Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3561
Kevin Parker, John Ewen, John Innes, Emily Weiser, A. Rayne, T. Steeves, Philip Seddon, Lynn Adams, N. Forsdick, M. Maitland, Troy Makan, Denise Martini, E. Parlato, Kate Richardson, Zoe Stone, Doug Armstrong
{"title":"Conservation translocations of fauna in Aotearoa New Zealand: a review","authors":"Kevin Parker, John Ewen, John Innes, Emily Weiser, A. Rayne, T. Steeves, Philip Seddon, Lynn Adams, N. Forsdick, M. Maitland, Troy Makan, Denise Martini, E. Parlato, Kate Richardson, Zoe Stone, Doug Armstrong","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3558
Carolyn King
: The official Predator Free New Zealand programme launched in 2016 is based on a hugely inspiring, aspirational ambition to eradicate all invasive rodents (rats Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus but not mice Mus musculus ), mustelids (stoat Mustela erminea , ferret M. furo and weasel M. nivalis ) and possums ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) from throughout New Zealand by 2050. Others had already been doing predator control for years, but this campaign has caught the public imagination as no previous operation ever has. It is achieving some impressive results at local scales, to well-deserved acclaim. But its underlying philosophical world view is less often discussed, which, I argue, poses a risk to its prospects of long-term, national-scale public support. World views matter much more than we usually recognise because they determine the questions we ask and the answers we consider reasonable. The history of environmental management in New Zealand offers some thought-provoking examples of programme managers unconsciously committed to unhelpful world views. Some overlook hidden assumptions, e.g. that top-down methods of imposing artificial mortality can exceed the high natural mortality of resilient pest species such as rats, stoats, rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ), or deer ( Cervus elaphus ). Some ask the wrong questions, such as how to find better ways to kill pests rather than how to reduce the numbers to be killed, which is usually controlled by food supplies from the bottom up. Some favour the wrong conclusion, such as when an observed change in pest numbers or distribution is attributed to suppression by artificial means even when the natural means are unknown. The philosophy of reasoning suggests that the PF2050 programme could best be considered as a game of two halves. First, short-term prevention of damage to native values by existing top-down suppression that cannot eradicate pest populations but can at least protect the most vulnerable native fauna until we can think of better means to save them. Second, long-term removal of pest populations by supplementing suppression with unknown future methods of minimising pest fertility and immigration.
{"title":"Asking the right questions about Predator Free New Zealand","authors":"Carolyn King","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3558","url":null,"abstract":": The official Predator Free New Zealand programme launched in 2016 is based on a hugely inspiring, aspirational ambition to eradicate all invasive rodents (rats Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus but not mice Mus musculus ), mustelids (stoat Mustela erminea , ferret M. furo and weasel M. nivalis ) and possums ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) from throughout New Zealand by 2050. Others had already been doing predator control for years, but this campaign has caught the public imagination as no previous operation ever has. It is achieving some impressive results at local scales, to well-deserved acclaim. But its underlying philosophical world view is less often discussed, which, I argue, poses a risk to its prospects of long-term, national-scale public support. World views matter much more than we usually recognise because they determine the questions we ask and the answers we consider reasonable. The history of environmental management in New Zealand offers some thought-provoking examples of programme managers unconsciously committed to unhelpful world views. Some overlook hidden assumptions, e.g. that top-down methods of imposing artificial mortality can exceed the high natural mortality of resilient pest species such as rats, stoats, rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ), or deer ( Cervus elaphus ). Some ask the wrong questions, such as how to find better ways to kill pests rather than how to reduce the numbers to be killed, which is usually controlled by food supplies from the bottom up. Some favour the wrong conclusion, such as when an observed change in pest numbers or distribution is attributed to suppression by artificial means even when the natural means are unknown. The philosophy of reasoning suggests that the PF2050 programme could best be considered as a game of two halves. First, short-term prevention of damage to native values by existing top-down suppression that cannot eradicate pest populations but can at least protect the most vulnerable native fauna until we can think of better means to save them. Second, long-term removal of pest populations by supplementing suppression with unknown future methods of minimising pest fertility and immigration.","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3560
Peter Doyle, Philip Seddon, Yolanda van Heezik
{"title":"The relationship between Rattus rattus trap capture rates and microhabitat in Mt Aspiring National Park","authors":"Peter Doyle, Philip Seddon, Yolanda van Heezik","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3557
John Leathwick, Amy Whitehead, Nicholas Singers, Elizabeth Daly
.
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{"title":"Establishing an evidence-based framework for the systematic conservation of New Zealand’s terrestrial ecosystems","authors":"John Leathwick, Amy Whitehead, Nicholas Singers, Elizabeth Daly","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3557","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3559
E. Cieraad, Bridgette Farnworth
: Artificial light at night (ALAN) exposes many organisms to increased night-time radiance and disrupts natural cycles that have cued the physiology and ecology of plants and animals throughout their evolutionary history. Here, we use satellite data to quantify spatiotemporal trends of ALAN in Aotearoa New Zealand between 2012–2021 and review the literature of the ecological impacts of ALAN. Our results show that the night-time light environment is changing rapidly in Aotearoa New Zealand: while the vast majority (95.2%) of the country had no direct emissions of ALAN, the lit surface area increased by 37.4% (from 3.0% to 4.2%) between 2012 and 2021. A total of 4694 km 2 of the country experienced increased brightness (median increase of 87%) over the decade. In contrast, 886 km 2 became less bright (median decrease 33%), mainly in urban centres where absolute brightness remains high. Our estimated increases in ALAN extent and brightness are underestimates as satellite imagery does not capture sky glow, nor the full extent of the light spectrum emitted by increasingly common light emitting diodes. Impacts of ALAN on the flora and fauna of Aotearoa New Zealand were identified from 39 pieces of literature, with most focussing on behavioural responses in avifauna, mammals, and insects. ALAN is an understudied environmental pollutant, as > 31% of the records described general observations rather than experimental or observational studies and literature describing impacts on groups including herpetofauna and marine mammals was absent
{"title":"Lighting trends reveal state of the dark sky cloak: light at night and its ecological impacts in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"E. Cieraad, Bridgette Farnworth","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3559","url":null,"abstract":": Artificial light at night (ALAN) exposes many organisms to increased night-time radiance and disrupts natural cycles that have cued the physiology and ecology of plants and animals throughout their evolutionary history. Here, we use satellite data to quantify spatiotemporal trends of ALAN in Aotearoa New Zealand between 2012–2021 and review the literature of the ecological impacts of ALAN. Our results show that the night-time light environment is changing rapidly in Aotearoa New Zealand: while the vast majority (95.2%) of the country had no direct emissions of ALAN, the lit surface area increased by 37.4% (from 3.0% to 4.2%) between 2012 and 2021. A total of 4694 km 2 of the country experienced increased brightness (median increase of 87%) over the decade. In contrast, 886 km 2 became less bright (median decrease 33%), mainly in urban centres where absolute brightness remains high. Our estimated increases in ALAN extent and brightness are underestimates as satellite imagery does not capture sky glow, nor the full extent of the light spectrum emitted by increasingly common light emitting diodes. Impacts of ALAN on the flora and fauna of Aotearoa New Zealand were identified from 39 pieces of literature, with most focussing on behavioural responses in avifauna, mammals, and insects. ALAN is an understudied environmental pollutant, as > 31% of the records described general observations rather than experimental or observational studies and literature describing impacts on groups including herpetofauna and marine mammals was absent","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"20 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3556
Pablo Tortosa, Kate McInnes, Colin O'Donnell, Moira Pryde, Yann Gomard, C. Lebarbenchon, Robert Poulin
{"title":"Coronavirus shedding in New Zealand bats: insights and future perspectives","authors":"Pablo Tortosa, Kate McInnes, Colin O'Donnell, Moira Pryde, Yann Gomard, C. Lebarbenchon, Robert Poulin","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3556","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"37 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3550
Alistair Glen, Sarah Edwards, Susanna Finlay-Smits, Chris Jones, Chris Niebuhr, Grant Norbury, Araceli Samaniego
: Cats ( Felis catus ) are among the most damaging invasive predators in the world, and their impacts in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) are particularly severe. However, unlike the invasive predators that are targeted for eradication under the Predator Free NZ initiative, cats are also highly valued by people and therefore will likely remain widespread in NZ for the foreseeable future. This raises the question of how to manage the impacts of cats, which include predation, competition, and disease affecting native species, livestock, and humans. Appropriate management actions will depend on land use (e.g. urban areas vs wilderness), the values to be protected (e.g. wildlife, human health), as well as safety, humaneness, social acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. We review current knowledge on the impacts and management of cats in NZ and overseas, identify knowledge gaps preventing effective management, and suggest approaches for research to address these gaps. Our suggested research priorities include: (1) improved methods for monitoring cats and their impacts on natural, social and economic values, (2) development of humane, effective, and socially acceptable methods to manage the impacts of cats, (3) engagement with cat owners to improve outcomes for cats, people, and the environment, and (4) investigating potential indirect ecological effects of cat control, such as ecological release of prey or competitors.
{"title":"Management of cats in Aotearoa New Zealand: a review of current knowledge and research needs","authors":"Alistair Glen, Sarah Edwards, Susanna Finlay-Smits, Chris Jones, Chris Niebuhr, Grant Norbury, Araceli Samaniego","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3550","url":null,"abstract":": Cats ( Felis catus ) are among the most damaging invasive predators in the world, and their impacts in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) are particularly severe. However, unlike the invasive predators that are targeted for eradication under the Predator Free NZ initiative, cats are also highly valued by people and therefore will likely remain widespread in NZ for the foreseeable future. This raises the question of how to manage the impacts of cats, which include predation, competition, and disease affecting native species, livestock, and humans. Appropriate management actions will depend on land use (e.g. urban areas vs wilderness), the values to be protected (e.g. wildlife, human health), as well as safety, humaneness, social acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. We review current knowledge on the impacts and management of cats in NZ and overseas, identify knowledge gaps preventing effective management, and suggest approaches for research to address these gaps. Our suggested research priorities include: (1) improved methods for monitoring cats and their impacts on natural, social and economic values, (2) development of humane, effective, and socially acceptable methods to manage the impacts of cats, (3) engagement with cat owners to improve outcomes for cats, people, and the environment, and (4) investigating potential indirect ecological effects of cat control, such as ecological release of prey or competitors.","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"5 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136228238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3552
Giorgia Vattiato, Rachelle Binny, Sam Davidson, Andrea Byrom, Dean Anderson, Michael Plank, Joanna Carpenter, Alex James
: Management of invasive mammal pests plays an integral role in the conservation of New Zealand’s native flora and fauna. Models fitted to pest capture data can guide conservation managers by providing estimates of pest densities within a management area, or probabilities of absence for declaring local eradication. A key parameter of these models is the detectability, i
{"title":"Detectability of ten invasive mammal pests in New Zealand: a synthesis of spatial detection parameters","authors":"Giorgia Vattiato, Rachelle Binny, Sam Davidson, Andrea Byrom, Dean Anderson, Michael Plank, Joanna Carpenter, Alex James","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3552","url":null,"abstract":": Management of invasive mammal pests plays an integral role in the conservation of New Zealand’s native flora and fauna. Models fitted to pest capture data can guide conservation managers by providing estimates of pest densities within a management area, or probabilities of absence for declaring local eradication. A key parameter of these models is the detectability, i","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"5 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136228239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3551
Aaron Bertoia, Tara Murray, Bruce Robertson, Joanna Monks
: Understanding when a species is active in its’ environment is essential when designing inventory and monitoring protocols, especially for ectotherms whose activity depends on local weather conditions. The New Zealand alpine zone hosts a diverse native assemblage of invertebrates that are poorly understood yet likely to face an increasing number of threats, particularly associated with climate change and the range expansion of introduced pests. Large-bodied flightless invertebrates are particularily vulnerable to introduced predators, like mice and stoats, which have decimated native species at lower elevations. Using trail cameras, we aimed to understand what conditions and times of the summer field season (spring–autumn) are optimal for monitoring large-bodied alpine invertebrates in the Homer and Gertrude valleys, Fiordland, New Zealand, from late austral spring to late autumn (2020/2021). Beetles (Coleoptera), wētā (Orthoptera), and spiders (Araneae) were the three most common taxonomic groups detected at our sites. The activity of all three groups was significantly influenced by mean hourly temperature. Ninety-five per cent of beetle observations occurred when temperatures ranged from 5.9–12.6°C, while 95% of wētā observations occurred when temperatures were between 6.0–12.6°C. Spiders were active across a broader range of temperatures, with 95% of observations occurring when ground temperatures were between 5.4–13.0°C. The activity of all three groups was also influenced by the time of year. Beetles were observed more often in late spring, wētā in early summer, and spiders in mid-summer. The activity of spiders and beetles, but not wētā, was negatively correlated with precipitation. These results suggest optimal monitoring periods for wētā, beetles, and spiders differ. Still, if the objective is to monitor a range of invertebrates simultaneously, we recommend that surveys occur in spring and mid-summer during nights when temperatures are higher than 5.4°C with little to no rain.
{"title":"Time-lapse cameras improve our understanding of invertebrate activity in the alpine zone","authors":"Aaron Bertoia, Tara Murray, Bruce Robertson, Joanna Monks","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3551","url":null,"abstract":": Understanding when a species is active in its’ environment is essential when designing inventory and monitoring protocols, especially for ectotherms whose activity depends on local weather conditions. The New Zealand alpine zone hosts a diverse native assemblage of invertebrates that are poorly understood yet likely to face an increasing number of threats, particularly associated with climate change and the range expansion of introduced pests. Large-bodied flightless invertebrates are particularily vulnerable to introduced predators, like mice and stoats, which have decimated native species at lower elevations. Using trail cameras, we aimed to understand what conditions and times of the summer field season (spring–autumn) are optimal for monitoring large-bodied alpine invertebrates in the Homer and Gertrude valleys, Fiordland, New Zealand, from late austral spring to late autumn (2020/2021). Beetles (Coleoptera), wētā (Orthoptera), and spiders (Araneae) were the three most common taxonomic groups detected at our sites. The activity of all three groups was significantly influenced by mean hourly temperature. Ninety-five per cent of beetle observations occurred when temperatures ranged from 5.9–12.6°C, while 95% of wētā observations occurred when temperatures were between 6.0–12.6°C. Spiders were active across a broader range of temperatures, with 95% of observations occurring when ground temperatures were between 5.4–13.0°C. The activity of all three groups was also influenced by the time of year. Beetles were observed more often in late spring, wētā in early summer, and spiders in mid-summer. The activity of spiders and beetles, but not wētā, was negatively correlated with precipitation. These results suggest optimal monitoring periods for wētā, beetles, and spiders differ. Still, if the objective is to monitor a range of invertebrates simultaneously, we recommend that surveys occur in spring and mid-summer during nights when temperatures are higher than 5.4°C with little to no rain.","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"5 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136228237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.47.3547
Susan Walker, Michael Harding, Graeme Loh
: Small patches of habitat for indigenous species that remain in developed landscapes are predicted to lose species over time as extinction debts are paid off and to become transformed by spillover from intensive land uses. In December 2020 we searched for plants of three inland South Island-endemic species of Lepidium (Brassicaceae; L. kirkii , L. sisymbrioides , and L. solandri ) at previously known locations in Central Otago, the Waitaki Valley, the Mackenzie Basin, and Kura Tāwhiti (Castle Hill, North Canterbury). We recorded whether Lepidium populations remained and identified the vascular plant flora of each location. Lepidium kirkii was found at six of 14 locations where formerly known and at one new location, but numbered over 50 individuals at only one of these locations. Lepidium sisymbrioides was found at five of six locations visited, but we found fewer than four individuals at three of these locations. L. solandri was found at five of 12 formerly known locations in Central Otago (but numbered over 50 individuals at only one), at five of five formerly known locations on public land in the Mackenzie Basin, and at the one known location at Kura Tāwhiti. Exotic vascular plant species outnumbered native species at all but one Lepidium location in Central Otago and at Kura Tāwhiti, but not in the Mackenzie Basin, where there had been the least habitat loss and land-use intensification. Our results are consistent with theoretical predictions of more local plant extinctions at Lepidium locations, and greater transformation of their habitats, in landscapes dominated by intensive land uses and non-indigenous vegetation. We conclude that intensive ex situ and in situ management is now needed to avoid global extinctions of L. kirkii and L. sisymbrioides , and local extinctions of L. solandri at remaining Central Otago locations and at Kura Tāwhiti. We do not know whether landscape-scale processes still provide for the persistence of L. solandri and other dryland species in the Mackenzie Basin or whether intensive land use has already crossed ecological thresholds.
{"title":"The pattern of declines and local extinctions of endemic inland Lepidium species in the eastern South Island","authors":"Susan Walker, Michael Harding, Graeme Loh","doi":"10.20417/nzjecol.47.3547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.47.3547","url":null,"abstract":": Small patches of habitat for indigenous species that remain in developed landscapes are predicted to lose species over time as extinction debts are paid off and to become transformed by spillover from intensive land uses. In December 2020 we searched for plants of three inland South Island-endemic species of Lepidium (Brassicaceae; L. kirkii , L. sisymbrioides , and L. solandri ) at previously known locations in Central Otago, the Waitaki Valley, the Mackenzie Basin, and Kura Tāwhiti (Castle Hill, North Canterbury). We recorded whether Lepidium populations remained and identified the vascular plant flora of each location. Lepidium kirkii was found at six of 14 locations where formerly known and at one new location, but numbered over 50 individuals at only one of these locations. Lepidium sisymbrioides was found at five of six locations visited, but we found fewer than four individuals at three of these locations. L. solandri was found at five of 12 formerly known locations in Central Otago (but numbered over 50 individuals at only one), at five of five formerly known locations on public land in the Mackenzie Basin, and at the one known location at Kura Tāwhiti. Exotic vascular plant species outnumbered native species at all but one Lepidium location in Central Otago and at Kura Tāwhiti, but not in the Mackenzie Basin, where there had been the least habitat loss and land-use intensification. Our results are consistent with theoretical predictions of more local plant extinctions at Lepidium locations, and greater transformation of their habitats, in landscapes dominated by intensive land uses and non-indigenous vegetation. We conclude that intensive ex situ and in situ management is now needed to avoid global extinctions of L. kirkii and L. sisymbrioides , and local extinctions of L. solandri at remaining Central Otago locations and at Kura Tāwhiti. We do not know whether landscape-scale processes still provide for the persistence of L. solandri and other dryland species in the Mackenzie Basin or whether intensive land use has already crossed ecological thresholds.","PeriodicalId":49755,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Ecology","volume":"63 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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