One of the most critical problems in navigation systems is that of brain shifts during operations. In order to solve this problem, we developed a simple method using a marker placed prior to microsurgery to provide a reference point. We produced a thin probe. After the dural incision, the probe, covered with a silicone tube, was inserted into the target point. Then only the probe was removed, leaving the silicone tube in place. This tube moved together with the brain, which deviated during the operation, and throughout the operation indicated the same point as that which it was pointed at first. This result suggests that this is a simple and useful method to allow navigation systems to accommodate brain shifts during operations.
{"title":"Operations Using a Frameless Stereotactic System with a Marker: Technical Note","authors":"T. Kuroiwa, T. Ohta","doi":"10.1055/S-2001-18125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2001-18125","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most critical problems in navigation systems is that of brain shifts during operations. In order to solve this problem, we developed a simple method using a marker placed prior to microsurgery to provide a reference point. We produced a thin probe. After the dural incision, the probe, covered with a silicone tube, was inserted into the target point. Then only the probe was removed, leaving the silicone tube in place. This tube moved together with the brain, which deviated during the operation, and throughout the operation indicated the same point as that which it was pointed at first. This result suggests that this is a simple and useful method to allow navigation systems to accommodate brain shifts during operations.","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"46 1","pages":"163 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87812075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. S. Paleologos, J. Wadley, N. Kitchen, D. Thomas
Although the treatment of colloid cysts remains controversial, high viscosity and small volume are poor prognostic indicators for successful burr hole aspiration and cortical incision via craniotomy may be associated with postoperative epilepsy. The anterior transcallosal approach provides a direct and adequate pathway to the lateral ventricles, where the foramen of Monro serves as a natural entrance into the anterior third ventricle, especially when the foramen is dilated by a lesion. When the midsuperior portion of the IIIrd ventricle cannot be reached, the interforniceal or the subchoroidal exposures have been advocated. Stereotactic techniques contribute to a minimal invasive approach and reduce morbidity. Nine patients harbouring anterior third ventricular cysts (seven colloids and two intrinsic craniopharyngiomas) underwent anterior transcallosal microsurgical excision assisted by an interactive infrared-based image guided system (EasyGuide, Neuro, Philips). There were 4 men and 5 women ranging in age from 15 to 42 years (mean 28.5). Transcallosal transforaminal (5 cases) or interforniceal (4 cases) approaches allowed total excision in eight patients and subtotal in one. Postoperative morbidity included a case of transient hemiparesis and a case of transient short-term memory disturbances; both resolved in the first months. Mortality was zero. Particular advantages of the method were accurate trajectory and position of callosotomy incision determination, visualisation and avoidance of superior saggital sinus, retraction of bridging veins and the often variable pericallosal arteries, spatial orientation within the ventricular system, and identification of the periventricular anatomical structures.
{"title":"Interactive Image-Guided Transcallosal Microsurgery for Anterior Third Ventricular Cysts","authors":"T. S. Paleologos, J. Wadley, N. Kitchen, D. Thomas","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18123","url":null,"abstract":"Although the treatment of colloid cysts remains controversial, high viscosity and small volume are poor prognostic indicators for successful burr hole aspiration and cortical incision via craniotomy may be associated with postoperative epilepsy. The anterior transcallosal approach provides a direct and adequate pathway to the lateral ventricles, where the foramen of Monro serves as a natural entrance into the anterior third ventricle, especially when the foramen is dilated by a lesion. When the midsuperior portion of the IIIrd ventricle cannot be reached, the interforniceal or the subchoroidal exposures have been advocated. Stereotactic techniques contribute to a minimal invasive approach and reduce morbidity. Nine patients harbouring anterior third ventricular cysts (seven colloids and two intrinsic craniopharyngiomas) underwent anterior transcallosal microsurgical excision assisted by an interactive infrared-based image guided system (EasyGuide, Neuro, Philips). There were 4 men and 5 women ranging in age from 15 to 42 years (mean 28.5). Transcallosal transforaminal (5 cases) or interforniceal (4 cases) approaches allowed total excision in eight patients and subtotal in one. Postoperative morbidity included a case of transient hemiparesis and a case of transient short-term memory disturbances; both resolved in the first months. Mortality was zero. Particular advantages of the method were accurate trajectory and position of callosotomy incision determination, visualisation and avoidance of superior saggital sinus, retraction of bridging veins and the often variable pericallosal arteries, spatial orientation within the ventricular system, and identification of the periventricular anatomical structures.","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"76 1","pages":"157 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86514506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Saringer, H. Khayal, A. Ertl, A. Schoeggl, K. Kitz
This study was performed to assess the impact of gamma knife radiosurgery (RS) in the treatment of glomus jugulare tumors. Between February 1993 and February 1999, thirteen patients (9 women, 4 men; mean age 63.5 years, range 29 to 79 years) underwent stereotactic radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors with the Leksell Gamma Knife at the Neurosurgical Department of the University of Vienna. Four patients, mean age 74.5 years, range 67 to 79 years, underwent radiosurgery as the only treatment. Nine patients received radiosurgery as adjuvant therapy after previous treatment had failed: surgical resection in 9 patients and additional fractionated external beam radiation in two of these patients. Pretreatment evaluation included the staging of all tumors according to the Fisch Classification: De1 (7), De2 (1), Di1 (4) and Di2 (1). The mean follow-up period was 4.2 years, range 0.7 to 6.7 years. Ten patients, 77 %, were treated prior to 1997, the mean follow-up period being 5 years. Six patients showed no clinical changes, while six experienced an improvement of their clinical symptoms and neurological deficits. One patient was lost to follow-up. Radiation-induced transient cranial nerve neuropathies were observed in two patients. Serial MRI scans revealed tumor control in all patients, with unaltered tumor size in 10 and shrinkage in three patients. The results indicate that RS is an attractive treatment option for glomus jugulare tumors and will occupy an increasingly important role in the management of these tumors in selected patients.
{"title":"Efficiency of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in the Treatmentof Glomus Jugulare Tumors","authors":"W. Saringer, H. Khayal, A. Ertl, A. Schoeggl, K. Kitz","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18162","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to assess the impact of gamma knife radiosurgery (RS) in the treatment of glomus jugulare tumors. Between February 1993 and February 1999, thirteen patients (9 women, 4 men; mean age 63.5 years, range 29 to 79 years) underwent stereotactic radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors with the Leksell Gamma Knife at the Neurosurgical Department of the University of Vienna. Four patients, mean age 74.5 years, range 67 to 79 years, underwent radiosurgery as the only treatment. Nine patients received radiosurgery as adjuvant therapy after previous treatment had failed: surgical resection in 9 patients and additional fractionated external beam radiation in two of these patients. Pretreatment evaluation included the staging of all tumors according to the Fisch Classification: De1 (7), De2 (1), Di1 (4) and Di2 (1). The mean follow-up period was 4.2 years, range 0.7 to 6.7 years. Ten patients, 77 %, were treated prior to 1997, the mean follow-up period being 5 years. Six patients showed no clinical changes, while six experienced an improvement of their clinical symptoms and neurological deficits. One patient was lost to follow-up. Radiation-induced transient cranial nerve neuropathies were observed in two patients. Serial MRI scans revealed tumor control in all patients, with unaltered tumor size in 10 and shrinkage in three patients. The results indicate that RS is an attractive treatment option for glomus jugulare tumors and will occupy an increasingly important role in the management of these tumors in selected patients.","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"28 1","pages":"141 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73736948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surgical aspiration and/or drainage of brain abscesses is considered to be the first-line treatment for abscesses larger than 25 mm. This is ususally performed with the aid of CT-guided stereotaxy. A method of ultrasound guidance is presented that allows a single burr hole approach with real-time imaging of the whole procedure. A bayonet-like shaped ultrasound probe with tip dimension of 8 x 8 mm only (EUP-NS 32, Hitachi/Ecoscan) with frequencies of 3.5 and 5 MHz is used. After placement of a burr hole the target is identified by transdural insonation, a guideline is adjusted and a mounted puncture-adapter guides the cannula towards the lesion under real-time imaging control. Up to now 12 abscesses in 10 patients were treated. Visualization was always excellent. A second aspiration had to be performed twice. One abscess did not contain enough pus to be cured by aspiration and was removed by open surgery, another could not be tapped by the blunt cannula and was aspirated under stereotactic control using a sharp trocar. Outcome was excellent in 6 patients and fair in 2 patients but this was due to the pre-existing disease. Two patients admitted in deep coma died despite an emergency operation. The presented method has proven to be a very powerful guiding tool in the surgical treatment of brain abscesses through a single burr hole approach.
对于大于25mm的脑脓肿，手术抽吸和/或引流被认为是一线治疗方法。这通常在ct引导立体定向的帮助下进行。提出了一种超声引导的方法，允许一个单一的毛刺孔接近与实时成像的整个过程。使用卡口状超声探头，尖端尺寸仅为8 x 8 mm (EUP-NS 32，日立/Ecoscan)，频率为3.5和5 MHz。在放置钻孔后，通过经硬膜超声识别目标，在实时成像控制下调整指南并安装穿刺适配器引导套管朝向病变。治疗10例12个脓肿。可视化总是很棒的。第二次抽吸必须进行两次。一例脓肿含脓量不足，无法通过抽吸治愈，并通过开放手术切除;另一例脓肿无法通过钝套管穿刺，因此在立体定向控制下使用尖锐套管针进行抽吸。6名患者的结果很好，2名患者的结果一般，但这是由于先前存在的疾病。两名深度昏迷的病人在紧急手术后死亡。所提出的方法已被证明是一个非常强大的指导工具，在外科治疗脑脓肿通过一个单一的钻孔入路。
{"title":"Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration of Brain Abscesses Through a Single Burr Hole","authors":"M. Strowitzkí, K. Schwerdtfeger, Steudel Wi","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18126","url":null,"abstract":"Surgical aspiration and/or drainage of brain abscesses is considered to be the first-line treatment for abscesses larger than 25 mm. This is ususally performed with the aid of CT-guided stereotaxy. A method of ultrasound guidance is presented that allows a single burr hole approach with real-time imaging of the whole procedure. A bayonet-like shaped ultrasound probe with tip dimension of 8 x 8 mm only (EUP-NS 32, Hitachi/Ecoscan) with frequencies of 3.5 and 5 MHz is used. After placement of a burr hole the target is identified by transdural insonation, a guideline is adjusted and a mounted puncture-adapter guides the cannula towards the lesion under real-time imaging control. Up to now 12 abscesses in 10 patients were treated. Visualization was always excellent. A second aspiration had to be performed twice. One abscess did not contain enough pus to be cured by aspiration and was removed by open surgery, another could not be tapped by the blunt cannula and was aspirated under stereotactic control using a sharp trocar. Outcome was excellent in 6 patients and fair in 2 patients but this was due to the pre-existing disease. Two patients admitted in deep coma died despite an emergency operation. The presented method has proven to be a very powerful guiding tool in the surgical treatment of brain abscesses through a single burr hole approach.","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"8 1","pages":"135 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87520096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aichholzer1, P. Mazal2, C. Haberler3, W. Dietrich1, A. Bertalanffy1, K. Roessler1, K. Ungersboeck1
{"title":"Epidural Metastasis of a Glioblastoma After Stereotactic Biopsy: Case Report","authors":"M. Aichholzer1, P. Mazal2, C. Haberler3, W. Dietrich1, A. Bertalanffy1, K. Roessler1, K. Ungersboeck1","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"6 1","pages":"175 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78954412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present their experience in the microsurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). Over the last five years 48 patients were explored and 34 (71 %) underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) for significant arterial or venous conflicts. The remaining 14 patients (29 %) underwent partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR) because of negative intraoperative findings (simple contact or no conflict). Excellent or good immediate outcomes were achieved in 87.5 and 12.5 % of patients, respectively. Of the three severe recurrences observed during the follow-up period (24.7 months; range: 7 - 65 months), two underwent percutaneous microcompression and one posterior fossa reexploration, which revealed teflon-induced recompression. None of the PSR cases experienced incapacitating face numbness. MVD, an extremely effective procedure in the immediate post-operative period, is burdened in the long term by 20 % recurrences, the majority occurring within two years from surgery. We believe that careful intraoperative evaluation of the conflict entity could be the key to achieve a significant reduction of recurrences: overestimation of simple vascular contact of doubtful etiologic relevance, may lead to ineffective decompression and unsatisfactory results. In our opinion PSR should be preferred to percutaneous treatments in cases of negative exploration (contact or no conflict). In accordance with others we observed that section of half or less of the inferolateral "portio major" allows long-lasting pain relief and good preservation of sensory function.
{"title":"Microsurgical Posterior Fossa Exploration for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Study on 48 Cases","authors":"A. Delitala, A. Brunori, F. Chiappetta","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18124","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present their experience in the microsurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). Over the last five years 48 patients were explored and 34 (71 %) underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) for significant arterial or venous conflicts. The remaining 14 patients (29 %) underwent partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR) because of negative intraoperative findings (simple contact or no conflict). Excellent or good immediate outcomes were achieved in 87.5 and 12.5 % of patients, respectively. Of the three severe recurrences observed during the follow-up period (24.7 months; range: 7 - 65 months), two underwent percutaneous microcompression and one posterior fossa reexploration, which revealed teflon-induced recompression. None of the PSR cases experienced incapacitating face numbness. MVD, an extremely effective procedure in the immediate post-operative period, is burdened in the long term by 20 % recurrences, the majority occurring within two years from surgery. We believe that careful intraoperative evaluation of the conflict entity could be the key to achieve a significant reduction of recurrences: overestimation of simple vascular contact of doubtful etiologic relevance, may lead to ineffective decompression and unsatisfactory results. In our opinion PSR should be preferred to percutaneous treatments in cases of negative exploration (contact or no conflict). In accordance with others we observed that section of half or less of the inferolateral \"portio major\" allows long-lasting pain relief and good preservation of sensory function.","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"3 1","pages":"152 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87702230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Kehler1, A. Brunori2, J. Gliemroth1, G. Nowak1, A. Delitala2, F. Chiappetta2, H. Arnold1
{"title":"Twenty Colloid Cysts - Comparison of Endoscopic and Microsurgical Management","authors":"U. Kehler1, A. Brunori2, J. Gliemroth1, G. Nowak1, A. Delitala2, F. Chiappetta2, H. Arnold1","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"37 1","pages":"121 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75591814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Santamarta1, F. Morales1, J. Sierra2, J. de Campos3
Despite decades of investigation and discussion of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of arachnoid cysts, fundamental issues concerning these entities remain poorly defined and controversial. Cine-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown two patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow within the cavity in patients harbouring arachnoid cysts. Some cysts present a harmonic flow with a patent flow entry zone. All these patients had intermittent, non-progressive and non-localizing symptoms requiring no surgery according to our criteria. The second pattern of CSF flow is more chaotic and is characterized by the presence of swirls throughout the entire cardiac cycle. This pattern is associated with a more disabling clinical picture. Some of these patients required surgical treatment. During surgery, an endoscope was used for inspection purposes revealing, above all, that arachnoid cysts always and variably communicate with the subarachnoid space. The CSF enters the cyst either through a patent flow entry zone or through minute perforations in areas more loosely packed of the arachnoid network that behave as a flexible mesh able to modify the area of flowing CSF. The slipstreams of CSF within arachnoid cysts may not be channelled properly leading to possible damage of the surrounding brain parenchyma.
{"title":"Arachnoid Cysts: Entrapped Collections of Cerebrospinal Fluid Variably Communicating with the Subarachnoid Space","authors":"D. Santamarta1, F. Morales1, J. Sierra2, J. de Campos3","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18148","url":null,"abstract":"Despite decades of investigation and discussion of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of arachnoid cysts, fundamental issues concerning these entities remain poorly defined and controversial. Cine-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown two patterns of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow within the cavity in patients harbouring arachnoid cysts. Some cysts present a harmonic flow with a patent flow entry zone. All these patients had intermittent, non-progressive and non-localizing symptoms requiring no surgery according to our criteria. The second pattern of CSF flow is more chaotic and is characterized by the presence of swirls throughout the entire cardiac cycle. This pattern is associated with a more disabling clinical picture. Some of these patients required surgical treatment. During surgery, an endoscope was used for inspection purposes revealing, above all, that arachnoid cysts always and variably communicate with the subarachnoid space. The CSF enters the cyst either through a patent flow entry zone or through minute perforations in areas more loosely packed of the arachnoid network that behave as a flexible mesh able to modify the area of flowing CSF. The slipstreams of CSF within arachnoid cysts may not be channelled properly leading to possible damage of the surrounding brain parenchyma.","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"32 1","pages":"128 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85384590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ebel1, K. Schomäcker2, A. Balogh3, M. Volz1, J. Funke1, H. Schicha2, N. Klug1
{"title":"High Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation (CSCS) Increases Regional Cerebral Blood Flow After Induced Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Rats","authors":"H. Ebel1, K. Schomäcker2, A. Balogh3, M. Volz1, J. Funke1, H. Schicha2, N. Klug1","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"9 5","pages":"167 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72588658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Gönül1, Y. Izci1, M. Sefalı2, E. Erdoğan1, E. Timurkaynak1
{"title":"Orbital Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma: Case Report","authors":"E. Gönül1, Y. Izci1, M. Sefalı2, E. Erdoğan1, E. Timurkaynak1","doi":"10.1055/s-2001-18121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-18121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49808,"journal":{"name":"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery","volume":"79 1","pages":"172 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85226483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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