Top predators may adapt their diets to changes in prey availability where human-induced environmental changes are intense. This long-term study of the breeding-season diet of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Strandzha Mountains analyzed shifts in diet caused by the population decline in principal prey species, the tortoises (Testudo hermanni and T. graeca). Tortoises comprised 50.0% of the eagle diet by prey number in the 1990s, but that share collapsed to 5.8% in 2014–2021. During this later interval, Golden Eagles preyed more intensively on lighter-weight prey such as Northern White-breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus, an increrase of 28.2% by number) and Edible Dormouse (Glis glis, an increase of 14.9% by number). Hedgehogs predominated in the diet of an individual eagle nest site for the first time in 1998 and became the principal prey in 2014–2021. Differences in food niche breadth and proportions of mesopredators between tortoise- and hedgehog-dominated individual annual diets were not significant, corresponding to a low level of food stress. The only eagle with an annual diet dominated by Squamata (snakes and lizards) was an exception, having the widest food niche. Young domestic ungulates have almost completely disappeared from eagle diets at the same as the reduction of tortoises, corresponding to a concurrent decline of livestock farming. The results obtained here have relevance to conservation management of both predator and prey populations.
{"title":"Diet shifting of tortoise-eating Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in southeastern Bulgaria","authors":"Boyan Milchev","doi":"10.51812/of.121253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51812/of.121253","url":null,"abstract":"Top predators may adapt their diets to changes in prey availability where human-induced environmental changes are intense. This long-term study of the breeding-season diet of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Strandzha Mountains analyzed shifts in diet caused by the population decline in principal prey species, the tortoises (Testudo hermanni and T. graeca). Tortoises comprised 50.0% of the eagle diet by prey number in the 1990s, but that share collapsed to 5.8% in 2014–2021. During this later interval, Golden Eagles preyed more intensively on lighter-weight prey such as Northern White-breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus, an increrase of 28.2% by number) and Edible Dormouse (Glis glis, an increase of 14.9% by number). Hedgehogs predominated in the diet of an individual eagle nest site for the first time in 1998 and became the principal prey in 2014–2021. Differences in food niche breadth and proportions of mesopredators between tortoise- and hedgehog-dominated individual annual diets were not significant, corresponding to a low level of food stress. The only eagle with an annual diet dominated by Squamata (snakes and lizards) was an exception, having the widest food niche. Young domestic ungulates have almost completely disappeared from eagle diets at the same as the reduction of tortoises, corresponding to a concurrent decline of livestock farming. The results obtained here have relevance to conservation management of both predator and prey populations.","PeriodicalId":49718,"journal":{"name":"Ornis Fennica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many vocalisations of songbirds are sexually selected and socially learnt behavioural traits that are subject to cultural evolution. For cultural inheritance, it is required that individuals imitate the song elements and build them into their repertoire, but little is known about how such learning mechanisms take place in natural populations of birds with large repertoire size. Using a Hungarian population of the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) as a model, we tested how often adult males can build new song elements (artificially modified or originated from distant populations) into their repertoire during mating season by using a playback approach. We predicted that when individuals incorporate new elements into their repertoire, the formerly unfamiliar elements from the playback songs would be recovered in the recorded songs of the focal males. We performed a teaching procedure with 26 males, in which we played back song sequences containing three artificially modified and three foreign syllables for each male. We recorded the song of the focal males twice a day for 2–6 days long. Then, we applied a thorough search based on a combined automatic and manual identification method to detect the tutorial syllables in the recorded songs. We found one foreign syllable type in the recordings from one male which indicates that male collared flycatchers may learn new syllable types in the courtship season. As our study has some limits, we highlight some general challenges concerning the use of playback approaches in the field for demonstrating the incidences of learning of particular song elements.
{"title":"Tutoring new song elements to male birds in the wild","authors":"Éva Vaskuti, Sándor Zsebők, L. Garamszegi","doi":"10.51812/of.120666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51812/of.120666","url":null,"abstract":"Many vocalisations of songbirds are sexually selected and socially learnt behavioural traits that are subject to cultural evolution. For cultural inheritance, it is required that individuals imitate the song elements and build them into their repertoire, but little is known about how such learning mechanisms take place in natural populations of birds with large repertoire size. Using a Hungarian population of the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) as a model, we tested how often adult males can build new song elements (artificially modified or originated from distant populations) into their repertoire during mating season by using a playback approach. We predicted that when individuals incorporate new elements into their repertoire, the formerly unfamiliar elements from the playback songs would be recovered in the recorded songs of the focal males. We performed a teaching procedure with 26 males, in which we played back song sequences containing three artificially modified and three foreign syllables for each male. We recorded the song of the focal males twice a day for 2–6 days long. Then, we applied a thorough search based on a combined automatic and manual identification method to detect the tutorial syllables in the recorded songs. We found one foreign syllable type in the recordings from one male which indicates that male collared flycatchers may learn new syllable types in the courtship season. As our study has some limits, we highlight some general challenges concerning the use of playback approaches in the field for demonstrating the incidences of learning of particular song elements.","PeriodicalId":49718,"journal":{"name":"Ornis Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46865483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human development around the globe has led to great expansion of the Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus), which has implications for local wildlife and especially ground-breeding birds. In this study, we analyse the colonisation and persistence of rats on small islets important to breeding waterbirds in a Danish fjord, and investigate the effect of rat presence on the number of breeding pairs of eight waterbird species. The islets had an annual rat colonisation probability of 6% and an annual rat population persistence rate of 65% (equalling an annual population survival rate of 62% when adjusting for re-colonisations upon extinctions). Contrary to our hypotheses, rat colonisation and persistence was uncorrelated with islet size, distance from the mainland and the presence of shrub cover. Rat presence had a significant negative effect on the number of breeding pairs of four waterbird species, including Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta, reduced to 30% compared to years without rats), Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus, reduced to 45%) and Common Tern (Sterna hirundo, reduced to 52%). The smaller bird species in particular seemed to be affected by the presence of rats, and control efforts aimed at reducing rat presence on important breeding bird islets may consequently have a positive effect on the occurrence and breeding success of these species. We found no evidence of birds acting on a memory of where rats had been present in the previous year, and further research is needed to investigate the precise mechanisms behind the recorded negative effects in the contemporary year, i.e. how do prospecting as well as settled breeders detect and behaviourally respond to the presence of rats.
全球范围内的人类发展导致褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）的大量繁殖，这对当地野生动物，尤其是地面繁殖鸟类产生了影响。在这项研究中，我们分析了大鼠在丹麦峡湾中对水鸟繁殖很重要的小岛上的定居和持久性，并研究了大鼠的存在对八种水鸟繁殖配对数量的影响。这些小岛的年大鼠定植概率为6%，年大鼠种群持续率为65%（在对物种灭绝后的再定植进行调整时，相当于62%的年种群存活率）。与我们的假设相反，大鼠的定居和持久性与胰岛大小、与大陆的距离和灌木覆盖的存在无关。大鼠的存在对四种水鸟的繁殖配对数量产生了显著的负面影响，包括Avocet（与没有大鼠的年份相比，Avocett的繁殖配对减少到30%）、Black head Gull（Chroicocephalus ridibundus，减少到45%）和Common Tern（Sterna hirundo，减少到52%）。较小的鸟类似乎尤其受到老鼠的影响，因此，旨在减少老鼠在重要繁殖鸟类小岛上的存在的控制措施可能会对这些物种的发生和繁殖成功产生积极影响。我们没有发现任何证据表明鸟类对前一年老鼠出现的位置有记忆，需要进一步的研究来调查当代记录的负面影响背后的确切机制，即探矿者和定居饲养者如何检测老鼠的存在并对其做出行为反应。
{"title":"Occurrence of rats and their impacts on colonial waterbirds in a Danish fjord","authors":"T. Bregnballe, P. Sunde, Kevin Kuhlmann Clausen","doi":"10.51812/of.120259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51812/of.120259","url":null,"abstract":"Human development around the globe has led to great expansion of the Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus), which has implications for local wildlife and especially ground-breeding birds. In this study, we analyse the colonisation and persistence of rats on small islets important to breeding waterbirds in a Danish fjord, and investigate the effect of rat presence on the number of breeding pairs of eight waterbird species. The islets had an annual rat colonisation probability of 6% and an annual rat population persistence rate of 65% (equalling an annual population survival rate of 62% when adjusting for re-colonisations upon extinctions). Contrary to our hypotheses, rat colonisation and persistence was uncorrelated with islet size, distance from the mainland and the presence of shrub cover. Rat presence had a significant negative effect on the number of breeding pairs of four waterbird species, including Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta, reduced to 30% compared to years without rats), Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus, reduced to 45%) and Common Tern (Sterna hirundo, reduced to 52%). The smaller bird species in particular seemed to be affected by the presence of rats, and control efforts aimed at reducing rat presence on important breeding bird islets may consequently have a positive effect on the occurrence and breeding success of these species. We found no evidence of birds acting on a memory of where rats had been present in the previous year, and further research is needed to investigate the precise mechanisms behind the recorded negative effects in the contemporary year, i.e. how do prospecting as well as settled breeders detect and behaviourally respond to the presence of rats.","PeriodicalId":49718,"journal":{"name":"Ornis Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47436761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Heldbjerg, A. D. Fox, T. Balsby, P. V. Thellesen
Night-brooding of nestlings in cavity-nesting avian species carries predation risks to parents. Anecdotally, several species are known to shift from constant adult night-brooding behaviour to leaving nestlings unattended at night during offspring development but the timing, speed of change and sex-specific differences between parents, and the factors shaping this behaviour have rarely been described. Moreover, the location and nature of night roosts used by adults whilst provisioning nestlings has received little research attention. We studied breeding Common Starlings Sturnus vulgaris and hypothesised that, in such a cavity-nesting species, 1) nestlings would only be night-brooded until they achieved thermal independence, 2) since the species is frequently polygynous, female parents would most likely exclusively night-brood offspring despite provisioning by both sexes and 3) night-brooding would be more likely during nights with lowest temperatures. Nightly video recordings throughout the nestling phase at eight Starling nests together with data from 18 Starlings fitted with GPS-loggers during 26 nights provided support for hypotheses 1) and 2), while we found no support for hypothesis 3). All tagged male Starlings always roosted far from the nesting site (up to 8 km) independent of nestling age; all females brooded nestlings, usually up to the first seven-nine days after hatching (when the nestlings achieve thermoregulation), but roosted with males after day 10, when all tagged Starlings from the same nesting ‘colony’ roosted together. These results confirm differential sex-related parental effort in provisioning Starlings, suggesting females only night-brood until young achieve homeothermy.
{"title":"Night-brooding behaviour in provisioning cavity-nesting birds is a trade-off between adult predation risk and nestling thermoregulation needs","authors":"H. Heldbjerg, A. D. Fox, T. Balsby, P. V. Thellesen","doi":"10.51812/of.117871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51812/of.117871","url":null,"abstract":"Night-brooding of nestlings in cavity-nesting avian species carries predation risks to parents. Anecdotally, several species are known to shift from constant adult night-brooding behaviour to leaving nestlings unattended at night during offspring development but the timing, speed of change and sex-specific differences between parents, and the factors shaping this behaviour have rarely been described. Moreover, the location and nature of night roosts used by adults whilst provisioning nestlings has received little research attention. We studied breeding Common Starlings Sturnus vulgaris and hypothesised that, in such a cavity-nesting species, 1) nestlings would only be night-brooded until they achieved thermal independence, 2) since the species is frequently polygynous, female parents would most likely exclusively night-brood offspring despite provisioning by both sexes and 3) night-brooding would be more likely during nights with lowest temperatures. Nightly video recordings throughout the nestling phase at eight Starling nests together with data from 18 Starlings fitted with GPS-loggers during 26 nights provided support for hypotheses 1) and 2), while we found no support for hypothesis 3). All tagged male Starlings always roosted far from the nesting site (up to 8 km) independent of nestling age; all females brooded nestlings, usually up to the first seven-nine days after hatching (when the nestlings achieve thermoregulation), but roosted with males after day 10, when all tagged Starlings from the same nesting ‘colony’ roosted together. These results confirm differential sex-related parental effort in provisioning Starlings, suggesting females only night-brood until young achieve homeothermy.","PeriodicalId":49718,"journal":{"name":"Ornis Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48545719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The intention of the study was to determine whether male Black-throated Divers (Gavia arctica) can be distinguished individually by their vocalization. The songs of 19 male Black-throated Divers (BTDs) were recorded in their territories in the same lake area in 2018–2021 in Finland. The songs were recorded in one year in nine territories and in 2–4 consecutive years in ten territories. The song consists of one introductory phrase and one or more repeat phrases. Seventeen variables were measured from the spectrograms of the introductory phrase and the first repeat phrase. These variables included the frequencies and duration of different parts of the spectrogram. The discriminant analyses were used to examine the recognition of individual BTDs based on the spectral analysis of the male yodels (n = 297) in different territories (n = 19). The discriminant analysis showed that when using 14 of the variables of the yodels, the discriminant analysis classified the yodels to correct territories at a rate of almost 98% based on the cross-validation of all data. This suggests that the same individuals defend their territory from year to year.
{"title":"Individual variation in song of Black-throated Divers (Gavia arctica)","authors":"Pekka Lehtonen, J. Lappalainen","doi":"10.51812/of.117869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51812/of.117869","url":null,"abstract":"The intention of the study was to determine whether male Black-throated Divers (Gavia arctica) can be distinguished individually by their vocalization. The songs of 19 male Black-throated Divers (BTDs) were recorded in their territories in the same lake area in 2018–2021 in Finland. The songs were recorded in one year in nine territories and in 2–4 consecutive years in ten territories. The song consists of one introductory phrase and one or more repeat phrases. Seventeen variables were measured from the spectrograms of the introductory phrase and the first repeat phrase. These variables included the frequencies and duration of different parts of the spectrogram. The discriminant analyses were used to examine the recognition of individual BTDs based on the spectral analysis of the male yodels (n = 297) in different territories (n = 19). The discriminant analysis showed that when using 14 of the variables of the yodels, the discriminant analysis classified the yodels to correct territories at a rate of almost 98% based on the cross-validation of all data. This suggests that the same individuals defend their territory from year to year.","PeriodicalId":49718,"journal":{"name":"Ornis Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48747953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many seabird populations suffer heavily from the destruction of nests by generalist predators. In this study, we analyzed 16 years of data (2005–2020) on the reproductive output of the northern Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus fuscus) at Horsvær, the largest assemblage of this subspecies in Norway (up to ca. 400 pairs), in relation to the occurrence of breeding Ravens (Corvus corax). A pair of Ravens were firstly discovered at Horsvær in 2010, and between 2011 and 2016 they were observed with broods (2–5 fledglings) in most years. Between 2017 and 2020, human intervention prevented the Ravens from breeding in the colony. However, in 2020 a pair of Ravens brought their fledglings over from a neighboring island in the middle of the incubation period for the gulls. On average, the nest predation rate was 43% when Ravens had fledglings within the study area. In contrast, only 10% of nests were depredated in years when Ravens did not reproduce successfully or were absent. Moreover, only 0.07 fledglings were on average produced per nest in years when Ravens bred successfully, compared to 0.71 fledglings per nest in years with no Raven reproduction. A high level of nest predation led to a decline in the number of nesting gulls, which was not observed in a neighboring Raven-free colony. Finally, in years with high Raven predation at Horsvær, production of fledglings was still high in yet another nearby Lesser Black-backed Gull colony. The Ravens were established at Horsvær in the absence of people in the spring, and the only option to save these threatened gulls may be to prevent the Ravens from nesting successfully in or near their colonies.
{"title":"Reproductive success of threatened northern Lesser Black Backed Gulls (Larus fuscus fuscus) in relation to nest predation by Ravens (Corvus corax)","authors":"J. O. Bustnes, M. Helberg, Bård‐Jørgen Bårdsen","doi":"10.51812/of.115081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51812/of.115081","url":null,"abstract":"Many seabird populations suffer heavily from the destruction of nests by generalist predators. In this study, we analyzed 16 years of data (2005–2020) on the reproductive output of the northern Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus fuscus) at Horsvær, the largest assemblage of this subspecies in Norway (up to ca. 400 pairs), in relation to the occurrence of breeding Ravens (Corvus corax). A pair of Ravens were firstly discovered at Horsvær in 2010, and between 2011 and 2016 they were observed with broods (2–5 fledglings) in most years. Between 2017 and 2020, human intervention prevented the Ravens from breeding in the colony. However, in 2020 a pair of Ravens brought their fledglings over from a neighboring island in the middle of the incubation period for the gulls. On average, the nest predation rate was 43% when Ravens had fledglings within the study area. In contrast, only 10% of nests were depredated in years when Ravens did not reproduce successfully or were absent. Moreover, only 0.07 fledglings were on average produced per nest in years when Ravens bred successfully, compared to 0.71 fledglings per nest in years with no Raven reproduction. A high level of nest predation led to a decline in the number of nesting gulls, which was not observed in a neighboring Raven-free colony. Finally, in years with high Raven predation at Horsvær, production of fledglings was still high in yet another nearby Lesser Black-backed Gull colony. The Ravens were established at Horsvær in the absence of people in the spring, and the only option to save these threatened gulls may be to prevent the Ravens from nesting successfully in or near their colonies.","PeriodicalId":49718,"journal":{"name":"Ornis Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different elements of weather, such as wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and temperature are very important regulators of bird migration. Weather conditions also play role on the body condition such as body mass and the deposited fat. In this study we selected four warbler species to examine the impact of different weather variables on their spring and autumn migration timing and their body condition in one of the most extreme weather areas of the Earth, at Lake Baikal in Siberia. We also studied the changes in body mass and fat reserves during the spring and autumn migration periods of these species. For the analyses, we used ringing data of 2471 birds from five spring and five autumn seasons during 2015–2019. According to our results, it can be stated that the weather did not have a significant association with the migration timing of the studied warblers, perhaps due to the geographical location of the study site. However, the body mass and the fat reserves of the birds increased during unsuitable weather conditions because of the increased energy requirements. Birds generally migrate with low fat reserves, which is due to the fact that this area is not an important stopover site for these species.
{"title":"Association of weather variables with the migration phenology and body conditions of Siberian warblers","authors":"L. Bozó, Y. Anisimov, T. Csörgő","doi":"10.51812/of.113447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51812/of.113447","url":null,"abstract":"Different elements of weather, such as wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and temperature are very important regulators of bird migration. Weather conditions also play role on the body condition such as body mass and the deposited fat. In this study we selected four warbler species to examine the impact of different weather variables on their spring and autumn migration timing and their body condition in one of the most extreme weather areas of the Earth, at Lake Baikal in Siberia. We also studied the changes in body mass and fat reserves during the spring and autumn migration periods of these species. For the analyses, we used ringing data of 2471 birds from five spring and five autumn seasons during 2015–2019. According to our results, it can be stated that the weather did not have a significant association with the migration timing of the studied warblers, perhaps due to the geographical location of the study site. However, the body mass and the fat reserves of the birds increased during unsuitable weather conditions because of the increased energy requirements. Birds generally migrate with low fat reserves, which is due to the fact that this area is not an important stopover site for these species.","PeriodicalId":49718,"journal":{"name":"Ornis Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45531353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Jiguet, R. Arlettaz, H. Bauer, V. Belik, J. Copete, Laurent Couzi, Michel Alexandre Czajkowski, S. Dale, V. Dombrovski, J. Elts, Y. Ferrand, Regis Hargues, G. Kirwan, S. Minkevicius, M. Piha, G. Selstam, M. Skierczyǹski, J. Siblet, A. Sokolov
Following recent updates proposed by BirdLife International and further updates across Europe gathered in the context of a continent-wide study of the migration strategy of the species, we propose ...
{"title":"An update of the European breeding population sizes and trends of the Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana)","authors":"F. Jiguet, R. Arlettaz, H. Bauer, V. Belik, J. Copete, Laurent Couzi, Michel Alexandre Czajkowski, S. Dale, V. Dombrovski, J. Elts, Y. Ferrand, Regis Hargues, G. Kirwan, S. Minkevicius, M. Piha, G. Selstam, M. Skierczyǹski, J. Siblet, A. Sokolov","doi":"10.7892/BORIS.93811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7892/BORIS.93811","url":null,"abstract":"Following recent updates proposed by BirdLife International and further updates across Europe gathered in the context of a continent-wide study of the migration strategy of the species, we propose ...","PeriodicalId":49718,"journal":{"name":"Ornis Fennica","volume":"93 1","pages":"186-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71358621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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