) and its properties in terms of basic algebraic functions like addition, multiplication and subtraction are discussed. SADN classifies odd numbers into 3 sequences—the S1, S3 and S5 sequences—which comprise of odd numbers having SADN 7 or 4 or 1; SADN 3 or 9 or 6 and SADN 5 or 2 or 8 respectively. The S1 and S5 sequences are of interest in the analysis. Furthermore, composites on the S1 sequence are derived as products of intra-sequence elements of the S1 and S5 sequences while composites on the S5 sequence are derived as products of inter-sequence elements of the S1 and S5 sequences. SADN also shows why such combinations for even numbers of SADN (1, 4, 7) will be found on the S5 sequence while those for even numbers of SADN (2, 5, 8) will lie on the S1 sequence and both the sequences have a role to play in identifying the prime number combinations for even numbers with SADN (3, 6, 9). Thereafter, analysis moves to calculating the total number of combinations for a given even number that would include combinations in the nature of two composites (c1 + c2); prime & composite (p + c) and two primes (p1 + p2). Identifying the total number of c1 + c2 and p + c combinations yield the number of p1 + p2 combinations. The logic employed in present discussion shows that at least one such p1 + p2 combination exists for the even numbers having SADN digit within 1 to 9. This encompasses all even numbers and hence generalizes this method for all even numbers.
{"title":"A logical approach to validate the Goldbach conjecture: Paper 1/3","authors":"M. Khare, K. Chitta","doi":"10.59400/jam.v1i4.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v1i4.192","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a first of the series of three papers which provide a general proof to validate the Goldbach conjecture. This conjecture states that every even number can be expressed as a summation of two prime numbers. At the onset, concept of successive-addition of‐digits‐of‐an‐integer‐number (SADN) and its properties in terms of basic algebraic functions like addition, multiplication and subtraction are discussed. SADN classifies odd numbers into 3 sequences—the S1, S3 and S5 sequences—which comprise of odd numbers having SADN 7 or 4 or 1; SADN 3 or 9 or 6 and SADN 5 or 2 or 8 respectively. The S1 and S5 sequences are of interest in the analysis. Furthermore, composites on the S1 sequence are derived as products of intra-sequence elements of the S1 and S5 sequences while composites on the S5 sequence are derived as products of inter-sequence elements of the S1 and S5 sequences. SADN also shows why such combinations for even numbers of SADN (1, 4, 7) will be found on the S5 sequence while those for even numbers of SADN (2, 5, 8) will lie on the S1 sequence and both the sequences have a role to play in identifying the prime number combinations for even numbers with SADN (3, 6, 9). Thereafter, analysis moves to calculating the total number of combinations for a given even number that would include combinations in the nature of two composites (c1 + c2); prime & composite (p + c) and two primes (p1 + p2). Identifying the total number of c1 + c2 and p + c combinations yield the number of p1 + p2 combinations. The logic employed in present discussion shows that at least one such p1 + p2 combination exists for the even numbers having SADN digit within 1 to 9. This encompasses all even numbers and hence generalizes this method for all even numbers.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Launch of a new journal on applied mathematics: Editorial review on Vol. 1 No. 1","authors":"Ahmed Zeeshan","doi":"10.59400/jam.v1i1.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v1i1.291","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chandrani Mukherjee, Krishna Pada Das, Goutam Panigrahi
Several models have been proposed as an extension to the classical Holling’s disc equation to evaluate the predator and prey interactions and their applied aspects in biological control and population regulation of the target organisms. In a one-prey and two-predator dynamic system with mutual interference m as a quadratic parameter of predator density, an evaluation was made of the resultant impact on the prey. A simulation was carried out to see the finite-time extinction of prey and the stability of the system at origin, i.e., when all three species are extinct. We assumed the data obtained was for the interactions between the mosquito and the water bug predators that are common in the freshwater wetlands and involved in population regulation. Despite the benefits to the prey population due to interference and competition, the expected extinction of prey in a finite time is still observed. With varying magnitudes of m, the declining growth curve of the prey population shifted. The equation proposed was also compared with the Crowley-Martin functional response, and considerable differences were observed in selected instances when compared to the growth rate of the predators in a species-specific manner. The stability of the system was deduced from the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix at the origin to prove the extinction is stable. Our assessment supports the possible cooccurrence of predators and mosquito prey in the wetlands, with mutual interference being one of the major factors.
{"title":"Dynamics of insect predator and mosquito prey system with mutual interference as a factor for the co-occurrence: Validating through models","authors":"Chandrani Mukherjee, Krishna Pada Das, Goutam Panigrahi","doi":"10.59400/jam.v1i3.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v1i3.246","url":null,"abstract":"Several models have been proposed as an extension to the classical Holling’s disc equation to evaluate the predator and prey interactions and their applied aspects in biological control and population regulation of the target organisms. In a one-prey and two-predator dynamic system with mutual interference m as a quadratic parameter of predator density, an evaluation was made of the resultant impact on the prey. A simulation was carried out to see the finite-time extinction of prey and the stability of the system at origin, i.e., when all three species are extinct. We assumed the data obtained was for the interactions between the mosquito and the water bug predators that are common in the freshwater wetlands and involved in population regulation. Despite the benefits to the prey population due to interference and competition, the expected extinction of prey in a finite time is still observed. With varying magnitudes of m, the declining growth curve of the prey population shifted. The equation proposed was also compared with the Crowley-Martin functional response, and considerable differences were observed in selected instances when compared to the growth rate of the predators in a species-specific manner. The stability of the system was deduced from the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix at the origin to prove the extinction is stable. Our assessment supports the possible cooccurrence of predators and mosquito prey in the wetlands, with mutual interference being one of the major factors.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"30 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper investigates the use of machine learning techniques in financial markets. The paper provides a comprehensive literature review of recent research on machine learning applications in finance, including stock price prediction, financial time series forecasting, and portfolio optimization. Various machine learning techniques, such as regression analysis, decision trees, support vector machines, and deep learning, are discussed in detail, with a focus on their strengths, weaknesses, and potential applications. The paper also highlights the challenges associated with machine learning in finance, such as data quality, model interpretability, and ethical considerations. Overall, the paper demonstrates that machine learning has significant potential in finance but calls for further research to address these challenges and fully explore its potential in financial markets.
{"title":"Machine learning-based approaches for financial market prediction: A comprehensive review","authors":"Bhaskar Nandi, Subrata Jana, Krishna Pada Das","doi":"10.59400/jam.v1i2.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v1i2.134","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper investigates the use of machine learning techniques in financial markets. The paper provides a comprehensive literature review of recent research on machine learning applications in finance, including stock price prediction, financial time series forecasting, and portfolio optimization. Various machine learning techniques, such as regression analysis, decision trees, support vector machines, and deep learning, are discussed in detail, with a focus on their strengths, weaknesses, and potential applications. The paper also highlights the challenges associated with machine learning in finance, such as data quality, model interpretability, and ethical considerations. Overall, the paper demonstrates that machine learning has significant potential in finance but calls for further research to address these challenges and fully explore its potential in financial markets.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"48 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic tips systems have become very popular in the era of cashless payments. With the widespread use of such services, the problem of maximizing profits has arisen, which concerns both establishments using electronic tips services and the services themselves that provide such services. Identifying factors that influence guests’ economic behavior when leaving tips will allow for the creation of an optimal strategy to increase the efficiency of the system. This study used data on the profits of the electronic tips service in public catering establishments. A simulation model was created to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different strategies, a methodology for finding the optimal strategy was described, and a clustering of establishments was performed using analysis of variance to customize the optimal strategy.
{"title":"Strategies for optimizing electronic tips service profit","authors":"Ekaterina Dmitrievna Lapina, Viacheslav Igorevich Gorikhovskii","doi":"10.59400/jam.v1i2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59400/jam.v1i2.105","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic tips systems have become very popular in the era of cashless payments. With the widespread use of such services, the problem of maximizing profits has arisen, which concerns both establishments using electronic tips services and the services themselves that provide such services. Identifying factors that influence guests’ economic behavior when leaving tips will allow for the creation of an optimal strategy to increase the efficiency of the system. This study used data on the profits of the electronic tips service in public catering establishments. A simulation model was created to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different strategies, a methodology for finding the optimal strategy was described, and a clustering of establishments was performed using analysis of variance to customize the optimal strategy.","PeriodicalId":495855,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AppliedMath","volume":"20 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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