Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1007/s11044-023-09944-2
Ahmed A. Shabana, Ahmed E. Eldeeb, Hao Ling
{"title":"Analytical and numerical investigations of linear and nonlinear torsional strains using position gradients","authors":"Ahmed A. Shabana, Ahmed E. Eldeeb, Hao Ling","doi":"10.1007/s11044-023-09944-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09944-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49792,"journal":{"name":"Multibody System Dynamics","volume":"138 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1007/s11044-023-09942-4
Prapanpong Damsongsaeng, Rickard Persson, Sebastian Stichel, Carlos Casanueva
Abstract This paper presents the implementation of the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) to estimate wheelset equivalent conicity, an accurate understanding of which can facilitate the implementation of an effective model-based estimator. The estimator is developed to identify the wheelset equivalent conicity of high-speed railway vehicles while negotiating a curve. The designed DEKF estimator employs two discrete-time extended Kalman filters combining state and parameter estimators in parallel. This estimator uses easily available measurements from acceleration sensors measuring at axle boxes and a rate gyroscope measuring bogie frame yaw velocity. Two tests, including linearized and actual wheel-rail geometry, are carried out at a speed of 250 km/h with stochastic and deterministic track features using multibody simulations, SIMPACK. The results with acceptable estimation errors for both track conditions indicate adequate performance and reliability of the designed DEKF estimator. They demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing this DEKF method in rail vehicle applications as the knowledge of time-varying parameters is not only important in achieving an effective estimator for vehicle control but also useful for vehicle condition monitoring.
{"title":"Estimation of wheelset equivalent conicity using the dual extended Kalman filter","authors":"Prapanpong Damsongsaeng, Rickard Persson, Sebastian Stichel, Carlos Casanueva","doi":"10.1007/s11044-023-09942-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09942-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the implementation of the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) to estimate wheelset equivalent conicity, an accurate understanding of which can facilitate the implementation of an effective model-based estimator. The estimator is developed to identify the wheelset equivalent conicity of high-speed railway vehicles while negotiating a curve. The designed DEKF estimator employs two discrete-time extended Kalman filters combining state and parameter estimators in parallel. This estimator uses easily available measurements from acceleration sensors measuring at axle boxes and a rate gyroscope measuring bogie frame yaw velocity. Two tests, including linearized and actual wheel-rail geometry, are carried out at a speed of 250 km/h with stochastic and deterministic track features using multibody simulations, SIMPACK. The results with acceptable estimation errors for both track conditions indicate adequate performance and reliability of the designed DEKF estimator. They demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing this DEKF method in rail vehicle applications as the knowledge of time-varying parameters is not only important in achieving an effective estimator for vehicle control but also useful for vehicle condition monitoring.","PeriodicalId":49792,"journal":{"name":"Multibody System Dynamics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1007/s11044-023-09945-1
C. Hesch, S. Glas, S. Schuß
Abstract In this contribution, we apply space-time formulation on constrained rigid body dynamics. In particular, we discretize directly Hamilton’s principle using appropriate space-time approximation spaces for the variational problem. Moreover, we make use of a rotationless formulation for the rigid bodies, and thus we have to define appropriate approximation spaces for the Lagrange multipliers as well. Moreover, we make use of Livens’ principle, introducing independent quantities for the position, velocity, and momentum, where the latter can be considered as Lagrange multipliers, and we apply this concept to the space-time rigid body formulation. Finally, we demonstrate the convergence of the different approaches and the superiority in terms of computational effort, and thus total energy consumption of dynamical simulations.
{"title":"Space-time rigid multibody dynamics","authors":"C. Hesch, S. Glas, S. Schuß","doi":"10.1007/s11044-023-09945-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09945-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this contribution, we apply space-time formulation on constrained rigid body dynamics. In particular, we discretize directly Hamilton’s principle using appropriate space-time approximation spaces for the variational problem. Moreover, we make use of a rotationless formulation for the rigid bodies, and thus we have to define appropriate approximation spaces for the Lagrange multipliers as well. Moreover, we make use of Livens’ principle, introducing independent quantities for the position, velocity, and momentum, where the latter can be considered as Lagrange multipliers, and we apply this concept to the space-time rigid body formulation. Finally, we demonstrate the convergence of the different approaches and the superiority in terms of computational effort, and thus total energy consumption of dynamical simulations.","PeriodicalId":49792,"journal":{"name":"Multibody System Dynamics","volume":"21 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136261516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1007/s11044-023-09943-3
Qiwei Zhang, Jian Xu, Hongbin Fang
{"title":"Spatial locomotion of a metameric earthworm-like robot: generation and analysis of gaits","authors":"Qiwei Zhang, Jian Xu, Hongbin Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11044-023-09943-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09943-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49792,"journal":{"name":"Multibody System Dynamics","volume":"52 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1007/s11044-023-09937-1
Johannes Gerstmayr
Abstract The present contribution introduces the design, methods, functionalities, and capabilities of the open-source multibody dynamics code Exudyn, which has been developed since 2019. The code has been designed for rigid and flexible multibody systems, with a focus on performance for multicore desktop processors. It includes script-language-based modeling and it is intended to be used in science and education, but also in industry. The open-source code is available on GitHub and consists of a main C++ core, a rich Python interface including pre- and postprocessing modules in Python, and a collection of rigid and flexible bodies with appropriate joint, load, and sensor functionality. Integrated solvers allow explicit and implicit time integration, static solution, eigenvalue analysis, and optimization. In the paper, the code design, structure, computational core, computational objects, and multibody formulations are addressed. In addition, the computational performance is evaluated with examples of rigid and flexible multibody systems. The results show the significant impact of multithreading especially for small systems, but also for larger models.
{"title":"Exudyn – a C++-based Python package for flexible multibody systems","authors":"Johannes Gerstmayr","doi":"10.1007/s11044-023-09937-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09937-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present contribution introduces the design, methods, functionalities, and capabilities of the open-source multibody dynamics code Exudyn, which has been developed since 2019. The code has been designed for rigid and flexible multibody systems, with a focus on performance for multicore desktop processors. It includes script-language-based modeling and it is intended to be used in science and education, but also in industry. The open-source code is available on GitHub and consists of a main C++ core, a rich Python interface including pre- and postprocessing modules in Python, and a collection of rigid and flexible bodies with appropriate joint, load, and sensor functionality. Integrated solvers allow explicit and implicit time integration, static solution, eigenvalue analysis, and optimization. In the paper, the code design, structure, computational core, computational objects, and multibody formulations are addressed. In addition, the computational performance is evaluated with examples of rigid and flexible multibody systems. The results show the significant impact of multithreading especially for small systems, but also for larger models.","PeriodicalId":49792,"journal":{"name":"Multibody System Dynamics","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135044005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1007/s11044-023-09940-6
Johannes Bolk, Burkhard Corves
Abstract Electrically assisted bicycles lead to a change in the driving characteristics compared to conventional bicycles because of the additionally attached masses of motor and battery. In order to describe the resulting interaction of the electric drive components on the driving characteristics, this paper examines simulations of the driving behavior of bicycles with different positions of battery and motor in open- and closed-loop tests. The integration of human driving behavior by control loops allows the evaluation of driving characteristic under more realistic driving conditions compared to the existing studies of the eigenbehavior. The results are analyzed using characteristic values that describe the system behavior in a suitable way. Furthermore, a design of experiments is performed to classify the influence of the presented research results in relation to other system parameters, such as different types of bicycles and different rider postures.
{"title":"Investigation of the driving characteristics of electric bicycles by means of multibody simulation","authors":"Johannes Bolk, Burkhard Corves","doi":"10.1007/s11044-023-09940-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09940-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Electrically assisted bicycles lead to a change in the driving characteristics compared to conventional bicycles because of the additionally attached masses of motor and battery. In order to describe the resulting interaction of the electric drive components on the driving characteristics, this paper examines simulations of the driving behavior of bicycles with different positions of battery and motor in open- and closed-loop tests. The integration of human driving behavior by control loops allows the evaluation of driving characteristic under more realistic driving conditions compared to the existing studies of the eigenbehavior. The results are analyzed using characteristic values that describe the system behavior in a suitable way. Furthermore, a design of experiments is performed to classify the influence of the presented research results in relation to other system parameters, such as different types of bicycles and different rider postures.","PeriodicalId":49792,"journal":{"name":"Multibody System Dynamics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1007/s11044-023-09941-5
Jason Bettega, Giovanni Boschetti, Borja R. Frade, Francisco González, Giulio Piva, Dario Richiedei, Alberto Trevisani
Abstract Cable-driven parallel robots are parallel robots where light-weight cables replace rigid bodies to move an end-effector. Their peculiar design allows obtaining large workspaces, high-dynamic handlings, ease of reconfigurability and, in general, low-cost architecture. Knowing the full state variables of a cable robot may be essential to implement advanced control and monitoring strategies and imposes the development of state observers. In this work a general approach to develop nonlinear state observers based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed and validated both numerically and experimentally by referring to a cable-suspended parallel robot. The state observer is based on a system model obtained by converting a set of differential algebraic equations into ordinary differential equations through different formulations: the penalty formulation, the Udwadia–Kalaba formulation, and the Udwadia–Kalaba–Phohomsiri formulation, which have been chosen since they can handle the presence of redundant constraints as often happens in cable-driven parallel robots. In the numerical investigation, the EKF is validated simulating encoders heavily affected by quantization errors to demonstrate the filtering capabilities of EKF. In the experimental investigation, a very challenging validation is proposed: only two sensors measuring the rotations of two motors are used to estimate the actual position and velocity of the end-effector. This result cannot be achieved by sole forward kinematics and clearly proves the effectiveness of the proposed observer.
{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation on the synthesis of extended Kalman filters for cable-driven parallel robots modeled through DAEs","authors":"Jason Bettega, Giovanni Boschetti, Borja R. Frade, Francisco González, Giulio Piva, Dario Richiedei, Alberto Trevisani","doi":"10.1007/s11044-023-09941-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09941-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cable-driven parallel robots are parallel robots where light-weight cables replace rigid bodies to move an end-effector. Their peculiar design allows obtaining large workspaces, high-dynamic handlings, ease of reconfigurability and, in general, low-cost architecture. Knowing the full state variables of a cable robot may be essential to implement advanced control and monitoring strategies and imposes the development of state observers. In this work a general approach to develop nonlinear state observers based on an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed and validated both numerically and experimentally by referring to a cable-suspended parallel robot. The state observer is based on a system model obtained by converting a set of differential algebraic equations into ordinary differential equations through different formulations: the penalty formulation, the Udwadia–Kalaba formulation, and the Udwadia–Kalaba–Phohomsiri formulation, which have been chosen since they can handle the presence of redundant constraints as often happens in cable-driven parallel robots. In the numerical investigation, the EKF is validated simulating encoders heavily affected by quantization errors to demonstrate the filtering capabilities of EKF. In the experimental investigation, a very challenging validation is proposed: only two sensors measuring the rotations of two motors are used to estimate the actual position and velocity of the end-effector. This result cannot be achieved by sole forward kinematics and clearly proves the effectiveness of the proposed observer.","PeriodicalId":49792,"journal":{"name":"Multibody System Dynamics","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1007/s11044-023-09933-5
Fernando Gonçalves, Tiago Ribeiro, A. Fernando Ribeiro, Gil Lopes, Paulo Flores
Abstract The rapid ageing of the worldwide population raises pressing concerns related to ensuring proper healthcare and quality of life for older adults. A human-like mobile domestic robot, named CHARMIE, is being produced to aid in these situations by performing household chores, thus increasing the autonomy of persons with mobility limitations. The present work provides a valuable contribution to the development of CHARMIE by building a simulation environment that computes the system’s main dynamics. The obtained environment is used to evaluate the quality of the robot’s control system, to perform its structural optimization and to allow a proper selection of actuators. The system is tackled as a kinematic tree that starts on the robot’s base and then splits into three branches at the torso: the left arm, the right arm, and the head. The multibody model solves the forward kinematics and inverse dynamics of the main mechanisms by employing two recursive algorithms centred around the Newton–Euler formulation. A novel, modular, and efficient seven-step methodology was created to implement these two algorithms and program a simulator from start to finish. These seven steps include studying the system’s configuration, converting its properties into software inputs, and computing the phenomena that cannot be automatically addressed by the two recursive formulations. The presented methodology was fully validated by comparing its results to those obtained from a commercial software; the two models produced identical results.
{"title":"Multibody model of the human-inspired robot CHARMIE","authors":"Fernando Gonçalves, Tiago Ribeiro, A. Fernando Ribeiro, Gil Lopes, Paulo Flores","doi":"10.1007/s11044-023-09933-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09933-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rapid ageing of the worldwide population raises pressing concerns related to ensuring proper healthcare and quality of life for older adults. A human-like mobile domestic robot, named CHARMIE, is being produced to aid in these situations by performing household chores, thus increasing the autonomy of persons with mobility limitations. The present work provides a valuable contribution to the development of CHARMIE by building a simulation environment that computes the system’s main dynamics. The obtained environment is used to evaluate the quality of the robot’s control system, to perform its structural optimization and to allow a proper selection of actuators. The system is tackled as a kinematic tree that starts on the robot’s base and then splits into three branches at the torso: the left arm, the right arm, and the head. The multibody model solves the forward kinematics and inverse dynamics of the main mechanisms by employing two recursive algorithms centred around the Newton–Euler formulation. A novel, modular, and efficient seven-step methodology was created to implement these two algorithms and program a simulator from start to finish. These seven steps include studying the system’s configuration, converting its properties into software inputs, and computing the phenomena that cannot be automatically addressed by the two recursive formulations. The presented methodology was fully validated by comparing its results to those obtained from a commercial software; the two models produced identical results.","PeriodicalId":49792,"journal":{"name":"Multibody System Dynamics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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