Debolina Chatterjee, Anupam Ghosh, Helena Alexanderson
Stratigraphic sites in north-west Svalbard record at least six significant glacial advances in the last 200 Ky, and sediments deposited under locally high relative sea level during intervening interstadials or interglacials contain abundant benthic foraminifera. We present a biostratigraphic record from the Kongsfjordhallet site in the Kongsfjorden area that covers five high relative sea-level events and stretches back to the Middle Pleistocene (>195 Kya). Five foraminiferal assemblages have been identified: (1) Cassidulina reniforme – Elphidium clavatum — Islandiella helenae; (2) Cassidulina neoteretis – Cassidulina reniforme; (3) Cassidulina reniforme – Cibicides lobatulus – Cassidulina neoteretis; (4) Cibicides lobatulus – Cassidulina reniforme – Elphidium clavatum; and (5) Cassidulina reniforme – Elphidium clavatum assemblages. The assemblages suggest a distal glaciomarine environment with variable influence of seasonal sea ice and nutrient availability in the Kongsfjorden region during the five deglaciation events. The foraminiferal data are also compared with foraminiferal records from other sites in Svalbard and the adjacent Arctic Ocean.
{"title":"Benthic foraminiferal investigations in Middle to Late Quaternary sections of Kongsfjordhallet, north-west Svalbard","authors":"Debolina Chatterjee, Anupam Ghosh, Helena Alexanderson","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.7857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.7857","url":null,"abstract":"Stratigraphic sites in north-west Svalbard record at least six significant glacial advances in the last 200 Ky, and sediments deposited under locally high relative sea level during intervening interstadials or interglacials contain abundant benthic foraminifera. We present a biostratigraphic record from the Kongsfjordhallet site in the Kongsfjorden area that covers five high relative sea-level events and stretches back to the Middle Pleistocene (>195 Kya). Five foraminiferal assemblages have been identified: (1) Cassidulina reniforme – Elphidium clavatum — Islandiella helenae; (2) Cassidulina neoteretis – Cassidulina reniforme; (3) Cassidulina reniforme – Cibicides lobatulus – Cassidulina neoteretis; (4) Cibicides lobatulus – Cassidulina reniforme – Elphidium clavatum; and (5) Cassidulina reniforme – Elphidium clavatum assemblages. The assemblages suggest a distal glaciomarine environment with variable influence of seasonal sea ice and nutrient availability in the Kongsfjorden region during the five deglaciation events. The foraminiferal data are also compared with foraminiferal records from other sites in Svalbard and the adjacent Arctic Ocean.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) are a widespread, highly social deep-diving cetacean species ranging from the sub-tropics to the High Arctic. Information on this species’ life history at higher latitudes is limited. Opportunistic observations of pilot whale calves were made in the spring and summer of 2020, summer of 2022 and spring of 2023 from commercial whale-watching boat trips out of Andenes, on Andøya, about 300 km north of the Arctic Circle, in northern Norway. Eighteen observations were made of long-finned pilot whale groups where 14 neonates and 32 other calves less than one year old were present. Additionally, a neonate with deep foetal folds and a folded-over dorsal fin, indicating very recent birth, was observed within Bleik Canyon on 21 June 2020.
{"title":"Observations of long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) calves less than one year old, including neonates and a very recently born calf, in northern Norway","authors":"Seán A. O'Callaghan","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.8027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.8027","url":null,"abstract":"Long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) are a widespread, highly social deep-diving cetacean species ranging from the sub-tropics to the High Arctic. Information on this species’ life history at higher latitudes is limited. Opportunistic observations of pilot whale calves were made in the spring and summer of 2020, summer of 2022 and spring of 2023 from commercial whale-watching boat trips out of Andenes, on Andøya, about 300 km north of the Arctic Circle, in northern Norway. Eighteen observations were made of long-finned pilot whale groups where 14 neonates and 32 other calves less than one year old were present. Additionally, a neonate with deep foetal folds and a folded-over dorsal fin, indicating very recent birth, was observed within Bleik Canyon on 21 June 2020.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takahito Ikenoue, Kjell Bjørklund, Anders K. Krabberød, Shigeto Nishino, Paul Wassmann
To determine the present-day community composition of siliceous Rhizaria (Radiolaria and Phaeodaria) in Norwegian fjords, plankton tows were conducted in south-western and northern Norwegian fjords in September 2016. The mean total abundance of radiolarians was 306 m–3 in the Sognefjord complex, which was the southern research site, and, in the north, 945 m–3 in Malangen and 89 m–3 in Balsfjord, both above the Arctic Circle. Sticholonche zanclea was the most abundant radiolarian in the Sognefjord complex and Malangen, accounting for 78–100% (mean 89%) of radiolarian abundance. The mean total abundance of phaeodarians was 1554 m–3 in the Sognefjord complex, 51 m–3 in Malangen and 11 m–3 in Balsfjord. Medusetta arcifera was the most abundant phaeodaria in the Sognefjord complex, accounting for >99% of phaeodarian abundance, but was absent in Malangen and Balsfjord, where Protocystis tridens accounted for >96% of phaeodarian abundance. The carbon biomass of S. zanclea and M. arcifera was 188 and 438 µg C m–3, respectively, which is similar to and 8.6 times higher than, respectively, that of phaeodarians >1 mm in the western North Pacific, suggesting that M. arcifera contributes to organic carbon transport in the Sognefjord complex. Amphimelissa setosa (Nassellaria, Radiolaria), which was a dominant species in the study area in 1982–83, was absent in the present study in all sampled fjords. This could have been caused by the approximately 2 °C increase in water temperature that has occurred since 1990 and can be taken as evidence of a climate-change-associated local temperature rise linked to the warming of advected Atlantic Water.
为了确定挪威峡湾硅质根瘤菌(放射菌属和Phaeodaria)的现今群落组成，2016年9月在挪威西南部和北部峡湾进行了浮游生物拖带研究。南区Sognefjord杂群放射虫总丰度平均为306 m - 3，北区Malangen为945 m - 3, Balsfjord为89 m - 3，均位于北极圈以内。Sognefjord杂群和Malangen中放射虫最丰富的是Sticholonche zanclea，占放射虫总丰度的78 ~ 100%(平均89%)。Sognefjord杂群中平均总寄生菌丰度为1554 m-3 Malangen为51 m-3 Balsfjord为11 m-3 Medusetta arcifera 是Sognefjord杂群中最丰富的寄生菌，占寄生菌丰度的99%，而Malangen和Balsfjord中不存在寄生菌，其中tridensprotocystis 占寄生菌丰度的96%。S的碳生物量。zanclea 以及M。分别为188µg C M - 3和438µg C M - 3，与北太平洋西部的phaeodarians的1µg C M - 3相似，高8.6倍。在Sognefjord complex中，arcifera 对有机碳的运输起着重要作用。在1982 - 1983年期间，研究区优势种Amphimelissa setosa (Nassellaria, Radiolaria)在本研究中均未出现。这可能是由自1990年以来水温升高约2°C造成的，并且可以作为与大西洋平流水变暖有关的与气候变化相关的局部温度升高的证据。
{"title":"Radiolaria and Phaeodaria (siliceous Rhizaria) in south-western and northern Norwegian fjords during late summer 2016: dominant species and biomass in shallow-water assemblages","authors":"Takahito Ikenoue, Kjell Bjørklund, Anders K. Krabberød, Shigeto Nishino, Paul Wassmann","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9584","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the present-day community composition of siliceous Rhizaria (Radiolaria and Phaeodaria) in Norwegian fjords, plankton tows were conducted in south-western and northern Norwegian fjords in September 2016. The mean total abundance of radiolarians was 306 m–3 in the Sognefjord complex, which was the southern research site, and, in the north, 945 m–3 in Malangen and 89 m–3 in Balsfjord, both above the Arctic Circle. Sticholonche zanclea was the most abundant radiolarian in the Sognefjord complex and Malangen, accounting for 78–100% (mean 89%) of radiolarian abundance. The mean total abundance of phaeodarians was 1554 m–3 in the Sognefjord complex, 51 m–3 in Malangen and 11 m–3 in Balsfjord. Medusetta arcifera was the most abundant phaeodaria in the Sognefjord complex, accounting for >99% of phaeodarian abundance, but was absent in Malangen and Balsfjord, where Protocystis tridens accounted for >96% of phaeodarian abundance. The carbon biomass of S. zanclea and M. arcifera was 188 and 438 µg C m–3, respectively, which is similar to and 8.6 times higher than, respectively, that of phaeodarians >1 mm in the western North Pacific, suggesting that M. arcifera contributes to organic carbon transport in the Sognefjord complex. Amphimelissa setosa (Nassellaria, Radiolaria), which was a dominant species in the study area in 1982–83, was absent in the present study in all sampled fjords. This could have been caused by the approximately 2 °C increase in water temperature that has occurred since 1990 and can be taken as evidence of a climate-change-associated local temperature rise linked to the warming of advected Atlantic Water.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136131115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Plenzler, K. Piotrowicz, Weronika Rymer, T. Budzik
There are nine year-round and 11 seasonal scientific stations in the South Shetland Islands, an area often visited by cruise ships and sailing yachts. Although this is the warmest part of Antarctica, the weather conditions may be demanding for humans. We analysed the variability of biothermal conditions near Henryk Arctowski Station Polish Antarctic Station, on King George Island, during the period 2013–2021, using the wind chill index (WCI), which combines air temperature and wind speed, to determine thermal sensation. WCI values were interpreted using two cold sensation categorisations. Hourly WCI values were assigned to thermal sensation classes that ranged from “comfortable” to “frosty.” The most favourable biothermal conditions occurred from December to February. The “cold” sensation was dominant in all months, its average occurrence frequency ranging from 56.4% (in January) to 84.4% (in July). From November to March, there was no risk of frostbite to uncovered body parts. Such conditions occurred only from April to October, with a frequency of 0.2–6.8%; biothermal conditions were also the most variable in this period. Maximal WCI hourly values show that dangerous weather conditions may occur throughout the day in June and for most of the day from July to September. An abrupt change in biothermal conditions was more often caused by wind speed change than by air temperature change. The most marked WCI changes occurred from April to September, on average five times per year. Our results indicate that biothermal conditions in the vicinity of Arctowski Station are predominantly favourable for outdoor work only if a person wears proper winter clothing.
{"title":"Variability of biothermal conditions in the vicinity of the Polish Antarctic station in the South Shetlands, West Antarctica","authors":"J. Plenzler, K. Piotrowicz, Weronika Rymer, T. Budzik","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9108","url":null,"abstract":"There are nine year-round and 11 seasonal scientific stations in the South Shetland Islands, an area often visited by cruise ships and sailing yachts. Although this is the warmest part of Antarctica, the weather conditions may be demanding for humans. We analysed the variability of biothermal conditions near Henryk Arctowski Station Polish Antarctic Station, on King George Island, during the period 2013–2021, using the wind chill index (WCI), which combines air temperature and wind speed, to determine thermal sensation. WCI values were interpreted using two cold sensation categorisations. Hourly WCI values were assigned to thermal sensation classes that ranged from “comfortable” to “frosty.” The most favourable biothermal conditions occurred from December to February. The “cold” sensation was dominant in all months, its average occurrence frequency ranging from 56.4% (in January) to 84.4% (in July). From November to March, there was no risk of frostbite to uncovered body parts. Such conditions occurred only from April to October, with a frequency of 0.2–6.8%; biothermal conditions were also the most variable in this period. Maximal WCI hourly values show that dangerous weather conditions may occur throughout the day in June and for most of the day from July to September. An abrupt change in biothermal conditions was more often caused by wind speed change than by air temperature change. The most marked WCI changes occurred from April to September, on average five times per year. Our results indicate that biothermal conditions in the vicinity of Arctowski Station are predominantly favourable for outdoor work only if a person wears proper winter clothing.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42767242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This note reports observations of two moulting emperor penguins ( Aptenodytes forsteri) on Horseshoe Island, West Antarctica, during the Seventh Turkish Antarctic Expedition in February 2023. This is the first time this species has been documented on this island. Emperor penguins largely depend on fast-ice to breed and moult. The Antarctic Peninsula hosts few emperor penguin colonies. Horseshoe Island has become one of the northernmost points along the western Antarctic Peninsula where emperor penguins are documented to moult.
{"title":"First observations of emperor penguins on Horseshoe Island, Antarctica","authors":"Sinan Yi̇rmi̇beşoğlu, Burcu Ozsoy","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9556","url":null,"abstract":"This note reports observations of two moulting emperor penguins ( Aptenodytes forsteri) on Horseshoe Island, West Antarctica, during the Seventh Turkish Antarctic Expedition in February 2023. This is the first time this species has been documented on this island. Emperor penguins largely depend on fast-ice to breed and moult. The Antarctic Peninsula hosts few emperor penguin colonies. Horseshoe Island has become one of the northernmost points along the western Antarctic Peninsula where emperor penguins are documented to moult.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Boertmann, K. Raundrup, J. Nymand, J. Fritt-Rasmussen, Kasper L. Johansen
Bowhead whales (Baleana mysticetus) are usually away from west Greenland waters during summer. Reported here is an observation of at least six bowhead whales in July 2022 in the Uummannaq Fjord system of west Greenland.
{"title":"Observations of bowhead whales in west Greenland during summer","authors":"D. Boertmann, K. Raundrup, J. Nymand, J. Fritt-Rasmussen, Kasper L. Johansen","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9436","url":null,"abstract":"Bowhead whales (Baleana mysticetus) are usually away from west Greenland waters during summer. Reported here is an observation of at least six bowhead whales in July 2022 in the Uummannaq Fjord system of west Greenland.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45096623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Footsteps in the snow, by John Dudeney (2022). Dunbeath, Scotland: Whittles Publishing. 256 pp. ISBN: 978-184995-539-3.","authors":"O. Orheim","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48396301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Arctic expedition: a supposedly useful thing I’ll never do again","authors":"M. V. van Soest","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louise Boyd (1887–1972) was a female pioneer in Arctic research whose legacy includes the exploration of north-east Greenland. In this Perspective piece, we use a broad interdisciplinary approach to investigate her career as a photographer and expedition leader. When documenting glacial retreat during the 1930s, she was at the forefront of the development of glaciology as a research discipline. Without family obligations and with seemingly inexhaustible financial resources, she used Arctic exploration to create an independent and self-defined life for herself.
Louise Boyd（1887-1972）是北极研究的女性先驱，她的遗产包括对格陵兰东北部的探索。在这篇透视文章中，我们使用了广泛的跨学科方法来调查她作为摄影师和探险队队长的职业生涯。在记录20世纪30年代冰川退缩时，她处于冰川学作为一门研究学科发展的前沿。在没有家庭义务和看似取之不尽的经济资源的情况下，她利用北极探险为自己创造了独立和自我定义的生活。
{"title":"The Queen of the Arctic: Louise Arner Boyd","authors":"E. Isaksson, A. Ryall","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9075","url":null,"abstract":"Louise Boyd (1887–1972) was a female pioneer in Arctic research whose legacy includes the exploration of north-east Greenland. In this Perspective piece, we use a broad interdisciplinary approach to investigate her career as a photographer and expedition leader. When documenting glacial retreat during the 1930s, she was at the forefront of the development of glaciology as a research discipline. Without family obligations and with seemingly inexhaustible financial resources, she used Arctic exploration to create an independent and self-defined life for herself.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Expedition relics from High Arctic Greenland—eight decades of exploration history told through 102 objects, by Peter R. Dawes (2023). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. 500 pp. ISBN 987 87 635 46867.","authors":"Per Kyrre Reymert","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48437708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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