Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2024.150879
Min Ju Kim, Jin A Kim, H. Park, J. Yim, Il-Chan Kim, S. Han
A cold-active amylase was purified from Alteromonas sp. KS7913 isolated from the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. After purification with use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, phenyl column chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography, 200.34 U mg−1 of purified amylase was obtained. The final yield was 3.4%, and the activity was 5.7-fold higher than that of the initial culture broth. KS7913 origin amylase showed a molecular weight of 70 kDa and optimal activity at 25℃, pH 7.0 in Tris-HCl buffer. The amylase was highly active, especially at 5℃, and maintained stability at basic conditions below 25℃. Copper and zinc ions inhibited enzyme activity, whereas manganese, barium, and calcium ions exhibited positive effects. This activity was maintained even in the presence of alcohol. The findings of this study supplement our understanding of cold-active amylases, and may have practical applications in low-temperature industries.
{"title":"Novel cold-active amylase-producing bacterium from Chukchi Sea and its enzyme properties","authors":"Min Ju Kim, Jin A Kim, H. Park, J. Yim, Il-Chan Kim, S. Han","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2024.150879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2024.150879","url":null,"abstract":"A cold-active amylase was purified from Alteromonas sp. KS7913 isolated from the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. After purification with use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, phenyl column chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography, 200.34 U mg−1 of purified amylase was obtained. The final yield was 3.4%, and the activity was 5.7-fold higher than that of the initial culture broth. KS7913 origin amylase showed a molecular weight of 70 kDa and optimal activity at 25℃, pH 7.0 in Tris-HCl buffer. The amylase was highly active, especially at 5℃, and maintained stability at basic conditions below 25℃. Copper and zinc ions inhibited enzyme activity, whereas manganese, barium, and calcium ions exhibited positive effects. This activity was maintained even in the presence of alcohol. The findings of this study supplement our understanding of cold-active amylases, and may have practical applications in low-temperature industries.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2024.150021
Oleg Kokun, Larysa Bakhmutova
Prolonged stays in extreme living and working conditions at Antarctic stations can result in both negative psychological manifestations and possible positive, salutogenic effects. The aim of this study was to check an assumption about existing salutogenic outcomes and their personality predictors in expeditioners who participated in year-long expeditions. We examined 62 expeditioners who participated in expeditions to the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station between 1996 and 2021, including 59 men and three women aged 27 to 68 years. We used the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Expanded, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire. The majority of expeditioners (55–71%, on various grounds) recorded personal growth following Antarctic deployment, at a level from moderate to high. Based on personality characteristics diagnosed in the abovementioned questionnaires, we created an informative prognostic model explaining 30–45% of the variation in several indicators of expeditioners’ post-expedition growth. The most important predictors of expeditioners’ post-expedition growth were indicators of professional hardiness. Our findings provide additional opportunities to improve psychological evaluation and training for Antarctic expedition personnel.
{"title":"Salutogenic outcomes and their personality predictors in participants of year-long Antarctic expeditions","authors":"Oleg Kokun, Larysa Bakhmutova","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2024.150021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2024.150021","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged stays in extreme living and working conditions at Antarctic stations can result in both negative psychological manifestations and possible positive, salutogenic effects. The aim of this study was to check an assumption about existing salutogenic outcomes and their personality predictors in expeditioners who participated in year-long expeditions. We examined 62 expeditioners who participated in expeditions to the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station between 1996 and 2021, including 59 men and three women aged 27 to 68 years. We used the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Expanded, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire. The majority of expeditioners (55–71%, on various grounds) recorded personal growth following Antarctic deployment, at a level from moderate to high. Based on personality characteristics diagnosed in the abovementioned questionnaires, we created an informative prognostic model explaining 30–45% of the variation in several indicators of expeditioners’ post-expedition growth. The most important predictors of expeditioners’ post-expedition growth were indicators of professional hardiness. Our findings provide additional opportunities to improve psychological evaluation and training for Antarctic expedition personnel.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2024.150022
Dagmara Bożek, Joanna Plenzler, Katarzyna Greń
In the paper, we present a gradual transition from domination of men to equal treatment for men and women during the several decades of Polish expeditions to scientific stations in the Arctic and the Antarctic. This research has been based on the data available in the archives and at the database created within the project Female polar explorers (Polarniczki in Polish), which contains information about the number of female participants of expeditions to Polish research stations. Women participated in the seasonal expeditions almost from the very beginning when Polish research stations were established in 1970s and 1980s, but a significant increase of female participants is visible especially at year-round stations in the second decade of the 21st century. In 1984, the first Polish female scientist overwintered in the Antarctic and in 1996 in the Arctic. In 1986, the first woman became a leader of a summer scientific expedition to Spitsbergen, and in 1991 a first woman became the leader of a year-long expedition to Arctowski Station. In the presented database, there are 825 records, that correspond to 417 surnames of female participants in Polish polar expeditions, 145 participated in more than one expedition. Women who were working at Polish polar research stations represented a variety of occupations, but most of them were scientists or combined science and station service. The collected data clearly show that the days when the presence of women at polar stations was unwelcome are a thing of the past.
{"title":"History of female Polish pioneers and expeditioners in polar regions","authors":"Dagmara Bożek, Joanna Plenzler, Katarzyna Greń","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2024.150022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2024.150022","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, we present a gradual transition from domination of men to equal treatment for men and women during the several decades of Polish expeditions to scientific stations in the Arctic and the Antarctic. This research has been based on the data available in the archives and at the database created within the project Female polar explorers (Polarniczki in Polish), which contains information about the number of female participants of expeditions to Polish research stations. Women participated in the seasonal expeditions almost from the very beginning when Polish research stations were established in 1970s and 1980s, but a significant increase of female participants is visible especially at year-round stations in the second decade of the 21st century. In 1984, the first Polish female scientist overwintered in the Antarctic and in 1996 in the Arctic. In 1986, the first woman became a leader of a summer scientific expedition to Spitsbergen, and in 1991 a first woman became the leader of a year-long expedition to Arctowski Station. In the presented database, there are 825 records, that correspond to 417 surnames of female participants in Polish polar expeditions, 145 participated in more than one expedition. Women who were working at Polish polar research stations represented a variety of occupations, but most of them were scientists or combined science and station service. The collected data clearly show that the days when the presence of women at polar stations was unwelcome are a thing of the past.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2024.149208
T. Janik, W. Czuba
{"title":"In Memoriam Professor Aleksander Guterch (1936–2023) an outstanding Polish geophysicist and polar researcher","authors":"T. Janik, W. Czuba","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2024.149208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2024.149208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140495881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/PPR.2019.130901
Aleksander Uszczyk, M. Grabiec, Michał Laska, M. Kuhn, D. Ignatiuk
: Snowmelt is a very important component of freshwater resources in the polar environment. Seasonal fluctuations in the water supply to glacial drainage systems influence glacier dynamics and indirectly affect water circulation and stratification in fjords. Here, we present spatial distribution of the meltwater production from the snow cover on Hansbreen in southern Spitsbergen. We estimated the volume of freshwater coming from snow deposited over this glacier. As a case study, we used 2014 being one of the warmest season in the 21 st century. The depth of snow cover was measured using a high frequency Ground Penetrating Radar close to the maximum stage of accumulation. Simultaneously, a series of studies were conducted to analyse the structure of the snowpack and its physical properties in three snow pits in different glacier elevation zones. These data were combined to construct a snow density model for the entire glacier, which together with snow depth distribution represents essential parameters to estimate glacier winter mass balance. A temperature index model was used to calculate snow ablation, applying an average temperature lapse rate and surface elevation changes. Applying variable with altitude degree day factor, we estimated an average daily rate of ablation between 0.023 m d -1 °C -1 (for the ablation zone) and 0.027 m d -1 °C -1 (in accumulation zone). This melting rate was further validated by direct ablation data at reference sites on the glacier. An average daily water production by snowmelt in 2014 ablation season was 0.0065 m w.e. (water equivalent) and 41.52·10 6 m 3 of freshwater in total. This ablation concerned 85.5% of the total water accumulated during winter in snow cover. Extreme daily melting exceeded 0.020 m w.e. in June and September 2014 with a maximum on 6 th July 2014 (0.027 m w.e.). The snow cover has completely disappeared at the end of ablation season on 75.8% of the surface of Hansbreen.
在极地环境中，融雪是淡水资源的重要组成部分。冰川排水系统供水的季节性波动影响冰川动力学，并间接影响峡湾的水循环和分层。本文研究了斯匹次卑尔根南部汉斯布林地区积雪融水产量的空间分布。我们估计了冰川上积雪的淡水量。作为一个案例研究，我们用2014年作为21世纪最温暖的季节之一。利用高频探地雷达在最大积雪阶段附近测量积雪深度。同时，对不同冰川高程带3个雪坑的积雪结构及其物理性质进行了分析。结合这些数据构建了整个冰川的雪密度模型，该模型与雪深分布是估算冰川冬季物质平衡的重要参数。利用平均温度递减率和地表高程变化，采用温度指数模型计算积雪消融。应用高度日因子，我们估计平均日消融速率在0.023 m d -1°C -1(消融区)和0.027 m d -1°C -1(堆积区)之间。冰川参考点的直接消融数据进一步证实了这一融化速度。2014年消融季融雪日平均出水量为0.0065 m w.e.(水当量)，淡水总量为41.52·10.6 m³。消融量占积雪冬季累计水量的85.5%。2014年6月和9月极端日融雪量超过0.020 m w.e, 7月6日最大(0.027 m w.e)。消融季结束时，汉山75.8%的地表积雪完全消失。
{"title":"Importance of snow as component of surface mass balance of Arctic glacier (Hansbreen, southern Spitsbergen)","authors":"Aleksander Uszczyk, M. Grabiec, Michał Laska, M. Kuhn, D. Ignatiuk","doi":"10.24425/PPR.2019.130901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/PPR.2019.130901","url":null,"abstract":": Snowmelt is a very important component of freshwater resources in the polar environment. Seasonal fluctuations in the water supply to glacial drainage systems influence glacier dynamics and indirectly affect water circulation and stratification in fjords. Here, we present spatial distribution of the meltwater production from the snow cover on Hansbreen in southern Spitsbergen. We estimated the volume of freshwater coming from snow deposited over this glacier. As a case study, we used 2014 being one of the warmest season in the 21 st century. The depth of snow cover was measured using a high frequency Ground Penetrating Radar close to the maximum stage of accumulation. Simultaneously, a series of studies were conducted to analyse the structure of the snowpack and its physical properties in three snow pits in different glacier elevation zones. These data were combined to construct a snow density model for the entire glacier, which together with snow depth distribution represents essential parameters to estimate glacier winter mass balance. A temperature index model was used to calculate snow ablation, applying an average temperature lapse rate and surface elevation changes. Applying variable with altitude degree day factor, we estimated an average daily rate of ablation between 0.023 m d -1 °C -1 (for the ablation zone) and 0.027 m d -1 °C -1 (in accumulation zone). This melting rate was further validated by direct ablation data at reference sites on the glacier. An average daily water production by snowmelt in 2014 ablation season was 0.0065 m w.e. (water equivalent) and 41.52·10 6 m 3 of freshwater in total. This ablation concerned 85.5% of the total water accumulated during winter in snow cover. Extreme daily melting exceeded 0.020 m w.e. in June and September 2014 with a maximum on 6 th July 2014 (0.027 m w.e.). The snow cover has completely disappeared at the end of ablation season on 75.8% of the surface of Hansbreen.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68952462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2022.140364
: Sessile suspension feeders depend primarily on availability of a space to settle and access to the water column. Their sessile nature incapacitates displacement during disturbances thus they rely on their morphology to overcome selective processes. We classified the assemblage of SSF from Mackellar Inlet (King George Island, Antarctica) according to their growth forms (GF) and epibiotic association type, the latter based on direct observation of the epibiotic behaviour of every individual. Organisms that did not comply with any previously established GF were grouped into ‘other GF’. Sampling stations were distributed across the fjord following a gradient based primarily on the distance to Domeyko Glacier (inner, middle, outer sections). Seven GF were recognised in the glaciomarine fjord: tree, bush, stalk, mound, flat, runner, and sheet. Four types of epibiotic associations were identified: basibiont, both facultative epibiont and basibiont, facultative epibiont (non-basibiont), and epibiont. Our results showed that the tree GF were found in the inner and middle sections, mound in middle and outer, and flat across all fjord sections. These GF enhanced GF-diversity since they constituted additional substrate for most of the ‘other GF’ which had primarily an epibiotic strategy. Contrastingly, bush, runner and stalk GF were only found in the outer section of the fjord, thus the most distanced from periglacial disturbances. The GF distribution was consistent with distance to glacier, both in number and strategies. These results highlight the potentialities of the morpho-functional classification applied to Antarctic sessile suspension feeders to help understand their distribution based on adaptive capabilities.
{"title":"Growth form classification for sessile suspension feeders and their distribution in Antarctic fjord, King George Island","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.140364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.140364","url":null,"abstract":": Sessile suspension feeders depend primarily on availability of a space to settle and access to the water column. Their sessile nature incapacitates displacement during disturbances thus they rely on their morphology to overcome selective processes. We classified the assemblage of SSF from Mackellar Inlet (King George Island, Antarctica) according to their growth forms (GF) and epibiotic association type, the latter based on direct observation of the epibiotic behaviour of every individual. Organisms that did not comply with any previously established GF were grouped into ‘other GF’. Sampling stations were distributed across the fjord following a gradient based primarily on the distance to Domeyko Glacier (inner, middle, outer sections). Seven GF were recognised in the glaciomarine fjord: tree, bush, stalk, mound, flat, runner, and sheet. Four types of epibiotic associations were identified: basibiont, both facultative epibiont and basibiont, facultative epibiont (non-basibiont), and epibiont. Our results showed that the tree GF were found in the inner and middle sections, mound in middle and outer, and flat across all fjord sections. These GF enhanced GF-diversity since they constituted additional substrate for most of the ‘other GF’ which had primarily an epibiotic strategy. Contrastingly, bush, runner and stalk GF were only found in the outer section of the fjord, thus the most distanced from periglacial disturbances. The GF distribution was consistent with distance to glacier, both in number and strategies. These results highlight the potentialities of the morpho-functional classification applied to Antarctic sessile suspension feeders to help understand their distribution based on adaptive capabilities.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2021.136601
: The Arctic region is under considerable pressure from the rapidly growing global tourism industry. The goal of this article is to present the current state of tourism in Spitsbergen, including the results of empirical research about the type of tourists and their preferences in organizing a trip, i.e. motivation, choice of attractions, etc . The survey in Longyearbyen town was conducted in 2018 and 2019 during two summer and two winter trips. As a result, a total of n=214 questionnaires were collected, presenting interesting insights into tourists’ profiles and their motivation in coming to the island. Based on the results, the Arctic tourism sector is characterized by seasonality, which significantly affects the distribution of tourist arrivals throughout the year. During the last 15 years, Spitsbergen island noticed the greatest boom in tourism linked to the development of transport infrastructure (new ports and airports) and accommodation (hotels). From one side, the tourism industry contributes significantly to employment in Longyearbyen, still from the other side, it burdens the local community and challenges their lives due to increased pollution of air, water and ground. The increased tourism also poses serious threats to the natural environment, which is already under pressure due to global warming resulting in melting Arctic glaciers and increased sea level. Therefore, it is crucial to implement new regulations to control and manage the development of tourism while protecting nature and its residents.
{"title":"Increase of tourist traffic on Spitsbergen: An environmental challenge or chance for progress in the region?","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2021.136601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.136601","url":null,"abstract":": The Arctic region is under considerable pressure from the rapidly growing global tourism industry. The goal of this article is to present the current state of tourism in Spitsbergen, including the results of empirical research about the type of tourists and their preferences in organizing a trip, i.e. motivation, choice of attractions, etc . The survey in Longyearbyen town was conducted in 2018 and 2019 during two summer and two winter trips. As a result, a total of n=214 questionnaires were collected, presenting interesting insights into tourists’ profiles and their motivation in coming to the island. Based on the results, the Arctic tourism sector is characterized by seasonality, which significantly affects the distribution of tourist arrivals throughout the year. During the last 15 years, Spitsbergen island noticed the greatest boom in tourism linked to the development of transport infrastructure (new ports and airports) and accommodation (hotels). From one side, the tourism industry contributes significantly to employment in Longyearbyen, still from the other side, it burdens the local community and challenges their lives due to increased pollution of air, water and ground. The increased tourism also poses serious threats to the natural environment, which is already under pressure due to global warming resulting in melting Arctic glaciers and increased sea level. Therefore, it is crucial to implement new regulations to control and manage the development of tourism while protecting nature and its residents.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2020.134793
{"title":"Limno-terrestrial diatom flora in two stream valleys near Arctowski Station, King George Island, Antarctica","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2020.134793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2020.134793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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