Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a5
A. Sainz-Ramírez, J. Estrada-Flores, J. Velarde-Guillén, F. López-González, C. Arriaga-Jordán
25 Background: Goat production worldwide has grown as a way to improve the quality of rural 26 life and reduce the environmental footprint, but there is a need to increase productivity 27 through improved feeding strategies. The growing demand of consumers for healthier 28 products but with organoleptic characteristics similar to traditional ones has made it 29 necessary to develop strategies to satisfy this need, so it is necessary to evaluate the effect of 30 new forages in diets on their acceptance by consumers. Goat milk chemical and organoleptic 31 composition vary according to diet, which in turn affects the characteristics of goat milk 32 cheese. Among the most important sensory attributes for consumers, there are texture, taste 33 and smell. Objective: To evaluate the effect of substituting corn straw with sunflower hay 34 associated with chickpea in the feeding of dairy goats in terms of yield, chemical composition 35 and sensory acceptability of cheese, as well as economic performance. Methods: Twenty- 36 eight Saanen dairy goats were randomly assigned to two treatments in a 30-day experiment 37 on a small-scale farm. The daily ration per goat in the MZST treatment (control treatment) 38 consisted of alfalfa hay (200 g/goat/day) and concentrate (400 g/goat/day) plus 600 39 g/goat/day (50% of the ration) of corn straw and the SFCP treatment (treatment substituted 40 the sunflower-chickpea ground hay) had the same alfalfa and concentrate content, but with 41 600 g/goat/day of sunflower-chickpea hay. The yield, composition and sensory evaluation of 42 fresh cheeses made with milk from each treatment were recorded, and the feeding costs and 43 returns evaluated. Variables for the chemical composition of cheeses were analyzed 44 following a completely randomized design. Results: There were significant differences in 45 cheese yield and for all the chemical composition variables. Sensory evaluation showed that 46 SFCP cheese had significantly higher scores for texture and odor but significantly lower for 47 taste and overall acceptability compared to MZST. In economic terms, SFCP increased feed 48 costs by 5% but resulted in higher margins over feed costs of 12 and 24% for milk and cheese, 49 respectively, compared to MZST. Conclusion: In spite of favorable performance and 50 economic returns by the MZST treatment alimentación en un 5%, pero resultó en márgenes más altos sobre los costos de alimentación 83 de 12 y 24% para la leche y el queso, respectivamente, en comparación con MZST. 84 Conclusión: A pesar del desempeño favorable y los beneficios económicos del tratamiento 85 MZST (tratamiento control), los cambios en las características organolépticas del queso 86 redujeron su aceptación general. 87 alimentação e retornos avaliados. As variáveis de composição química dos queijos foram 113 analisadas seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Resultados: Houve 114 diferenças significativas no rendimento do queijo e para todas as vari
背景:作为提高农村生活质量和减少环境足迹的一种方式，世界范围内山羊生产的增长，但有必要通过改进饲养策略来提高生产力。消费者对更健康、但又具有与传统食品相似的感官特征的产品的需求日益增长，因此有必要制定策略来满足这一需求，因此有必要评估30种新饲料对消费者接受度的影响。羊奶的化学成分和感官成分因日粮而异，这反过来又影响羊奶奶酪的特性。在消费者最重要的感官属性中，有质地、味道和气味。目的:从产量、化学成分、奶酪感官接受度和经济效益等方面评价葵花干草与鹰嘴豆配种替代玉米秸秆在奶山羊饲粮中的效果。方法:在一个小规模养殖场，选取28只沙嫩奶山羊，随机分为2个处理，为期30 d。MZST处理(对照处理)38为苜蓿干草(200 g/只山羊/天)和精料(400 g/只山羊/天)加玉米秸秆600 39 g/只山羊/天(占日粮的50%)，SFCP处理(替代向日葵鹰嘴豆碎干草)的苜蓿和精料含量相同，但向日葵鹰嘴豆干草41 600 g/只山羊/天。记录了用不同处理的牛奶制作的42种新鲜奶酪的产量、成分和感官评价，并对43种奶酪的饲养成本和回报进行了评估。奶酪化学成分的变量按照完全随机设计进行分析。结果:45种干酪的产率及各化学成分变量均存在显著差异。感官评价表明，与MZST相比，46 SFCP奶酪在质地和气味方面得分显著高于MZST，但在口感和总体可接受性方面得分显著低于MZST。从经济角度来看，与MZST相比，SFCP使饲料成本增加了5%，但牛奶和奶酪的利润率分别高出饲料成本12%和24%。结论:尽管MZST治疗效果良好，经济效益为50% (alimentación占5%)，但resultó和márgenes más的治疗成本分别低于alimentación和márgenes más的治疗成本(83和12)，分别为24%(25%)。84 Conclusión: A pesar del desempeño有利于los beneficios económicos del tratamiento 85 MZST (tratamiento control)， los cambios en las características organolsamicticas del queso 86 redujeron su aceptación general。[87] alimenta - ;作为variáveis de composi o química dos queijos foram 113分析的seguinadas描述的interinterintercasualizado。结果:有114种不同的存在显著性差异，如variáveis de composposi115 química。纹理显著性:一般比较与MZST的比较。术语econômicos，海关食品占5%，结果，海关食品占12%，海关食品占24%，海关食品占24%，海关食品占24%。结论: Apesar do desempenho favorável e do contrno econômico com o contramento MZST(治疗控制)，mudanas características organoldo queijo reduziram sua o一般。
{"title":"Dairy goats fed sunflower hay intercropped with chickpea in small-scale systems. Part II: Cheese yield and composition, sensory analysis and economic performance","authors":"A. Sainz-Ramírez, J. Estrada-Flores, J. Velarde-Guillén, F. López-González, C. Arriaga-Jordán","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a5","url":null,"abstract":"25 Background: Goat production worldwide has grown as a way to improve the quality of rural 26 life and reduce the environmental footprint, but there is a need to increase productivity 27 through improved feeding strategies. The growing demand of consumers for healthier 28 products but with organoleptic characteristics similar to traditional ones has made it 29 necessary to develop strategies to satisfy this need, so it is necessary to evaluate the effect of 30 new forages in diets on their acceptance by consumers. Goat milk chemical and organoleptic 31 composition vary according to diet, which in turn affects the characteristics of goat milk 32 cheese. Among the most important sensory attributes for consumers, there are texture, taste 33 and smell. Objective: To evaluate the effect of substituting corn straw with sunflower hay 34 associated with chickpea in the feeding of dairy goats in terms of yield, chemical composition 35 and sensory acceptability of cheese, as well as economic performance. Methods: Twenty- 36 eight Saanen dairy goats were randomly assigned to two treatments in a 30-day experiment 37 on a small-scale farm. The daily ration per goat in the MZST treatment (control treatment) 38 consisted of alfalfa hay (200 g/goat/day) and concentrate (400 g/goat/day) plus 600 39 g/goat/day (50% of the ration) of corn straw and the SFCP treatment (treatment substituted 40 the sunflower-chickpea ground hay) had the same alfalfa and concentrate content, but with 41 600 g/goat/day of sunflower-chickpea hay. The yield, composition and sensory evaluation of 42 fresh cheeses made with milk from each treatment were recorded, and the feeding costs and 43 returns evaluated. Variables for the chemical composition of cheeses were analyzed 44 following a completely randomized design. Results: There were significant differences in 45 cheese yield and for all the chemical composition variables. Sensory evaluation showed that 46 SFCP cheese had significantly higher scores for texture and odor but significantly lower for 47 taste and overall acceptability compared to MZST. In economic terms, SFCP increased feed 48 costs by 5% but resulted in higher margins over feed costs of 12 and 24% for milk and cheese, 49 respectively, compared to MZST. Conclusion: In spite of favorable performance and 50 economic returns by the MZST treatment alimentación en un 5%, pero resultó en márgenes más altos sobre los costos de alimentación 83 de 12 y 24% para la leche y el queso, respectivamente, en comparación con MZST. 84 Conclusión: A pesar del desempeño favorable y los beneficios económicos del tratamiento 85 MZST (tratamiento control), los cambios en las características organolépticas del queso 86 redujeron su aceptación general. 87 alimentação e retornos avaliados. As variáveis de composição química dos queijos foram 113 analisadas seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Resultados: Houve 114 diferenças significativas no rendimento do queijo e para todas as vari","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44110114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a1
Magda Y Serrano-Gamboa, J. Arce-Menocal, E. Ávila-González, C. López-Coello, L. Garibay-Torres, J. Herrera-Camacho
Background: Recommendations for the application of organic acids blend and ammonium salts 29 in drinking water are needed to optimize productivity in broiler chickens. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the acidification of drinking water on the productive performance, blood and intestinal 31 pH, and intestinal morphology. Methods: 1,400 broiler chicks between the ages of 1- and 42-days- 32 old were used to evaluate two pH levels (4 and 6) in drinking water between three periods (1-21, 33 1-28 and 1-42 days of age) of treatments in water with a blend of formic acid 31%, propionic acid 34 19%, and their salts ammonium formate 26%, and ammonium propionate 6% compared to control 35 (pH 8). Results: Groups that consume water pH 6 (0.038 moles) continuously for 42 days improved 36 vs the control (p≤0.01) live weight (2.785 vs 2.691 kg) and feed conversion ratio (1.430 vs 1.463 37 kg/kg), as well as increased numbers of intestinal villi (59.0 vs 55.7), blood and intestinal pH 38 reduced vs control (7.75 vs 7.89; 6.32 vs 6.41). Conclusion: The blend of formic and propionic 39 acids and their ammonium salts in drinking water at pH 6 during the complete production cycle 40 improved production parameters in 42-day-old broilers and it increased the number of intestinal 41 villi and a reduction in blood, duodenum and ileum pH.
背景：需要推荐在饮用水中应用有机酸混合物和铵盐29，以优化肉鸡的生产力。目的：评价饮用水酸化对生产性能、血液和肠道31 pH值以及肠道形态的影响。方法：采用1400只1日龄至42日龄至32日龄的肉鸡，与对照组35（pH 8）相比，在用甲酸31%、丙酸3419%及其盐甲酸铵26%和丙酸铵6%的混合物处理的三个时期（1-21、33-28和1-42日龄），评估饮用水中的两个pH水平（4和6）。结果：连续42天消耗pH 6（0.038摩尔）水的组比对照组（p≤0.01）活重（2.785 vs 2.691 kg）和饲料转化率（1.430 vs 1.463 37 kg/kg）提高了36，与对照组相比，血液和肠道pH 38降低（7.75 vs 7.89；6.32 vs 6.41）。结论：在整个生产周期40中，饮用水中pH为6的甲酸和丙酸及其铵盐混合物改善了42日龄肉鸡的生产参数，增加了肠道41绒毛的数量，降低了血液、十二指肠和回肠的pH。
{"title":"Organic acids for broilers: Effects on intestinal morphology and growth performance","authors":"Magda Y Serrano-Gamboa, J. Arce-Menocal, E. Ávila-González, C. López-Coello, L. Garibay-Torres, J. Herrera-Camacho","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recommendations for the application of organic acids blend and ammonium salts 29 in drinking water are needed to optimize productivity in broiler chickens. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the acidification of drinking water on the productive performance, blood and intestinal 31 pH, and intestinal morphology. Methods: 1,400 broiler chicks between the ages of 1- and 42-days- 32 old were used to evaluate two pH levels (4 and 6) in drinking water between three periods (1-21, 33 1-28 and 1-42 days of age) of treatments in water with a blend of formic acid 31%, propionic acid 34 19%, and their salts ammonium formate 26%, and ammonium propionate 6% compared to control 35 (pH 8). Results: Groups that consume water pH 6 (0.038 moles) continuously for 42 days improved 36 vs the control (p≤0.01) live weight (2.785 vs 2.691 kg) and feed conversion ratio (1.430 vs 1.463 37 kg/kg), as well as increased numbers of intestinal villi (59.0 vs 55.7), blood and intestinal pH 38 reduced vs control (7.75 vs 7.89; 6.32 vs 6.41). Conclusion: The blend of formic and propionic 39 acids and their ammonium salts in drinking water at pH 6 during the complete production cycle 40 improved production parameters in 42-day-old broilers and it increased the number of intestinal 41 villi and a reduction in blood, duodenum and ileum pH.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a4
J. Canul-Solís, R. Portillo-Salgado, R. García-Herrera, E. Castillo-Gallegos, L. Castillo-Sanchez, E. Camacho-Pérez, A. Chaves-Gurgel, Carolina Marques-Costa, Patrick Bezerra-Fernandes, A. Chay-Canul
38 Background: In traditional sheep production systems, the assessment of animal growth 39 based on live weight (LW) is limited by the high cost of livestock scales as well as the 40 sophisticated maintenance required. Objective: To develop and evaluate equations to 41 predict LW using heart girth (HG) in growing Pelibuey sheep. Methods: A dataset 42 (n=415) of clinically healthy male Pelibuey sheep from two months to one year of age, 43 with an average LW of 25.96 ± 10.25 kg and HG of 68.31 ± 10.53 cm, were used. Three 44 equations were evaluated: LW (kg) = −37.70 + 0.93 × HG (Eq. 1); LW (kg) = −1.74 + 45 0.19 × HG + 0.008 × HG 2 (Eq. 2); and LW (kg) = 0.003 × HG 2.68 (Eq. 3). Results: The 46 correlation coefficient between LW and HG was r = 0.94 (p<0.001). The three equations 47 showed a high concordance correlation coefficient (CCCs≥0.97). However, the random 48 error was the main component of the mean square partition of the prediction error 49 (≥82.78%) only for Eqs. 1 and 2. The test for parameter identity (intercept=0; slope=1) 50 was accepted only for Eq. 2 (p>0.05). On the other hand, for Eqs. 1 and 3, the intercept 51 was different from zero and the slope was different from one (p<0.05). Conclusions: The 52 second-degree equations accurately and precisely estimated the body weight of growing 53 Pelibuey sheep using the HG as a sole predictor variable.
{"title":"Comparison of mathematical models to estimate live weight through heart girth in growing Pelibuey sheep","authors":"J. Canul-Solís, R. Portillo-Salgado, R. García-Herrera, E. Castillo-Gallegos, L. Castillo-Sanchez, E. Camacho-Pérez, A. Chaves-Gurgel, Carolina Marques-Costa, Patrick Bezerra-Fernandes, A. Chay-Canul","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a4","url":null,"abstract":"38 Background: In traditional sheep production systems, the assessment of animal growth 39 based on live weight (LW) is limited by the high cost of livestock scales as well as the 40 sophisticated maintenance required. Objective: To develop and evaluate equations to 41 predict LW using heart girth (HG) in growing Pelibuey sheep. Methods: A dataset 42 (n=415) of clinically healthy male Pelibuey sheep from two months to one year of age, 43 with an average LW of 25.96 ± 10.25 kg and HG of 68.31 ± 10.53 cm, were used. Three 44 equations were evaluated: LW (kg) = −37.70 + 0.93 × HG (Eq. 1); LW (kg) = −1.74 + 45 0.19 × HG + 0.008 × HG 2 (Eq. 2); and LW (kg) = 0.003 × HG 2.68 (Eq. 3). Results: The 46 correlation coefficient between LW and HG was r = 0.94 (p<0.001). The three equations 47 showed a high concordance correlation coefficient (CCCs≥0.97). However, the random 48 error was the main component of the mean square partition of the prediction error 49 (≥82.78%) only for Eqs. 1 and 2. The test for parameter identity (intercept=0; slope=1) 50 was accepted only for Eq. 2 (p>0.05). On the other hand, for Eqs. 1 and 3, the intercept 51 was different from zero and the slope was different from one (p<0.05). Conclusions: The 52 second-degree equations accurately and precisely estimated the body weight of growing 53 Pelibuey sheep using the HG as a sole predictor variable.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46833330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a3
Background: Goat milk production has been increasing in northern Mexico; however, there is little information available about its quality. Objective: To compare goat milk quality during three seasons among creole goats in a traditional grazing system and stabled Saanen and French-Alpine goats. Methods: An experiment was performed in a completely randomized nested design with seasonality factor (fixed effects) with three levels (rain, transition, and drought) and breed factor (fixed effect with three levels (Creole, Saanen and French-Alpine)) nested within the season-of-the-year factor. Fifteen goats were randomly selected: five Creole in the extensive grazing system, five stabled Saanen, and five stabled French-Alpine. The factors assessed in milk were fat content, non-fat solids, protein, lactose, salts, density, freezing point, conductivity, and pH (using a Lactoscan® device). Results: With respect to season for all the breeds: fat, non-fat solids, protein, lactose, and salt contents were higher (p≤0.05) for goats sampled in the rainy season, followed by drought and transition seasons, respectively. The variables related to milk quality by breed and season showed that milk fat content of creole goats was greater (p≤0.05) in the drought season; salt and non-fat content (p≤0.05) in the three seasons of the year; density and protein increased (p≤0.05) in the transition and rainy seasons, while lactose was greater (p≤0.05) in drought and rainy seasons; protein was greater (p≤0.05) in transition and rainy seasons; and the freezing point was lower (p≤0.05) in the transition season. Regarding conductivity, French-Alpine milk was greater (p≤0.05) in the drought season. Conclusion: Season of the year significantly affects milk quality, with increased quality during the rainy season in creole grazing goats.
{"title":"Seasonal quality of milk from Creole grazing goats, stabled Saanen and French-Alpine goats","authors":"","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Goat milk production has been increasing in northern Mexico; however, there is little information available about its quality. Objective: To compare goat milk quality during three seasons among creole goats in a traditional grazing system and stabled Saanen and French-Alpine goats. Methods: An experiment was performed in a completely randomized nested design with seasonality factor (fixed effects) with three levels (rain, transition, and drought) and breed factor (fixed effect with three levels (Creole, Saanen and French-Alpine)) nested within the season-of-the-year factor. Fifteen goats were randomly selected: five Creole in the extensive grazing system, five stabled Saanen, and five stabled French-Alpine. The factors assessed in milk were fat content, non-fat solids, protein, lactose, salts, density, freezing point, conductivity, and pH (using a Lactoscan® device). Results: With respect to season for all the breeds: fat, non-fat solids, protein, lactose, and salt contents were higher (p≤0.05) for goats sampled in the rainy season, followed by drought and transition seasons, respectively. The variables related to milk quality by breed and season showed that milk fat content of creole goats was greater (p≤0.05) in the drought season; salt and non-fat content (p≤0.05) in the three seasons of the year; density and protein increased (p≤0.05) in the transition and rainy seasons, while lactose was greater (p≤0.05) in drought and rainy seasons; protein was greater (p≤0.05) in transition and rainy seasons; and the freezing point was lower (p≤0.05) in the transition season. Regarding conductivity, French-Alpine milk was greater (p≤0.05) in the drought season. Conclusion: Season of the year significantly affects milk quality, with increased quality during the rainy season in creole grazing goats.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45568786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-03DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a3
Antecedentes: Si bien es posible preservar la parte aérea de la yuca en forma de ensilaje, como se demostró en estudios anteriores, el bajo contenido de materia seca puede resultar en fermentaciones indeseables y mayores pérdidas de efluentes durante el ensilaje, levando a una reducción en la calidad final del ensilaje. Una de las formas de solucionar este problema sería el ensilaje mixto de la parte aérea de la yuca con subproductos deshidratados de la agroindustria. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la adición de bagazo de uva deshidratado (BUD) a la parte aérea del ensilaje de yuca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) sobre la composición química, degradabilidad y producción de gas in vitro del ensilado. Métodos: El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar y los tratamientos consistieron en: (I) ensilado de brotes de yuca sin aditivos; (II) ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca con 10% de BUD en materia natural, como aditivo. Luego de 30 días de fermentación, los ensilajes fueron evaluados para materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), extracto de éter (EE), fibra detergente neutra (FDN), nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT), pH, degradabilidad in vitro y producción acumulada de gas mediante la técnica de producción de gas in vitro semiautomática. Resultados: La adición de BUD no cambió los contenidos de PB, EE, FDN y NDT del ensilaje. Sin embargo, BUD promovió un aumento en el contenido de MS (32,61 vs 30,31%) y una reducción en el pH (4,00 vs 4,75) del ensilaje. El ensilado que recibió la BUD mostró mayores coeficientes de degradabilidad de las fracciones solubles y potencialmente degradables, lo que resultó en mayores valores de degradabilidad potencial y efectiva. De manera similar, BUD promovió una reducción en el tiempo de colonización de partículas (6,74 vs 10,01 h) y un aumento en la producción acumulada de gas (62,03 vs 57,82 mL/g MS). Conclusiones: La adición de 10% de bagazo de uva deshidratado al ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca puede ser útil para reducir el pH y aumentar el contenido de materia seca del ensilaje.
背景:尽管它有可能维持空中部分木薯青贮饲料的形式显示,以往的研究,可能干物质含量低的fermentaciones废水和损失最大的青贮饲料,手法期间降低质量青贮饲料的尽头。解决这一问题的一种方法是将木薯地上部分与农用工业的脱水副产品混合青贮。摘要目的:评价在木薯青贮地上部添加干葡萄甘蔗渣(BUD)对青贮化学成分、降解性和体外产气的影响。方法:采用完全随机设计，处理包括:(1)不添加添加剂的青贮木薯;(2)添加添加剂的青贮木薯;(3)添加添加剂的青贮木薯;(4)添加添加剂的青贮木薯;(5)添加添加剂的青贮木薯;(6)添加添加剂的青贮木薯。(II)以10%天然物质芽为添加剂的木薯茎青贮。经过30天的发酵,ensilajes被评估为原料(dm)、蛋白干物质(PC)、溴二苯醚提取物(EE)、纤维中性洗涤剂(国防军),总养分digestibles(,)、pH、体外降解和生产技术累积气体通过体外天然气生产半自动。结果:添加BUD对青贮饲料中cp、EE、ndf和tdn含量无显著影响。然而，BUD促进了青贮dm含量的增加(32.61 vs 30.31%)和pH值的降低(4.00 vs 4.75)。青贮饲料的可溶组分和潜在可降解组分的降解系数较高，导致潜在和有效降解值较高。同样，BUD促进了颗粒定植时间的减少(6.74 vs 10.01 h)和累积气体产量的增加(62.03 vs 57.82 mL/g MS)。结论:在木薯茎青贮中添加10%干葡萄甘蔗渣可降低青贮的pH值，提高青贮的干物质含量。
{"title":"La adición de orujo mejora el ensilaje de las partes aéreas de la planta de yuca","authors":"","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a3","url":null,"abstract":"Antecedentes: Si bien es posible preservar la parte aérea de la yuca en forma de ensilaje, como se demostró en estudios anteriores, el bajo contenido de materia seca puede resultar en fermentaciones indeseables y mayores pérdidas de efluentes durante el ensilaje, levando a una reducción en la calidad final del ensilaje. Una de las formas de solucionar este problema sería el ensilaje mixto de la parte aérea de la yuca con subproductos deshidratados de la agroindustria. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la adición de bagazo de uva deshidratado (BUD) a la parte aérea del ensilaje de yuca (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) sobre la composición química, degradabilidad y producción de gas in vitro del ensilado. Métodos: El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar y los tratamientos consistieron en: (I) ensilado de brotes de yuca sin aditivos; (II) ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca con 10% de BUD en materia natural, como aditivo. Luego de 30 días de fermentación, los ensilajes fueron evaluados para materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), extracto de éter (EE), fibra detergente neutra (FDN), nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT), pH, degradabilidad in vitro y producción acumulada de gas mediante la técnica de producción de gas in vitro semiautomática. Resultados: La adición de BUD no cambió los contenidos de PB, EE, FDN y NDT del ensilaje. Sin embargo, BUD promovió un aumento en el contenido de MS (32,61 vs 30,31%) y una reducción en el pH (4,00 vs 4,75) del ensilaje. El ensilado que recibió la BUD mostró mayores coeficientes de degradabilidad de las fracciones solubles y potencialmente degradables, lo que resultó en mayores valores de degradabilidad potencial y efectiva. De manera similar, BUD promovió una reducción en el tiempo de colonización de partículas (6,74 vs 10,01 h) y un aumento en la producción acumulada de gas (62,03 vs 57,82 mL/g MS). Conclusiones: La adición de 10% de bagazo de uva deshidratado al ensilaje de la parte aérea de yuca puede ser útil para reducir el pH y aumentar el contenido de materia seca del ensilaje.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48289993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a2
M. M. Saldanha, L. F. P. Pereira, A. R. C. Abreu, F. L. S. Castro, W. Clímaco, I. Araújo, L. J. Lara
quality of fed diets containing different levels of phosphorus and supplemented with phytase. Abstract Background: Phytase is an enzyme widely used in the nutrition of broilers. However, there are several commercial options and their effects with low levels of dietary phosphorus are poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of commercially available phytase feed
{"title":"Performance and bone quality of broilers fed diets containing different levels of phosphorus and supplemented with phytase","authors":"M. M. Saldanha, L. F. P. Pereira, A. R. C. Abreu, F. L. S. Castro, W. Clímaco, I. Araújo, L. J. Lara","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n2a2","url":null,"abstract":"quality of fed diets containing different levels of phosphorus and supplemented with phytase. Abstract Background: Phytase is an enzyme widely used in the nutrition of broilers. However, there are several commercial options and their effects with low levels of dietary phosphorus are poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of commercially available phytase feed","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a2
D. Villar, D. Schaeffer
Ivermectin (IVM) has been the most widely used antiparasitic agent in veterinary medicine since it came to the market in 1981. In its risk assessment, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that, although it is very toxic to aquatic organisms, it is unlikely to contaminate watercourses from current applications registered for animal use. However, the effects of IVM on non-target invertebrate fauna can greatly impact grassland ecology. The economic loss from undegraded dung on lowering the quality of pastures and reducing the area of pasture available and palatable to livestock was $380 million for the American economy in 2003. We discuss selected aspects of IVM effects on non-target species, dung beetles in pastures. We do not consider confined or feedlot production. Ivermectin affects a highly beneficial and taxonomically diverse group inhabiting dung pats, including flies, parasitic wasps, and coprophilus and predatory dung beetles. Some studies show that dung from IVM-treated animals can remain in the pasture without noticeable signs of degradation for up to 340 days, while pats from untreated animals are almost completely degraded after 80 days. Field and laboratory studies have shown many invertebrates species are susceptible to IVM at concentrations well below those excreted in the feces of treated cattle IVM affects reproduction and development of coleopteran larvae at concentrations up to 10 times lower than cause mortality. In Colombia, at least 68 species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae have been identified in dung communities. Greater diversity of dung beetles is associated with forests and silvopastoral systems that incorporate native trees and provide habitats for survival. IVM should be used selectively on animals on pasture to minimize parasite resistance and effects on dung beetle communities and other nontarget invertebrate communities.
{"title":"Ivermectin use on pastured livestock in Colombia: parasite resistance and impacts on the dung community","authors":"D. Villar, D. Schaeffer","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n1a2","url":null,"abstract":"Ivermectin (IVM) has been the most widely used antiparasitic agent in veterinary medicine since it came to the market in 1981. In its risk assessment, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determined that, although it is very toxic to aquatic organisms, it is unlikely to contaminate watercourses from current applications registered for animal use. However, the effects of IVM on non-target invertebrate fauna can greatly impact grassland ecology. The economic loss from undegraded dung on lowering the quality of pastures and reducing the area of pasture available and palatable to livestock was $380 million for the American economy in 2003. We discuss selected aspects of IVM effects on non-target species, dung beetles in pastures. We do not consider confined or feedlot production. Ivermectin affects a highly beneficial and taxonomically diverse group inhabiting dung pats, including flies, parasitic wasps, and coprophilus and predatory dung beetles. Some studies show that dung from IVM-treated animals can remain in the pasture without noticeable signs of degradation for up to 340 days, while pats from untreated animals are almost completely degraded after 80 days. Field and laboratory studies have shown many invertebrates species are susceptible to IVM at concentrations well below those excreted in the feces of treated cattle IVM affects reproduction and development of coleopteran larvae at concentrations up to 10 times lower than cause mortality. In Colombia, at least 68 species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae have been identified in dung communities. Greater diversity of dung beetles is associated with forests and silvopastoral systems that incorporate native trees and provide habitats for survival. IVM should be used selectively on animals on pasture to minimize parasite resistance and effects on dung beetle communities and other nontarget invertebrate communities.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43957001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a5
N. Torres-Salado, M. Ayala-Monter, P. Sánchez-Santillán, Isaac Almaraz-Buendía
26 Background : Digestibility of fiber in the rumen is not due to enzymatic activity of individual 27 bacteria, but rather to their interaction, which complements their enzymatic functioning. Thus, 28 efficiency of fiber digestion depends on the diversity and density of cellulolytic bacteria. 29 Objective: To estimate in vitro production of biogas, methane, and fermentative characteristics of 30 cobra grass ( Brachiaria hibrido ) inoculated with ruminal bacteria (RB) in coculture with isolated 31 cellulolytic bacteria (ICB) from bovine (ICB bov ) or water buffalo (ICB buf ). Methods : ICB bov and 32 ICB buf were isolated from ruminal cellulolytic bacteria consortia using specific culture media for 33 cellulolytic bacteria. Both were morphologically characterized, and a Gram stain was performed. 34 In the in vitro gas production test, the substrate was cobra grass and the inocula were ruminal 35 bacteria (RB), ICB bov , ICB buf , Coculture bov (RB + ICB bov ) and Coculture buf (RB + ICB buf ). 36 Production of biogas and methane (CH 4 ), as well as dry matter degradation (DMD) and neutral 37 detergent fiber degradation (NDFD) were measured. A completely randomized design was used. 38 Results : ICB were Gram positive cocci. Accumulated biogas production at 72 h from ICB bov and 39 ICB buf was on average 42.11% of that produced by RB. The Coculture bov produced 14.24% more 40 biogas than RB. CH 4 production was lower in ICB bov and ICB buf than in RB, Coculture bov and 41 Coculture buf . DMD and NDFD were not different among RB, Coculture bov and Coculture buf . ICB bov 42 degraded 37.10 and 96.34% more DMD and NDFD than ICB buf (p<0.05). Conclusion : The use of 43 ICB from bovine or water buffalo in coculture with RB does not improve in vitro production of 44 biogas, DMD or NDFD with respect to RB alone.
{"title":"Effect of the addition of cellulolytic bacteria to ruminal bacteria on in vitro fermentation characteristics","authors":"N. Torres-Salado, M. Ayala-Monter, P. Sánchez-Santillán, Isaac Almaraz-Buendía","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a5","url":null,"abstract":"26 Background : Digestibility of fiber in the rumen is not due to enzymatic activity of individual 27 bacteria, but rather to their interaction, which complements their enzymatic functioning. Thus, 28 efficiency of fiber digestion depends on the diversity and density of cellulolytic bacteria. 29 Objective: To estimate in vitro production of biogas, methane, and fermentative characteristics of 30 cobra grass ( Brachiaria hibrido ) inoculated with ruminal bacteria (RB) in coculture with isolated 31 cellulolytic bacteria (ICB) from bovine (ICB bov ) or water buffalo (ICB buf ). Methods : ICB bov and 32 ICB buf were isolated from ruminal cellulolytic bacteria consortia using specific culture media for 33 cellulolytic bacteria. Both were morphologically characterized, and a Gram stain was performed. 34 In the in vitro gas production test, the substrate was cobra grass and the inocula were ruminal 35 bacteria (RB), ICB bov , ICB buf , Coculture bov (RB + ICB bov ) and Coculture buf (RB + ICB buf ). 36 Production of biogas and methane (CH 4 ), as well as dry matter degradation (DMD) and neutral 37 detergent fiber degradation (NDFD) were measured. A completely randomized design was used. 38 Results : ICB were Gram positive cocci. Accumulated biogas production at 72 h from ICB bov and 39 ICB buf was on average 42.11% of that produced by RB. The Coculture bov produced 14.24% more 40 biogas than RB. CH 4 production was lower in ICB bov and ICB buf than in RB, Coculture bov and 41 Coculture buf . DMD and NDFD were not different among RB, Coculture bov and Coculture buf . ICB bov 42 degraded 37.10 and 96.34% more DMD and NDFD than ICB buf (p<0.05). Conclusion : The use of 43 ICB from bovine or water buffalo in coculture with RB does not improve in vitro production of 44 biogas, DMD or NDFD with respect to RB alone.","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47246693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n3a6
D. Villar, D. Schaeffer
{"title":"Collateral damage of fipronil in economic and ecologically important non-target species","authors":"D. Villar, D. Schaeffer","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n3a6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n3a6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42616119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a01
K. Rodríguez, Diana R Aguirre, Claudia P Ceballos
26 27 Background: The human-opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) conflict has increased during the 28 last decades mainly due to natural habitat loss and mediated by the opossum’s generalist and 29 opportunistic habits. Objective: A potential solution to reduce this conflict is to discourage 30 the opossums presence in human settlements without affecting the welfare of both parts. With 31 this purpose we developed an artisanal odor device with three different chemicals: citronella, 32 ammonia and creolin, and tested their effectiveness to drive away opossums. Methods: We 33 first attracted local opossums using fruits or canned sardines as bait in two areas, an urban 34 natural park (n = 2 sites), and in a peri-urban forest reserve (n = 4 sites), both in Envigado, 35 Antioquia, Colombia. Posteriorly we installed the odor device with one of three chemicals 36 on each site and for two weeks. The cycle was repeated with all chemicals in all sites. The 37 number of opossums per night was recorded daily using camera-traps with bait and 38 bait+chemical. Results: We found that ammonia and creolin were associated to fewer 39 opossums/night, even when the sites were still baited, and that citronella did not decrease the 40 presence of opossums/night when added to the baited sites. In addition, the number of 41 opossums per night was higher in the urban park relative to the forest reserve. Conclusion: 42 We suggest to further test the repellent effect of ammonia and creolin on real human-opossum 43 conflict scenarios, however caution is warranted given its irritant, flammable, and corrosive 44 properties. 45
{"title":"Experimental protocol to repel opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) through an artisanal odor repellent device","authors":"K. Rodríguez, Diana R Aguirre, Claudia P Ceballos","doi":"10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v35n4a01","url":null,"abstract":"26 27 Background: The human-opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) conflict has increased during the 28 last decades mainly due to natural habitat loss and mediated by the opossum’s generalist and 29 opportunistic habits. Objective: A potential solution to reduce this conflict is to discourage 30 the opossums presence in human settlements without affecting the welfare of both parts. With 31 this purpose we developed an artisanal odor device with three different chemicals: citronella, 32 ammonia and creolin, and tested their effectiveness to drive away opossums. Methods: We 33 first attracted local opossums using fruits or canned sardines as bait in two areas, an urban 34 natural park (n = 2 sites), and in a peri-urban forest reserve (n = 4 sites), both in Envigado, 35 Antioquia, Colombia. Posteriorly we installed the odor device with one of three chemicals 36 on each site and for two weeks. The cycle was repeated with all chemicals in all sites. The 37 number of opossums per night was recorded daily using camera-traps with bait and 38 bait+chemical. Results: We found that ammonia and creolin were associated to fewer 39 opossums/night, even when the sites were still baited, and that citronella did not decrease the 40 presence of opossums/night when added to the baited sites. In addition, the number of 41 opossums per night was higher in the urban park relative to the forest reserve. Conclusion: 42 We suggest to further test the repellent effect of ammonia and creolin on real human-opossum 43 conflict scenarios, however caution is warranted given its irritant, flammable, and corrosive 44 properties. 45","PeriodicalId":49613,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Pecuarias","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44250418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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