The strongly-coupled system like the quark-hadron transition (if it is of first order) is becoming an active play-yard for the physics of cosmological first-order phase transitions. However, the traditional field theoretic approach to strongly-coupled first-order phase transitions is of great challenge, driving recent efforts from holographic dual theories with explicit numerical simulations. These holographic numerical simulations have revealed an intriguing linear correlation between the phase pressure difference (pressure difference away from the wall) to the non-relativistic terminal velocity of an expanding planar wall, which has been reproduced analytically alongside both cylindrical and spherical walls from perfect-fluid hydrodynamics in our previous study but only for a bag equation of state. We have also found in our previous study a universal quadratic correlation between the wall pressure difference (pressure difference near the bubble wall) to the non-relativistic terminal wall velocity regardless of wall geometries. In this paper, we will generalize these analytic relations between the phase/wall pressure difference and terminal wall velocity into a more realistic equation of state beyond the simple bag model, providing the most general predictions so far for future tests from holographic numerical simulations of strongly-coupled first-order phase transitions
{"title":"General bubble expansion at strong coupling","authors":"Wang, Jun-Chen, Yuwen, Zi-Yan, Hao, Yu-Shi, Wang, Shao-Jiang","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07347","url":null,"abstract":"The strongly-coupled system like the quark-hadron transition (if it is of first order) is becoming an active play-yard for the physics of cosmological first-order phase transitions. However, the traditional field theoretic approach to strongly-coupled first-order phase transitions is of great challenge, driving recent efforts from holographic dual theories with explicit numerical simulations. These holographic numerical simulations have revealed an intriguing linear correlation between the phase pressure difference (pressure difference away from the wall) to the non-relativistic terminal velocity of an expanding planar wall, which has been reproduced analytically alongside both cylindrical and spherical walls from perfect-fluid hydrodynamics in our previous study but only for a bag equation of state. We have also found in our previous study a universal quadratic correlation between the wall pressure difference (pressure difference near the bubble wall) to the non-relativistic terminal wall velocity regardless of wall geometries. In this paper, we will generalize these analytic relations between the phase/wall pressure difference and terminal wall velocity into a more realistic equation of state beyond the simple bag model, providing the most general predictions so far for future tests from holographic numerical simulations of strongly-coupled first-order phase transitions","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"114 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.07452
Greenwell, Brandon M., Dahlmann, Annika, Dhoble, Saurabh
Compared to "black-box" models, like random forests and deep neural networks, explainable boosting machines (EBMs) are considered "glass-box" models that can be competitively accurate while also maintaining a higher degree of transparency and explainability. However, EBMs become readily less transparent and harder to interpret in high-dimensional settings with many predictor variables; they also become more difficult to use in production due to increases in scoring time. We propose a simple solution based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) that can help introduce sparsity by reweighting the individual model terms and removing the less relevant ones, thereby allowing these models to maintain their transparency and relatively fast scoring times in higher-dimensional settings. In short, post-processing a fitted EBM with many (i.e., possibly hundreds or thousands) of terms using the LASSO can help reduce the model's complexity and drastically improve scoring time. We illustrate the basic idea using two real-world examples with code.
{"title":"Explainable Boosting Machines with Sparsity -- Maintaining\u0000 Explainability in High-Dimensional Settings","authors":"Greenwell, Brandon M., Dahlmann, Annika, Dhoble, Saurabh","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07452","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to \"black-box\" models, like random forests and deep neural networks, explainable boosting machines (EBMs) are considered \"glass-box\" models that can be competitively accurate while also maintaining a higher degree of transparency and explainability. However, EBMs become readily less transparent and harder to interpret in high-dimensional settings with many predictor variables; they also become more difficult to use in production due to increases in scoring time. We propose a simple solution based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) that can help introduce sparsity by reweighting the individual model terms and removing the less relevant ones, thereby allowing these models to maintain their transparency and relatively fast scoring times in higher-dimensional settings. In short, post-processing a fitted EBM with many (i.e., possibly hundreds or thousands) of terms using the LASSO can help reduce the model's complexity and drastically improve scoring time. We illustrate the basic idea using two real-world examples with code.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"108 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.07513
Misheva, Branka Hadji, Osterrieder, Joerg
Machine learning and deep learning have become increasingly prevalent in financial prediction and forecasting tasks, offering advantages such as enhanced customer experience, democratising financial services, improving consumer protection, and enhancing risk management. However, these complex models often lack transparency and interpretability, making them challenging to use in sensitive domains like finance. This has led to the rise of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods aimed at creating models that are easily understood by humans. Classical XAI methods, such as LIME and SHAP, have been developed to provide explanations for complex models. While these methods have made significant contributions, they also have limitations, including computational complexity, inherent model bias, sensitivity to data sampling, and challenges in dealing with feature dependence. In this context, this paper explores good practices for deploying explainability in AI-based systems for finance, emphasising the importance of data quality, audience-specific methods, consideration of data properties, and the stability of explanations. These practices aim to address the unique challenges and requirements of the financial industry and guide the development of effective XAI tools.
{"title":"A Hypothesis on Good Practices for AI-based Systems for Financial Time\u0000 Series Forecasting: Towards Domain-Driven XAI Methods","authors":"Misheva, Branka Hadji, Osterrieder, Joerg","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07513","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning and deep learning have become increasingly prevalent in financial prediction and forecasting tasks, offering advantages such as enhanced customer experience, democratising financial services, improving consumer protection, and enhancing risk management. However, these complex models often lack transparency and interpretability, making them challenging to use in sensitive domains like finance. This has led to the rise of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods aimed at creating models that are easily understood by humans. Classical XAI methods, such as LIME and SHAP, have been developed to provide explanations for complex models. While these methods have made significant contributions, they also have limitations, including computational complexity, inherent model bias, sensitivity to data sampling, and challenges in dealing with feature dependence. In this context, this paper explores good practices for deploying explainability in AI-based systems for finance, emphasising the importance of data quality, audience-specific methods, consideration of data properties, and the stability of explanations. These practices aim to address the unique challenges and requirements of the financial industry and guide the development of effective XAI tools.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"108 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep learning has shown promise in decoding brain signals, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, the non-stationary characteristics of EEG signals pose challenges for training neural networks to acquire appropriate knowledge. Inconsistent EEG signals resulting from these non-stationary characteristics can lead to poor performance. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and address sample inconsistency to ensure robust performance in spontaneous BCIs. In this study, we introduce the concept of sample dominance as a measure of EEG signal inconsistency and propose a method to modulate its effect on network training. We present a two-stage dominance score estimation technique that compensates for performance degradation caused by sample inconsistencies. Our proposed method utilizes non-parametric estimation to infer sample inconsistency and assigns each sample a dominance score. This score is then aggregated with the loss function during training to modulate the impact of sample inconsistency. Furthermore, we design a curriculum learning approach that gradually increases the influence of inconsistent signals during training to improve overall performance. We evaluate our proposed method using public spontaneous BCI dataset. The experimental results confirm that our findings highlight the importance of addressing sample dominance for achieving robust performance in spontaneous BCIs.
{"title":"Sample Dominance Aware Framework via Non-Parametric Estimation for\u0000 Spontaneous Brain-Computer Interface","authors":"Lee, Byeong-Hoo, Kwon, Byoung-Hee, Lee, Seong-Whan","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07079","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning has shown promise in decoding brain signals, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, the non-stationary characteristics of EEG signals pose challenges for training neural networks to acquire appropriate knowledge. Inconsistent EEG signals resulting from these non-stationary characteristics can lead to poor performance. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and address sample inconsistency to ensure robust performance in spontaneous BCIs. In this study, we introduce the concept of sample dominance as a measure of EEG signal inconsistency and propose a method to modulate its effect on network training. We present a two-stage dominance score estimation technique that compensates for performance degradation caused by sample inconsistencies. Our proposed method utilizes non-parametric estimation to infer sample inconsistency and assigns each sample a dominance score. This score is then aggregated with the loss function during training to modulate the impact of sample inconsistency. Furthermore, we design a curriculum learning approach that gradually increases the influence of inconsistent signals during training to improve overall performance. We evaluate our proposed method using public spontaneous BCI dataset. The experimental results confirm that our findings highlight the importance of addressing sample dominance for achieving robust performance in spontaneous BCIs.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"119 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.07082
Gao, Yan, Bai, Chenggang, Quan, Quan
This survey presents a comprehensive review of various methods and algorithms related to passing-through control of multi-robot systems in cluttered environments. Numerous studies have investigated this area, and we identify several avenues for enhancing existing methods. This survey describes some models of robots and commonly considered control objectives, followed by an in-depth analysis of four types of algorithms that can be employed for passing-through control: leader-follower formation control, multi-robot trajectory planning, control-based methods, and virtual tube planning and control. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of these techniques and provide some subjective and general evaluations.
{"title":"A Survey on Passing-through Control of Multi-Robot Systems in Cluttered\u0000 Environments","authors":"Gao, Yan, Bai, Chenggang, Quan, Quan","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07082","url":null,"abstract":"This survey presents a comprehensive review of various methods and algorithms related to passing-through control of multi-robot systems in cluttered environments. Numerous studies have investigated this area, and we identify several avenues for enhancing existing methods. This survey describes some models of robots and commonly considered control objectives, followed by an in-depth analysis of four types of algorithms that can be employed for passing-through control: leader-follower formation control, multi-robot trajectory planning, control-based methods, and virtual tube planning and control. Furthermore, we conduct a comparative analysis of these techniques and provide some subjective and general evaluations.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"119 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.07473
Chen, Siyu, Parker, Isaac J., Monserrat, Bartomeu
We investigate the role of temperature on the topological insulating state of metal dichalcogenide monolayers, 1T$^prime$-MX$_2$ (M=W, Mo and X=S, Se). Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, we consider three temperature-related contributions to the topological band gap: electrons coupling with short-wavelength phonons, with long-wavelength phonons textit{via} Fr"ohlich coupling, and thermal expansion. We find that electron-phonon coupling promotes the topology of the electronic structures of all 1T$^prime$-MX$_2$ monolayers, while thermal expansion acts as a counteracting effect. Additionally, we derive the band renormalization from Fr"ohlich coupling in the two-dimensional context and observe its relatively modest contribution to 1T$^prime$-MX$_2$ monolayers. Finally, we present a simplified physical picture to understand the "inverse Varshni" effect driven by band inversion in topological insulators. Our work reveals that, among the four 1T$^prime$-MX$_2$ studied monolayers, MoSe$_2$ is a promising candidate for room temperature applications as its band gap displays remarkable resilience against thermal expansion, while the topological order of WS$_2$ can be tuned under the combined influence of strain and temperature. Both materials represent novel examples of temperature promoted topological insulators.
{"title":"Temperature effects in topological insulators of transition metal\u0000 dichalcogenide monolayers","authors":"Chen, Siyu, Parker, Isaac J., Monserrat, Bartomeu","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07473","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the role of temperature on the topological insulating state of metal dichalcogenide monolayers, 1T$^prime$-MX$_2$ (M=W, Mo and X=S, Se). Using first principles calculations based on density functional theory, we consider three temperature-related contributions to the topological band gap: electrons coupling with short-wavelength phonons, with long-wavelength phonons textit{via} Fr\"ohlich coupling, and thermal expansion. We find that electron-phonon coupling promotes the topology of the electronic structures of all 1T$^prime$-MX$_2$ monolayers, while thermal expansion acts as a counteracting effect. Additionally, we derive the band renormalization from Fr\"ohlich coupling in the two-dimensional context and observe its relatively modest contribution to 1T$^prime$-MX$_2$ monolayers. Finally, we present a simplified physical picture to understand the \"inverse Varshni\" effect driven by band inversion in topological insulators. Our work reveals that, among the four 1T$^prime$-MX$_2$ studied monolayers, MoSe$_2$ is a promising candidate for room temperature applications as its band gap displays remarkable resilience against thermal expansion, while the topological order of WS$_2$ can be tuned under the combined influence of strain and temperature. Both materials represent novel examples of temperature promoted topological insulators.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"109 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.07490
Bryan-Kinns, Nick, Reed, Courtney N.
Evaluation is essential to understanding the value that digital creativity brings to people's experience, for example in terms of their enjoyment, creativity, and engagement. There is a substantial body of research on how to design and evaluate interactive arts and digital creativity applications. There is also extensive Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature on how to evaluate user interfaces and user experiences. However, it can be difficult for artists, practitioners, and researchers to navigate such a broad and disparate collection of materials when considering how to evaluate technology they create that is at the intersection of art and interaction. This chapter provides a guide to designing robust user studies of creative applications at the intersection of art, technology and interaction, which we refer to as Media and Arts Technology (MAT). We break MAT studies down into two main kinds: proof-of-concept and comparative studies. As MAT studies are exploratory in nature, their evaluation requires the collection and analysis of both qualitative data such as free text questionnaire responses, interviews, and observations, and also quantitative data such as questionnaires, number of interactions, and length of time spent interacting. This chapter draws on over 15 years of experience of designing and evaluating novel interactive systems to provide a concrete template on how to structure a study to evaluate MATs that is both rigorous and repeatable, and how to report study results that are publishable and accessible to a wide readership in art and science communities alike.
{"title":"A Guide to Evaluating the Experience of Media and Arts Technology","authors":"Bryan-Kinns, Nick, Reed, Courtney N.","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07490","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation is essential to understanding the value that digital creativity brings to people's experience, for example in terms of their enjoyment, creativity, and engagement. There is a substantial body of research on how to design and evaluate interactive arts and digital creativity applications. There is also extensive Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature on how to evaluate user interfaces and user experiences. However, it can be difficult for artists, practitioners, and researchers to navigate such a broad and disparate collection of materials when considering how to evaluate technology they create that is at the intersection of art and interaction. This chapter provides a guide to designing robust user studies of creative applications at the intersection of art, technology and interaction, which we refer to as Media and Arts Technology (MAT). We break MAT studies down into two main kinds: proof-of-concept and comparative studies. As MAT studies are exploratory in nature, their evaluation requires the collection and analysis of both qualitative data such as free text questionnaire responses, interviews, and observations, and also quantitative data such as questionnaires, number of interactions, and length of time spent interacting. This chapter draws on over 15 years of experience of designing and evaluating novel interactive systems to provide a concrete template on how to structure a study to evaluate MATs that is both rigorous and repeatable, and how to report study results that are publishable and accessible to a wide readership in art and science communities alike.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"109 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vector processing is highly effective in boosting processor performance and efficiency for data-parallel workloads. In this paper, we present Ara2, the first fully open-source vector processor to support the RISC-V V 1.0 frozen ISA. We evaluate Ara2's performance on a diverse set of data-parallel kernels for various problem sizes and vector-unit configurations, achieving an average functional-unit utilization of 95% on the most computationally intensive kernels. We pinpoint performance boosters and bottlenecks, including the scalar core, memories, and vector architecture, providing insights into the main vector architecture's performance drivers. Leveraging the openness of the design, we implement Ara2 in a 22nm technology, characterize its PPA metrics on various configurations (2-16 lanes), and analyze its microarchitecture and implementation bottlenecks. Ara2 achieves a state-of-the-art energy efficiency of 37.8 DP-GFLOPS/W (0.8V) and 1.35GHz of clock frequency (critical path: ~40 FO4 gates). Finally, we explore the performance and energy-efficiency trade-offs of multi-core vector processors: we find that multiple vector cores help overcome the scalar core issue-rate bound that limits short-vector performance. For example, a cluster of eight 2-lane Ara2 (16 FPUs) achieves more than 3x better performance than a 16-lane single-core Ara2 (16 FPUs) when executing a 32x32x32 matrix multiplication, with 1.5x improved energy efficiency.
矢量处理在提高数据并行工作负载的处理器性能和效率方面非常有效。在本文中，我们提出了Ara2，这是第一个完全开源的矢量处理器，支持RISC-V V 1.0冻结ISA。针对不同的问题大小和向量单元配置，我们在不同的数据并行内核上评估了Ara2的性能，在最计算密集型的内核上实现了95%的平均功能单元利用率。我们指出了性能提升和瓶颈，包括标量核心、内存和矢量架构，提供了对主要矢量架构性能驱动因素的见解。利用设计的开放性，我们在22nm技术中实现了Ara2，在各种配置(2-16通道)上表征了其PPA指标，并分析了其微架构和实现瓶颈。Ara2实现了最先进的能源效率37.8 DP-GFLOPS/W (0.8V)和1.35GHz时钟频率(关键路径:~40个FO4栅极)。最后，我们探讨了多核矢量处理器的性能和能效权衡:我们发现多核矢量处理器有助于克服限制短矢量性能的标量核问题率界限。例如，当执行32x32x32矩阵乘法时，8个2通道的Ara2集群(16个fpu)的性能比16通道的单核Ara2集群(16个fpu)的性能提高3倍以上，能效提高1.5倍。
{"title":"Ara2: Exploring Single- and Multi-Core Vector Processing with an\u0000 Efficient RVV1.0 Compliant Open-Source Processor","authors":"Perotti, Matteo, Cavalcante, Matheus, Andri, Renzo, Cavigelli, Lukas, Benini, Luca","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07493","url":null,"abstract":"Vector processing is highly effective in boosting processor performance and efficiency for data-parallel workloads. In this paper, we present Ara2, the first fully open-source vector processor to support the RISC-V V 1.0 frozen ISA. We evaluate Ara2's performance on a diverse set of data-parallel kernels for various problem sizes and vector-unit configurations, achieving an average functional-unit utilization of 95% on the most computationally intensive kernels. We pinpoint performance boosters and bottlenecks, including the scalar core, memories, and vector architecture, providing insights into the main vector architecture's performance drivers. Leveraging the openness of the design, we implement Ara2 in a 22nm technology, characterize its PPA metrics on various configurations (2-16 lanes), and analyze its microarchitecture and implementation bottlenecks. Ara2 achieves a state-of-the-art energy efficiency of 37.8 DP-GFLOPS/W (0.8V) and 1.35GHz of clock frequency (critical path: ~40 FO4 gates). Finally, we explore the performance and energy-efficiency trade-offs of multi-core vector processors: we find that multiple vector cores help overcome the scalar core issue-rate bound that limits short-vector performance. For example, a cluster of eight 2-lane Ara2 (16 FPUs) achieves more than 3x better performance than a 16-lane single-core Ara2 (16 FPUs) when executing a 32x32x32 matrix multiplication, with 1.5x improved energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"109 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.07492
Gil, Stephanie, Yemini, Michal, Chorti, Arsenia, Nedić, Angelia, Poor, H. Vincent, Goldsmith, Andrea J.
Multi-agent cyberphysical systems enable new capabilities in efficiency, resilience, and security. The unique characteristics of these systems prompt a reevaluation of their security concepts, including their vulnerabilities, and mechanisms to mitigate these vulnerabilities. This survey paper examines how advancement in wireless networking, coupled with the sensing and computing in cyberphysical systems, can foster novel security capabilities. This study delves into three main themes related to securing multi-agent cyberphysical systems. First, we discuss the threats that are particularly relevant to multi-agent cyberphysical systems given the potential lack of trust between agents. Second, we present prospects for sensing, contextual awareness, and authentication, enabling the inference and measurement of ``inter-agent trust" for these systems. Third, we elaborate on the application of quantifiable trust notions to enable ``resilient coordination," where ``resilient" signifies sustained functionality amid attacks on multiagent cyberphysical systems. We refer to the capability of cyberphysical systems to self-organize, and coordinate to achieve a task as autonomy. This survey unveils the cyberphysical character of future interconnected systems as a pivotal catalyst for realizing robust, trust-centered autonomy in tomorrow's world.
{"title":"How Physicality Enables Trust: A New Era of Trust-Centered Cyberphysical\u0000 Systems","authors":"Gil, Stephanie, Yemini, Michal, Chorti, Arsenia, Nedić, Angelia, Poor, H. Vincent, Goldsmith, Andrea J.","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07492","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-agent cyberphysical systems enable new capabilities in efficiency, resilience, and security. The unique characteristics of these systems prompt a reevaluation of their security concepts, including their vulnerabilities, and mechanisms to mitigate these vulnerabilities. This survey paper examines how advancement in wireless networking, coupled with the sensing and computing in cyberphysical systems, can foster novel security capabilities. This study delves into three main themes related to securing multi-agent cyberphysical systems. First, we discuss the threats that are particularly relevant to multi-agent cyberphysical systems given the potential lack of trust between agents. Second, we present prospects for sensing, contextual awareness, and authentication, enabling the inference and measurement of ``inter-agent trust\" for these systems. Third, we elaborate on the application of quantifiable trust notions to enable ``resilient coordination,\" where ``resilient\" signifies sustained functionality amid attacks on multiagent cyberphysical systems. We refer to the capability of cyberphysical systems to self-organize, and coordinate to achieve a task as autonomy. This survey unveils the cyberphysical character of future interconnected systems as a pivotal catalyst for realizing robust, trust-centered autonomy in tomorrow's world.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"109 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2311.07456
Abac, Adrian, Dietrich, Tim, Buonanno, Alessandra, Steinhoff, Jan, Ujevic, Maximiliano
For the analysis of gravitational-wave signals, fast and accurate gravitational-waveform models are required. These enable us to obtain information on the system properties from compact binary mergers. In this article, we introduce the NRTidalv3 model, which contains a closed-form expression that describes tidal effects, focusing on the description of binary neutron star systems. The model improves upon previous versions by employing a larger set of numerical-relativity data for its calibration, by including high-mass ratio systems covering also a wider range of equations of state. It also takes into account dynamical tidal effects and the known post-Newtonian mass-ratio dependence of individual calibration parameters. We implemented the model in the publicly available LALSuite software library by augmenting different binary black hole waveform models (IMRPhenomD, IMRPhenomX, and SEOBNRv5_ROM). We test the validity of NRTidalv3 by comparing it with numerical-relativity waveforms, as well as other tidal models. Finally, we perform parameter estimation for GW170817 and GW190425 with the new tidal approximant and find overall consistent results with respect to previous studies.
{"title":"NRTidalv3: A New and Robust Gravitational-Waveform Model for\u0000 High-Mass-Ratio Binary Neutron Star Systems with Dynamical Tidal Effects","authors":"Abac, Adrian, Dietrich, Tim, Buonanno, Alessandra, Steinhoff, Jan, Ujevic, Maximiliano","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2311.07456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2311.07456","url":null,"abstract":"For the analysis of gravitational-wave signals, fast and accurate gravitational-waveform models are required. These enable us to obtain information on the system properties from compact binary mergers. In this article, we introduce the NRTidalv3 model, which contains a closed-form expression that describes tidal effects, focusing on the description of binary neutron star systems. The model improves upon previous versions by employing a larger set of numerical-relativity data for its calibration, by including high-mass ratio systems covering also a wider range of equations of state. It also takes into account dynamical tidal effects and the known post-Newtonian mass-ratio dependence of individual calibration parameters. We implemented the model in the publicly available LALSuite software library by augmenting different binary black hole waveform models (IMRPhenomD, IMRPhenomX, and SEOBNRv5_ROM). We test the validity of NRTidalv3 by comparing it with numerical-relativity waveforms, as well as other tidal models. Finally, we perform parameter estimation for GW170817 and GW190425 with the new tidal approximant and find overall consistent results with respect to previous studies.","PeriodicalId":496270,"journal":{"name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","volume":"109 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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