Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.management.188
Sung Yong Kim, Kyeong Ok Kim
We scrutinize three different components of submesoscale surface tidal, vortical, and residual circulations in a semienclosed bay using (1) observations of high-frequency radar-derived surface current maps and (2) numerical model simulations run under realistic vertical stratification and boundary conditions at O(1)-km spatial and 1-hourly temporal resolutions over a 2-year period. Based on the spatial statistics of the identified submesoscale eddies and eddy kinetic energy budget analysis, the submesoscale eddies are primarily generated by the detachment of shoreline-following tidal currents at the coastal boundaries, persist for less than 1.5 days, and are dissipated dominantly via vertical buoyancy fluxes associated with bottom bathymetric interactions of the tidal currents. The residual circulation is clearly shown with the nontidal geostrophic currents associated with the pressure gradients generated by wind-driven Ekman transports against the coast and the ageostrophic low-frequency currents.
{"title":"SUBMESOSCALE SURFACE TIDAL, VORTICAL, AND RESIDUAL CIRCULATIONS IN A SEMI-ENCLOSED BAY","authors":"Sung Yong Kim, Kyeong Ok Kim","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.management.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.188","url":null,"abstract":"We scrutinize three different components of submesoscale surface tidal, vortical, and residual circulations in a semienclosed bay using (1) observations of high-frequency radar-derived surface current maps and (2) numerical model simulations run under realistic vertical stratification and boundary conditions at O(1)-km spatial and 1-hourly temporal resolutions over a 2-year period. Based on the spatial statistics of the identified submesoscale eddies and eddy kinetic energy budget analysis, the submesoscale eddies are primarily generated by the detachment of shoreline-following tidal currents at the coastal boundaries, persist for less than 1.5 days, and are dissipated dominantly via vertical buoyancy fluxes associated with bottom bathymetric interactions of the tidal currents. The residual circulation is clearly shown with the nontidal geostrophic currents associated with the pressure gradients generated by wind-driven Ekman transports against the coast and the ageostrophic low-frequency currents.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135790090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.sediment.72
Matthew Phillips
Following the rapid and destructive impacts of storm erosion, beach recovery is a key natural process of restoration, returning eroded sand to the subaerial beach and rebuilding coastal morphology to continue to support the needs of present-day coastal communities. While more detailed attention in international literature has been given to understanding and predicting beach behaviour under regimes of storm erosion, beaches are for most of the time by nature accretionary features. This paper presents critically important advanced new insight and quantification of recovery processes of sandy beaches by waves. Durations and rates of recovery are synthesised from over 70 studies worldwide in a range of wave climates (from low to high wave energy) and tidal settings (from micro- to macrotidal), with a focus primarily on sandy beach coastlines. A holistic perspective of the different processes and indicators that constitute beach recovery is presented, including those in the subaqueous beach related to the post-storm onshore migration of sandbars and storm deposits in deeper offshore waters, as well as processes in the subaerial beach related to the recovery of subaerial sediment volume, shorelines, berms, and dunes.
{"title":"QUANTIFYING THE WAVE-DRIVEN RECOVERY OF SANDY BEACHES FOLLOWING STORM EROSION","authors":"Matthew Phillips","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.sediment.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.sediment.72","url":null,"abstract":"Following the rapid and destructive impacts of storm erosion, beach recovery is a key natural process of restoration, returning eroded sand to the subaerial beach and rebuilding coastal morphology to continue to support the needs of present-day coastal communities. While more detailed attention in international literature has been given to understanding and predicting beach behaviour under regimes of storm erosion, beaches are for most of the time by nature accretionary features. This paper presents critically important advanced new insight and quantification of recovery processes of sandy beaches by waves. Durations and rates of recovery are synthesised from over 70 studies worldwide in a range of wave climates (from low to high wave energy) and tidal settings (from micro- to macrotidal), with a focus primarily on sandy beach coastlines. A holistic perspective of the different processes and indicators that constitute beach recovery is presented, including those in the subaqueous beach related to the post-storm onshore migration of sandbars and storm deposits in deeper offshore waters, as well as processes in the subaerial beach related to the recovery of subaerial sediment volume, shorelines, berms, and dunes.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.management.94
Kevin MacIntosh, Tundi Agardy, Dr. Leo Brewster
In tropical marine systems, water quality, coral health, fish habitat productivity and various other factors (e.g.: water temperature, salinity, turbidity) are all inter-related. Therefore, shoreline development, and the related design and construction of waterfront projects, may have a significant impact on the marine environment, both positive and negative, depending on the location and quality of science, engineering, and marine ecology undertaken during design, construction, and monitoring. Evaluating the physical, ecological, and social impacts of coastal projects after construction is rarely undertaken in any quantitative manner, if at all. As part of our standard process, we include monitoring for a period of 2- 5 years to quantify shoreline stability, water quality impacts, and increases in biological production as well as biodiversity. To determine when environmental arguments against development are valid and to counter those against research due to time and cost pressures, the goal is to identify what is important for minimizing environmental impacts of development.
{"title":"MULTI-YEAR MONITORING TO DISTINGUISH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO WATERFRONT CONSTRUCTION FROM AMBIENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE","authors":"Kevin MacIntosh, Tundi Agardy, Dr. Leo Brewster","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.management.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.94","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical marine systems, water quality, coral health, fish habitat productivity and various other factors (e.g.: water temperature, salinity, turbidity) are all inter-related. Therefore, shoreline development, and the related design and construction of waterfront projects, may have a significant impact on the marine environment, both positive and negative, depending on the location and quality of science, engineering, and marine ecology undertaken during design, construction, and monitoring. Evaluating the physical, ecological, and social impacts of coastal projects after construction is rarely undertaken in any quantitative manner, if at all. As part of our standard process, we include monitoring for a period of 2- 5 years to quantify shoreline stability, water quality impacts, and increases in biological production as well as biodiversity. To determine when environmental arguments against development are valid and to counter those against research due to time and cost pressures, the goal is to identify what is important for minimizing environmental impacts of development.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.management.151
Margaret Boshek, Jack Cox, Dale Brockamp
Illinois Beach State Park (IBSP) represents the last contiguous 6.5 mile pristine shoreline within the State of Illinois. Geologically speaking, the park sits atop a migratory beach-ridge characterized by sand ridges separated by low wetland swales which are home to over 650 species, some of which are rare and threatened. The land itself provides a visual history of the layering of the primary frontal dune marching lakeward as the beach-ridge migrated south. Human development, however, has stabilized the beach ridge to the north, cutting off sand supply to the park. The very coastal process that created this landform will eventually lead to its ruin. Approaching this problem, a number of hydrodynamic and sediment morphology numerical models were used to determine the areas of highest erosion rate within the park.
{"title":"PRESERVING THE LAST OF ILLINOIS’ SHORELINE: ECOLOGICALLY-DRIVEN SHORELINE STABILIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR INLAND LAKES","authors":"Margaret Boshek, Jack Cox, Dale Brockamp","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.management.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.151","url":null,"abstract":"Illinois Beach State Park (IBSP) represents the last contiguous 6.5 mile pristine shoreline within the State of Illinois. Geologically speaking, the park sits atop a migratory beach-ridge characterized by sand ridges separated by low wetland swales which are home to over 650 species, some of which are rare and threatened. The land itself provides a visual history of the layering of the primary frontal dune marching lakeward as the beach-ridge migrated south. Human development, however, has stabilized the beach ridge to the north, cutting off sand supply to the park. The very coastal process that created this landform will eventually lead to its ruin. Approaching this problem, a number of hydrodynamic and sediment morphology numerical models were used to determine the areas of highest erosion rate within the park.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.management.97
Ron Cox, Peter Horton, Nigel Rajaratnam, James Carley
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has become an important tool for evaluating coastal management actions in Australia, and various coastal CBA studies have been completed. However, some of these studies have produced contradictory outcomes, and some assumptions on which they were based have been questioned. In the presentation, various assumptions frequently used in coastal CBA’s are considered and assessed with reference to specific case studies.
{"title":"COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS IN COASTAL MANAGEMENT – USEFUL OR FLAWED?","authors":"Ron Cox, Peter Horton, Nigel Rajaratnam, James Carley","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.management.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.97","url":null,"abstract":"Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has become an important tool for evaluating coastal management actions in Australia, and various coastal CBA studies have been completed. However, some of these studies have produced contradictory outcomes, and some assumptions on which they were based have been questioned. In the presentation, various assumptions frequently used in coastal CBA’s are considered and assessed with reference to specific case studies.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.management.148
Christopher Bender, Ashley Kauppila, Don Resio
Coastal modeling efforts have applied different ways to handle the interaction of storm surge and tides. In relatively deep water, tidal superposition can be considered an approximately linear process (with the storm-generated water level added to the tide level providing a reasonable total water level). However, in shallow water with restricted access to the ocean, tide and surge superposition can be nonlinear such that simple addition of surge and tide proves inaccurate. The paper and presentation provide an extension of previous work that developed the Modified Linear Superposition (MLS) Method to analyze the interaction of the storm surge with the tide. The method is designed to produce accurate, unbiased results while at the same time not requiring excessive computer resources and time.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED LINEAR SUPERPOSITION METHOD FOR TIDE AND STORM SURGE INTERACTION — TROPICAL AND EXTRA-TROPICAL CYCLONES","authors":"Christopher Bender, Ashley Kauppila, Don Resio","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.management.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.148","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal modeling efforts have applied different ways to handle the interaction of storm surge and tides. In relatively deep water, tidal superposition can be considered an approximately linear process (with the storm-generated water level added to the tide level providing a reasonable total water level). However, in shallow water with restricted access to the ocean, tide and surge superposition can be nonlinear such that simple addition of surge and tide proves inaccurate. The paper and presentation provide an extension of previous work that developed the Modified Linear Superposition (MLS) Method to analyze the interaction of the storm surge with the tide. The method is designed to produce accurate, unbiased results while at the same time not requiring excessive computer resources and time.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.management.6
Nikolai Heath Sørensen, Per Sørensen
Focused local beach and dune erosion hamper coastal safety in certain vulnerable areas. Erosion hotspots are observed as 300-500 m stretches of coastline with greater levels of erosion than adjoining coastlines. Two erosion hotspots are identified, one on the mid Danish west coast (Ndr. Thorsminde Tange) and one on a north-facing beach in northern Jutland (Tversted). Two erosion hotspots, with different wave climates, are observed and analysed to better understand their controlling mechanisms. Forecasting erosion hotspots’ location and behaviour could be valuable for coastal safety in these areas.
{"title":"EROSION HOTSPOTS AND BAR DYNAMICS ON THE DANISH WESTCOAST","authors":"Nikolai Heath Sørensen, Per Sørensen","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.management.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.6","url":null,"abstract":"Focused local beach and dune erosion hamper coastal safety in certain vulnerable areas. Erosion hotspots are observed as 300-500 m stretches of coastline with greater levels of erosion than adjoining coastlines. Two erosion hotspots are identified, one on the mid Danish west coast (Ndr. Thorsminde Tange) and one on a north-facing beach in northern Jutland (Tversted). Two erosion hotspots, with different wave climates, are observed and analysed to better understand their controlling mechanisms. Forecasting erosion hotspots’ location and behaviour could be valuable for coastal safety in these areas.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.management.18
Andrew Allison, Scott Stephens, Paula Blackett, Yvonne Matthews, Mark Dickson, Judy Lawrence
Coastal cities and towns are at risk from climate change and relative sea level rise (RSLR). There is uncertainty in how and when these will impact and how to adapt, meaning there is a need for flexible tools to help decision-making and decision-makers. Decision-makers have many available actions to respond to sea level rise and other coastal hazards, but there is uncertainty around which action to take in different situations and when is the best time to act. We use agent-based modelling (ABM) to investigate multi-hazard interaction and Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning (DAPP) to explore the impact of an applied DAPP to work with the deep uncertainty around urban coastal systems. We developed an ABM, which included five physical hazards, whose occurrence in time was influenced by six plausible future shared socio-economic pathway / representative concentration pathway (SSP/RCP) scenarios.
{"title":"USING AN AGENT-BASED MODEL TO SIMULATE THE IMPACTS OF AN APPLIED DYNAMIC ADAPTIVE PATHWAYS PLAN","authors":"Andrew Allison, Scott Stephens, Paula Blackett, Yvonne Matthews, Mark Dickson, Judy Lawrence","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.management.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.18","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal cities and towns are at risk from climate change and relative sea level rise (RSLR). There is uncertainty in how and when these will impact and how to adapt, meaning there is a need for flexible tools to help decision-making and decision-makers. Decision-makers have many available actions to respond to sea level rise and other coastal hazards, but there is uncertainty around which action to take in different situations and when is the best time to act. We use agent-based modelling (ABM) to investigate multi-hazard interaction and Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning (DAPP) to explore the impact of an applied DAPP to work with the deep uncertainty around urban coastal systems. We developed an ABM, which included five physical hazards, whose occurrence in time was influenced by six plausible future shared socio-economic pathway / representative concentration pathway (SSP/RCP) scenarios.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.structures.84
Jessica H. Podoski, Chris Goody, David Smith
The original breakwater at Hilo Harbor was completed in 1930 and consisted of a 10,080-foot-long rubble-mound breakwater built over Blonde Reef, protecting a 35-foot-deep basin. Recent repairs were completed in 1973, 1975, and 1981. The 1981 repair consisted of a layer of 7.5-ton tribar armor units along 900 feet of the breakwater along the trunk of the structure. The USACE Honolulu District intends to conduct repairs to the Hilo Harbor breakwater within the next 5 to 10 years. A multifaceted analysis has been conducted to optimize future repair design from both an economic investment standpoint, as well as to incorporate evaluation of risk of failure and reliability-based design under projected future forcing conditions. The results of this analysis will be presented including the following: 1) evaluation of breakwater damage using both visual inspection and remote sensing data; 2) an in-depth analysis of present and future breakwater overtopping rates due to extreme waves and sea level rise through the use of spectral phase-averaged wave modeling, Boussinesq phase-resolving models, and high fidelity, fully three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) wave modeling; and 3) initial results of reliability-based design to assess past and present performance and damage modes.
{"title":"INCORPORATING CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE INTO A BREAKWATER REPAIR: A CASE STUDY AT HILO, HAWAII","authors":"Jessica H. Podoski, Chris Goody, David Smith","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.structures.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.84","url":null,"abstract":"The original breakwater at Hilo Harbor was completed in 1930 and consisted of a 10,080-foot-long rubble-mound breakwater built over Blonde Reef, protecting a 35-foot-deep basin. Recent repairs were completed in 1973, 1975, and 1981. The 1981 repair consisted of a layer of 7.5-ton tribar armor units along 900 feet of the breakwater along the trunk of the structure. The USACE Honolulu District intends to conduct repairs to the Hilo Harbor breakwater within the next 5 to 10 years. A multifaceted analysis has been conducted to optimize future repair design from both an economic investment standpoint, as well as to incorporate evaluation of risk of failure and reliability-based design under projected future forcing conditions. The results of this analysis will be presented including the following: 1) evaluation of breakwater damage using both visual inspection and remote sensing data; 2) an in-depth analysis of present and future breakwater overtopping rates due to extreme waves and sea level rise through the use of spectral phase-averaged wave modeling, Boussinesq phase-resolving models, and high fidelity, fully three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) wave modeling; and 3) initial results of reliability-based design to assess past and present performance and damage modes.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.9753/icce.v37.management.165
Amaury Camarena, Aline Kaji, Gabby Mauti
Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face a unique set of development challenges and are exposed to some of the most extreme weather events. While the Caribbean region has a limited contribution to climate change drivers, such as greenhouse gas emissions, the region is significantly impacted by the effects of climate change, especially sea level rise, increase in tropical storm intensity, and ocean warming and acidification. The objective of this study is to describe key SIDS case studies completed in recent years, including challenges and opportunities, and to highlight the unique characteristics and lessons learnt that led to the development of the design framework.
{"title":"CLIMATE RESILIENT COASTAL SOLUTIONS IN THE CARIBBEAN CONTEXT","authors":"Amaury Camarena, Aline Kaji, Gabby Mauti","doi":"10.9753/icce.v37.management.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.165","url":null,"abstract":"Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face a unique set of development challenges and are exposed to some of the most extreme weather events. While the Caribbean region has a limited contribution to climate change drivers, such as greenhouse gas emissions, the region is significantly impacted by the effects of climate change, especially sea level rise, increase in tropical storm intensity, and ocean warming and acidification. The objective of this study is to describe key SIDS case studies completed in recent years, including challenges and opportunities, and to highlight the unique characteristics and lessons learnt that led to the development of the design framework.","PeriodicalId":497926,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of ... Conference on Coastal Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：