A. Ganske, A. Heil, A. Lammert, J. Kretzschmar, J. Quaas
{"title":"Publication of Atmospheric Model Data using the ATMODAT Standard","authors":"A. Ganske, A. Heil, A. Lammert, J. Kretzschmar, J. Quaas","doi":"10.1127/metz/2022/1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2022/1118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42852982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Peñaloza‐Murillo, M. Roman, J. Pasachoff, A. Elmhamdi
{"title":"An empirical study of near-surface air temperature time lags and delay function during the longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century at Tianhuangping (Zhejiang), China, under cloudy conditions","authors":"M. A. Peñaloza‐Murillo, M. Roman, J. Pasachoff, A. Elmhamdi","doi":"10.1127/metz/2022/1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2022/1094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48039234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic modelling of extreme daily precipitation in Germany from 1951 to 2020","authors":"Joanna Czarnowska, B. Bochenek","doi":"10.1127/metz/2022/1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2022/1123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47310161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Rybka, M. Haller, S. Brienen, J. Brauch, B. Früh, T. Junghänel, K. Lengfeld, Andreas Walter, T. Winterrath
{"title":"Convection-permitting climate simulations with COSMO-CLM for Germany: Analysis of present and future daily and sub-daily extreme precipitation","authors":"H. Rybka, M. Haller, S. Brienen, J. Brauch, B. Früh, T. Junghänel, K. Lengfeld, Andreas Walter, T. Winterrath","doi":"10.1127/metz/2022/1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2022/1147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48771953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum","authors":"Sabine Fritz, S. Schubert, C. Schneider","doi":"10.1127/metz/2021/1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2021/1113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46015480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multivariate analysis and regionalization of climate variability and trends in Germany from 1951–2010","authors":"Annika Uebachs, S. Trömel, A. Kapala, C. Simmer","doi":"10.1127/metz/2021/1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2021/1038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42188244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been long understood that land cover change from natural to impervious modifies the surface energy balance and hence the dynamical properties of the overlying atmosphere. The urban heat island is manifested in the formation of an urban boundary layer with distinct thermodynamic features that in turn govern transport processes of air pollutants. While many studies already demonstrated the benefits of urban canopy models (UCM) for atmospheric modelling, work on the impact on urban air chemistry is scarce. This study uses the state-of-the-art coupled chemistry-climate modelling system MECO(n) to assess the impact of the COSMO UCM TERRA_URB on the dynamics and gas phase chemistry in the boundary layer of the urban agglomeration Rhine-Main in Germany. Comparing the model results to ground observations and satellite and ground based remote sensing data, we found that the UCM experiment reduces the bias in temperature at the surface and throughout the boundary layer. This is true for ground level NO2 and ozone distribution as well. The application of MECO(n) for urban planning purposes is discussed by designing case studies representing two projected scenarios in future urban planning – densification of central urban areas and urban sprawl. Averaged over the core urban region and 10‑days during a heat wave period in July 2018, model results indicate a warming of 0.7 K in surface temperature and 0.2 K in air temperature per 10 % increase in impervious surface area fraction. Within this period, a 50 % total increase of imperviousness accounts for a 3 K and 1 K spatially averaged warming respectively. This change in thermodynamic features results in a decrease of surface NO2 concentration by 10–20 % through increased turbulent mixing in areas with highest impervious fraction and highest emissions. In the evening and nighttime however, increased densification in the urban centre results in amplified canyon blocking, which in turn results in average increase in near surface NO2 concentrations of about 10 %, compared to the status quo. This work intends to analyse regional scale features of surface-atmosphere interactions in an urban boundary layer and can be seen as preparatory work for higher resolution street scale models.
{"title":"Impact of urban imperviousness on boundary layer meteorology and air chemistry on a regional scale","authors":"J. Fallmann, M. Barra, Vinod Kumar, H. Tost","doi":"10.1127/metz/2021/1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2021/1075","url":null,"abstract":"It has been long understood that land cover change from natural to impervious modifies the surface energy balance and hence the dynamical properties of the overlying atmosphere. The urban heat island is manifested in the formation of an urban boundary layer with distinct thermodynamic features that in turn govern transport processes of air pollutants. While many studies already demonstrated the benefits of urban canopy models (UCM) for atmospheric modelling, work on the impact on urban air chemistry is scarce. This study uses the state-of-the-art coupled chemistry-climate modelling system MECO(n) to assess the impact of the COSMO UCM TERRA_URB on the dynamics and gas phase chemistry in the boundary layer of the urban agglomeration Rhine-Main in Germany. Comparing the model results to ground observations and satellite and ground based remote sensing data, we found that the UCM experiment reduces the bias in temperature at the surface and throughout the boundary layer. This is true for ground level NO2 and ozone distribution as well. The application of MECO(n) for urban planning purposes is discussed by designing case studies representing two projected scenarios in future urban planning – densification of central urban areas and urban sprawl. Averaged over the core urban region and 10‑days during a heat wave period in July 2018, model results indicate a warming of 0.7 K in surface temperature and 0.2 K in air temperature per 10 % increase in impervious surface area fraction. Within this period, a 50 % total increase of imperviousness accounts for a 3 K and 1 K spatially averaged warming respectively. This change in thermodynamic features results in a decrease of surface NO2 concentration by 10–20 % through increased turbulent mixing in areas with highest impervious fraction and highest emissions. In the evening and nighttime however, increased densification in the urban centre results in amplified canyon blocking, which in turn results in average increase in near surface NO2 concentrations of about 10 %, compared to the status quo. This work intends to analyse regional scale features of surface-atmosphere interactions in an urban boundary layer and can be seen as preparatory work for higher resolution street scale models.","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46315896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precipitation data from four weather stations in Bavaria, Germany, situated at the northern edge of the Alps have been evaluated for the period 1901 to 2019. Decadal changes have been computed as sliding 30-year averages and as the difference between the 30-year periods 1990–2019 and 1901–1930. The annual precipitation at these four stations increases, fitting in magnitude roughly to the temperature increase in the course of global warming. The number of dry days slightly increases as well as a consequence of a northward shift of the storm tracks over Europe. Due to these two features the precipitation intensity on wet days increases. The increase in maximum daily precipitation amounts is less than the increase in the annual precipitation amount. The observed maximum daily precipitation in the full four datasets is 138.5 mm at the station Hohenpeißenberg in 1999. The length of dry spells is increasing at three of the four stations as well. The overall observed precipitation patterns fit to the findings of regional climate model simulations for future climate scenarios for this region. Thus, they can be interpreted as signs that climate change is well underway in Southern Bavaria as it is in most places of the world.
{"title":"Analysis of decadal precipitation changes at the northern edge of the Alps","authors":"S. Emeis","doi":"10.1127/METZ/2021/1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/METZ/2021/1053","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitation data from four weather stations in Bavaria, Germany, situated at the northern edge of the Alps have been evaluated for the period 1901 to 2019. Decadal changes have been computed as sliding 30-year averages and as the difference between the 30-year periods 1990–2019 and 1901–1930. The annual precipitation at these four stations increases, fitting in magnitude roughly to the temperature increase in the course of global warming. The number of dry days slightly increases as well as a consequence of a northward shift of the storm tracks over Europe. Due to these two features the precipitation intensity on wet days increases. The increase in maximum daily precipitation amounts is less than the increase in the annual precipitation amount. The observed maximum daily precipitation in the full four datasets is 138.5 mm at the station Hohenpeißenberg in 1999. The length of dry spells is increasing at three of the four stations as well. The overall observed precipitation patterns fit to the findings of regional climate model simulations for future climate scenarios for this region. Thus, they can be interpreted as signs that climate change is well underway in Southern Bavaria as it is in most places of the world.","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the importance of a viscous surface layer to describe the lower boundary condition for temperature","authors":"G. Gross","doi":"10.1127/METZ/2021/1073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/METZ/2021/1073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46304733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralf Jaiser, M. Akperov, A. Timazhev, Erik Romanowsky, D. Handorf, I. Mokhov
The study addresses the question, if Arctic sea ice decline is the main driver of observed changes in terms of Arctic-midlatitude linkages during winter. We discuss, if the increase of global sea surface temperatures plays an additional role. A set of four model sensitivity experiments with different sea ice and sea surface temperature boundary conditions is analyzed and compared to observed changes in reanalysis data. A detection of atmospheric circulation regimes is performed. These regimes are evaluated for their cyclone and blocking characteristics and their changes in frequency during winter to reveal tropospheric changes induced by the change of boundary conditions. Furthermore, the impacts on the large-scale circulation up into the stratosphere are investigated. The results show that the impact from sea surface temperature changes is generally stronger than the impact of sea ice concentration changes alone. However, in particular in terms of the startospheric pathway, the combined impact of sea ice and sea surface temperature changes reproduces findings from the reanalysis best.
For early winter, the observed increase in atmospheric blocking in the region between Scandinavia and the Ural are primarily induced by the changes in sea surface temperatures. Nevertheless, the impacts on the stratospheric circulation in terms of a weakened polar vortex, are only observed if sea ice is reduced and sea surface temperatures are increased. Late winter impacts are more inconsistent in the model sensitivity study, but slightly improved when both components of forcing are changed. In this context, we further identify a discrepancy in the model to reproduce the weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex through blocking induced upward propagation of planetary waves.
{"title":"Linkages between Arctic and Mid-Latitude Weather and Climate: Unraveling the Impact of Changing Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperatures","authors":"Ralf Jaiser, M. Akperov, A. Timazhev, Erik Romanowsky, D. Handorf, I. Mokhov","doi":"10.5194/ems2021-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ems2021-70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span>The study addresses the question, if Arctic sea ice decline is the main driver of observed changes in terms of Arctic-midlatitude linkages during winter. We discuss, if the increase of global sea surface temperatures plays an additional role. A set of four model sensitivity experiments with different sea ice and sea surface temperature boundary conditions is analyzed and compared to observed changes in reanalysis data. A detection of atmospheric circulation regimes is performed. These regimes are evaluated for their cyclone and blocking characteristics and their changes in frequency during winter to reveal tropospheric changes induced by the change of boundary conditions. Furthermore, the impacts on the large-scale circulation up into the stratosphere are investigated. The results show that the impact from sea surface temperature changes is generally stronger than the impact of sea ice concentration changes alone. However, in particular in terms of the startospheric pathway, the combined impact of sea ice and sea surface temperature changes reproduces findings from the reanalysis best.</span></p><p><span>For early winter, the observed increase in atmospheric blocking in the region between Scandinavia and the Ural are primarily induced by the changes in sea surface temperatures. Nevertheless, the impacts on the stratospheric circulation in terms of a weakened polar vortex, are only observed if sea ice is reduced and sea surface temperatures are increased. Late winter impacts are more inconsistent in the model sensitivity study, but slightly improved when both components of forcing are changed. In this context, we further identify a discrepancy in the model to reproduce the weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex through blocking induced upward propagation of planetary waves.</span></p>","PeriodicalId":49824,"journal":{"name":"Meteorologische Zeitschrift","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41623828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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