Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2021.137147
In this article we investigate diatom assemblages in surface sediments of the subarctic Lake Imandra. We examine taxonomic composition and ecological structure and describe spatial variations of diatoms over the lake area. The diatom flora described here are characterized by abundance of planktonic centric species. The habitats of diatoms in the different stretches of Lake Imandra reflect local environmental conditions and are determined by the type and intensity of the anthropogenic impact. Stephanodiscus minutulus, S. alpinus, Aulacoseira islandica are the most abundant species in the area of the lake affected by industrial effluents and eutrophication, while Pantocsekiella comensis is most typical in the background sites of the lake. Diatoms taxonomic diversity is high in shallow bays where aquatic vegetation is common. Abundance of diatoms in areas affected by anthropogenic eutrophication reflects the high intensity of plankton primary production. Differences in the ecological structure of the diatom assemblages in different parts of Lake Imandra are caused by significant hydrochemical heterogeneity of the water quality.
{"title":"Diatom assemblages in surface sediments of Lake Imandra (Russia, Murmansk region)","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2021.137147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.137147","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we investigate diatom assemblages in surface sediments of the subarctic Lake Imandra. We examine taxonomic composition and ecological structure and describe spatial variations of diatoms over the lake area. The diatom flora described here are characterized by abundance of planktonic centric species. The habitats of diatoms in the different stretches of Lake Imandra reflect local environmental conditions and are determined by the type and intensity of the anthropogenic impact. Stephanodiscus minutulus, S. alpinus, Aulacoseira islandica are the most abundant species in the area of the lake affected by industrial effluents and eutrophication, while Pantocsekiella comensis is most typical in the background sites of the lake. Diatoms taxonomic diversity is high in shallow bays where aquatic vegetation is common. Abundance of diatoms in areas affected by anthropogenic eutrophication reflects the high intensity of plankton primary production. Differences in the ecological structure of the diatom assemblages in different parts of Lake Imandra are caused by significant hydrochemical heterogeneity of the water quality.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2010 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2022.140366
: We used an artificial substratum (plexiglass tiles) to compare diatom communities at three different depths at two sites differing in their hydrological conditions and glacier melt-water influence. Samples at 1 m depth were taken during early summer in 2018, whereas samples at 3 m and 6.5 m were obtained in late summer 2020. The tiles were submerged for a period of up to 45 days in 2018, and up to 34 days in 2020. Water temperature, salinity, conductivity, oxygen saturation and concentrations, and Secchi depth were measured multiple times at both sites. During late summer of 2020 Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) was also measured at depths of 3, 6.5 and 10 m at both sites. A total of 50 taxa constituted the diatom communities. Colonization and community development followed the same scheme at both sites and at all depths, with an early establishment of the dominant taxa, and a decline in species richness, diversity and evenness indices over the time towards relatively stable low values. Based on the results of PERMANOVA, ANOSIM and SIMPER analyses, diatom communities were site-specific, with 49% dissimilarity between the sites. Mechanical disturbances, such as wave action and ice scouring, as well as depth (and light availability) seemed to be the main factors driving the differences. The motile Navicula aff. perminuta dominated under mechanical disturbances at various light conditions, Navicula glaciei preferred calm shallow waters, and erect diatom growth forms were present in higher numbers in deeper waters with deteriorated light conditions.
{"title":"Diatom communities on an artificial substratum at two contrasting sites at South Bay, Livingston Island","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.140366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.140366","url":null,"abstract":": We used an artificial substratum (plexiglass tiles) to compare diatom communities at three different depths at two sites differing in their hydrological conditions and glacier melt-water influence. Samples at 1 m depth were taken during early summer in 2018, whereas samples at 3 m and 6.5 m were obtained in late summer 2020. The tiles were submerged for a period of up to 45 days in 2018, and up to 34 days in 2020. Water temperature, salinity, conductivity, oxygen saturation and concentrations, and Secchi depth were measured multiple times at both sites. During late summer of 2020 Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) was also measured at depths of 3, 6.5 and 10 m at both sites. A total of 50 taxa constituted the diatom communities. Colonization and community development followed the same scheme at both sites and at all depths, with an early establishment of the dominant taxa, and a decline in species richness, diversity and evenness indices over the time towards relatively stable low values. Based on the results of PERMANOVA, ANOSIM and SIMPER analyses, diatom communities were site-specific, with 49% dissimilarity between the sites. Mechanical disturbances, such as wave action and ice scouring, as well as depth (and light availability) seemed to be the main factors driving the differences. The motile Navicula aff. perminuta dominated under mechanical disturbances at various light conditions, Navicula glaciei preferred calm shallow waters, and erect diatom growth forms were present in higher numbers in deeper waters with deteriorated light conditions.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2000 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2023.144543
K. Senderak
: The talus slopes occur in all climatic zones on the Earth. These forms are sensitive to climate fluctuations, therefore they may be indicators of changes in the environment and contain the record of the geomorphological events after the deglaciation period. Both in the past and nowadays, slopes in area of the High Arctic have been developing in the specific conditions of periglacial zone. This is caused by simultaneously occurring different processes of weathering and deposition. The article presents the methodological approach and the results of the sedimentological measurements and geomorphological studies of the eight talus cones located in SW Spitsbergen. The study was conducted in the non-glaciated valley near the Stanislaw Baranowski Polar Station in Spitsbergen. The aim of the investigation was to determine the modern mechanisms of material transport on talus slopes and their impact on relief of slope surface in the polar environment. The obtained results and literature data allowed to indicate four separate zones of talus slope environment and develop a conceptual model for talus slope development in the Brattegg Valley, SW Spitsbergen.
{"title":"Conceptual model for talus slope development in Brattegg Valley (SW Spitsbergen) based on sedimentology of debris deposits in periglacial zone","authors":"K. Senderak","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2023.144543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2023.144543","url":null,"abstract":": The talus slopes occur in all climatic zones on the Earth. These forms are sensitive to climate fluctuations, therefore they may be indicators of changes in the environment and contain the record of the geomorphological events after the deglaciation period. Both in the past and nowadays, slopes in area of the High Arctic have been developing in the specific conditions of periglacial zone. This is caused by simultaneously occurring different processes of weathering and deposition. The article presents the methodological approach and the results of the sedimentological measurements and geomorphological studies of the eight talus cones located in SW Spitsbergen. The study was conducted in the non-glaciated valley near the Stanislaw Baranowski Polar Station in Spitsbergen. The aim of the investigation was to determine the modern mechanisms of material transport on talus slopes and their impact on relief of slope surface in the polar environment. The obtained results and literature data allowed to indicate four separate zones of talus slope environment and develop a conceptual model for talus slope development in the Brattegg Valley, SW Spitsbergen.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2023.144541
Bartosz Korabiewski
: The soils of Arctic regions are of great interest due to their high sensitivity to climate change. Kvartsittsletta coast in the vicinity of the Baranowski Research Station of the University of Wrocław constitutes a sequence of differently aged sea terraces covered with different fractions of beach material. It is a parent material for several developing soil types. Despite the low intensity of the modern soil-forming processes, the soil cover is characterized by high diversity. Soil properties are formed mainly by geological and geomorphological factors, which are superimposed by the influence of climate and living organisms. The degree of development of soil is usually an indicator of its relative age. This article highlights the dominant influence of lithology and microrelief over other soil-forming factors, including the duration for which the parent material was exposed to external factors. The soils on the highest (oldest) terrace steps of the Kvartsittsletta rarely showed deep signs of soil-forming processes other than cryoturbations. On the youngest terraces, deep-reaching effects of soil processes associated with a relatively warm climate, including the occurrence of cambic horizons, were observed. Their presence in Arctic regions carries important environmental information and may be relevant to studies of climate change.
{"title":"Relict and contemporary soils on uplifted marine terraces of Kvartsittsletta, SW Spitsbergen","authors":"Bartosz Korabiewski","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2023.144541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2023.144541","url":null,"abstract":": The soils of Arctic regions are of great interest due to their high sensitivity to climate change. Kvartsittsletta coast in the vicinity of the Baranowski Research Station of the University of Wrocław constitutes a sequence of differently aged sea terraces covered with different fractions of beach material. It is a parent material for several developing soil types. Despite the low intensity of the modern soil-forming processes, the soil cover is characterized by high diversity. Soil properties are formed mainly by geological and geomorphological factors, which are superimposed by the influence of climate and living organisms. The degree of development of soil is usually an indicator of its relative age. This article highlights the dominant influence of lithology and microrelief over other soil-forming factors, including the duration for which the parent material was exposed to external factors. The soils on the highest (oldest) terrace steps of the Kvartsittsletta rarely showed deep signs of soil-forming processes other than cryoturbations. On the youngest terraces, deep-reaching effects of soil processes associated with a relatively warm climate, including the occurrence of cambic horizons, were observed. Their presence in Arctic regions carries important environmental information and may be relevant to studies of climate change.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46153464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2022.143312
M. Jędryczka, B. Żuraw, P. Zagórski, J. Rodzik, Karolina Mędrek, I. Pidek, Weronika Haratym, J. Kaczmarek, M. Sadyś
: Spitsbergen is the largest island in the Svalbard Archipelago (Norway) that has been permanently populated. The harsh Arctic climate prevents development of large vascular plants such as trees. A two-year aerobiological survey was conducted within the framework of two consecutive polar expeditions (2014 and 2015) in Spitsbergen (Calypsobyen, Bellsund). The air quality was measured continuously from June/July to August using a 7-day volumetric air sampler, Tauber trap and moss specimens. Collected air samples and gravimetric pollen deposits were processed following transfer to sterile laboratory conditions and analyzed with the aid of light microscopy. Days when pine pollen grains were detected in the air were selected for further analysis. Clusters of back-trajectories, computed using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model in combination with ArcGIS software as well as the Flextra trajectory model, showed the movement of air masses to the sampling location at Hornsund, and thus indicated the likely origin of pollen grains. The GlobCover 2009 and CORINE Land Cover 2012 datasets were employed to establish the distribution of coniferous forests in the areas
{"title":"The origin of pine pollen grains captured from air at Calypsobyen, Svalbard","authors":"M. Jędryczka, B. Żuraw, P. Zagórski, J. Rodzik, Karolina Mędrek, I. Pidek, Weronika Haratym, J. Kaczmarek, M. Sadyś","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.143312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.143312","url":null,"abstract":": Spitsbergen is the largest island in the Svalbard Archipelago (Norway) that has been permanently populated. The harsh Arctic climate prevents development of large vascular plants such as trees. A two-year aerobiological survey was conducted within the framework of two consecutive polar expeditions (2014 and 2015) in Spitsbergen (Calypsobyen, Bellsund). The air quality was measured continuously from June/July to August using a 7-day volumetric air sampler, Tauber trap and moss specimens. Collected air samples and gravimetric pollen deposits were processed following transfer to sterile laboratory conditions and analyzed with the aid of light microscopy. Days when pine pollen grains were detected in the air were selected for further analysis. Clusters of back-trajectories, computed using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model in combination with ArcGIS software as well as the Flextra trajectory model, showed the movement of air masses to the sampling location at Hornsund, and thus indicated the likely origin of pollen grains. The GlobCover 2009 and CORINE Land Cover 2012 datasets were employed to establish the distribution of coniferous forests in the areas","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68952528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2023.144544
W. Szymański, Adrian Zwolicki
: Seabirds constitute an important link between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, one of its manifestations being the transport of organic matter from the sea to breeding grounds. The main aim of our study was to determine the impact of gregarious and planktivorous little auks on the quantity and chemistry of soil organic matter along the western coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago. Samples from the vicinity of four breeding colonies and respective controls were investigated using the elemental analyzers as well as the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with attenuated total reflection module. The results clearly indicate that soils affected by little auks are characterized by significantly higher content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, water-extractable organic carbon, and water-extractable total nitrogen in comparison with those unaffected by the birds. The size of the local population of little auks appears to be the crucial factor here. The chemistry of soil organic matter in soils affected by little auks is significantly different from that in soils unaffected by the birds. This is associated with fertilization of soils via guano deposition as well as differences in the quantity and quality of vegetation cover related to aforementioned process.
{"title":"Impact of planktivorous little auks ( Alle alle) on soil organic matter in Spitsbergen, High Arctic","authors":"W. Szymański, Adrian Zwolicki","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2023.144544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2023.144544","url":null,"abstract":": Seabirds constitute an important link between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, one of its manifestations being the transport of organic matter from the sea to breeding grounds. The main aim of our study was to determine the impact of gregarious and planktivorous little auks on the quantity and chemistry of soil organic matter along the western coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago. Samples from the vicinity of four breeding colonies and respective controls were investigated using the elemental analyzers as well as the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with attenuated total reflection module. The results clearly indicate that soils affected by little auks are characterized by significantly higher content of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, water-extractable organic carbon, and water-extractable total nitrogen in comparison with those unaffected by the birds. The size of the local population of little auks appears to be the crucial factor here. The chemistry of soil organic matter in soils affected by little auks is significantly different from that in soils unaffected by the birds. This is associated with fertilization of soils via guano deposition as well as differences in the quantity and quality of vegetation cover related to aforementioned process.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2023.144539
Agnieszka Latocha-Wites, K. Parzóch
: Evidence of recent geomorphic processes within debris cones, their spatial distribution and diversification on cones surface are interpreted in the context of contemporary slope morphogenesis. The detailed inventory of relief features on debris cones in the SW Spitsbergen revealed their great spatial diversity. It is linked with a dominance of different morphological processes in adjacent areas. Spatial and temporal diversity of process-relief assemblages on cones is strongly related with local factors, like bedrock lithology, slope aspect and inclination, local circulation and climatic conditions. However, the potential role of debris cones and their topographic features as geoindicators archiving information about the environmental impact of global changes, cannot be explicitly estimated. Local constraints obscure the regional expression of any global trends, which could be detected on the basis of process-relief assemblages on debris cones in polar regions.
{"title":"Can topographic features of debris cones (SW Spitsbergen) be geoindicators of environmental changes?","authors":"Agnieszka Latocha-Wites, K. Parzóch","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2023.144539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2023.144539","url":null,"abstract":": Evidence of recent geomorphic processes within debris cones, their spatial distribution and diversification on cones surface are interpreted in the context of contemporary slope morphogenesis. The detailed inventory of relief features on debris cones in the SW Spitsbergen revealed their great spatial diversity. It is linked with a dominance of different morphological processes in adjacent areas. Spatial and temporal diversity of process-relief assemblages on cones is strongly related with local factors, like bedrock lithology, slope aspect and inclination, local circulation and climatic conditions. However, the potential role of debris cones and their topographic features as geoindicators archiving information about the environmental impact of global changes, cannot be explicitly estimated. Local constraints obscure the regional expression of any global trends, which could be detected on the basis of process-relief assemblages on debris cones in polar regions.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41477989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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