Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.12
Conner Gorry
{"title":"Health Care is a Right, Not a Commodity: The Legacy of Dr Paul Farmer MD PhD.","authors":"Conner Gorry","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 3-4","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9599111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.13
M T Osterholm, C Rabadán-Diehl, J Anzinger, M E Bottazzi, C Christie-Samuels, N Erondu, J Marrazzo, S Milan, P K Quashie, T Schwaab, D Williams
{"title":"Executive Summary: Insights from Cuba's COVID-19 Vaccine Enterprise: Report from a High Level Fact-Finding Delegation to Cuba.","authors":"M T Osterholm, C Rabadán-Diehl, J Anzinger, M E Bottazzi, C Christie-Samuels, N Erondu, J Marrazzo, S Milan, P K Quashie, T Schwaab, D Williams","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 3-4","pages":"109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9249312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.3
Alina Artiles-Santana, Nélida L Sarasa-Muñoz, Eduardo Izaguirre-Castellanos, Elizabeth Álvarez Guerra-González, Oscar Cañizares-Luna
{"title":"Validation of a New Diagnostic Index to Determine Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes in Normal-Weight Women in Early Pregnancy.","authors":"Alina Artiles-Santana, Nélida L Sarasa-Muñoz, Eduardo Izaguirre-Castellanos, Elizabeth Álvarez Guerra-González, Oscar Cañizares-Luna","doi":"10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/MR2022.V24.N3-4.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 3-4","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9599113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.14
M T Osterholm, C Rabadán-Diehl, J Anzinger, M E Bottazzi, C Christie-Samuels, N Erondu, J Marrazzo, S Milan, P K Quashie, T Schwaab, D Williams
{"title":"Full Technical Report: Insights from Cuba's COVID-19 Vaccine Enterprise: Report from a High Level Fact-Finding Delegation to Cuba.","authors":"M T Osterholm, C Rabadán-Diehl, J Anzinger, M E Bottazzi, C Christie-Samuels, N Erondu, J Marrazzo, S Milan, P K Quashie, T Schwaab, D Williams","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.14","DOIUrl":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n3-4.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"24 3-4","pages":"72-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9249315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.1
Nayade Pereira-Roche, H. Roblejo-Balbuena, Lilia C Marín-Padrón, Rodolfo Izaguirre-Rodríguez, Francisco Sotomayor-Lugo, Yaíma Zúñiga-Rosales, María de los Ángeles González-Torres, Jacqueline Pérez-Rodríguez, Yudelmis Álvarez-Gavilán, Bárbara Torres-Rives, Maidalys Bravo-Ramírez, Yudelkis Benítez-Codero, Giselle Monzón-Benítez, L. Silva-Ayçaguer, B. Marcheco-Teruel
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 sequelae, or the short-, medium-, and long-term manifestations of the disease are under continuous study. There are currently few reports on the evolution of hematological variables following a demonstrated absence of SARS-CoV-2 after infection. OBJECTIVE Identify hematological alterations in Cuban adults recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their relation with disease severity. METHODS We selected 348 persons recovered from COVID-19 residing in Havana, Cuba with an RT-PCR study negative for SARS-CoV-2 performed two weeks after hospital discharge; a structured survey was administered to obtain clinical-epidemiological data. Three groups were established according to COVID-19 clinical criteria: asymptomatic, mild/moderately symptomatic, and severely symptomatic, which, in turn, were divided according to hospital discharge date and blood sample collection date. We performed hemograms with differential leukocyte counts and compared results among groups. We then measured the associations between hematological variables, personal medical history, and relevant lifestyle habits (smoking). RESULTS All hematological variables were within normal reference limits, although men from the group of severely ill patients had increased total leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, and decreased hemoglobin and eosinophils, which was also evident in those with a recovery time of 31-90 days. CONCLUSIONS The relation between hematological variables and degree of clinical severity offers evidence as to persistence of systemic alterations (possibly inflammatory) associated with viral infection. Their identification and characterization can facilitate personalized patient followup and rehabilitation.
{"title":"Hematological Alterations in Patients Recovered from SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Havana, Cuba.","authors":"Nayade Pereira-Roche, H. Roblejo-Balbuena, Lilia C Marín-Padrón, Rodolfo Izaguirre-Rodríguez, Francisco Sotomayor-Lugo, Yaíma Zúñiga-Rosales, María de los Ángeles González-Torres, Jacqueline Pérez-Rodríguez, Yudelmis Álvarez-Gavilán, Bárbara Torres-Rives, Maidalys Bravo-Ramírez, Yudelkis Benítez-Codero, Giselle Monzón-Benítez, L. Silva-Ayçaguer, B. Marcheco-Teruel","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.1","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000COVID-19 sequelae, or the short-, medium-, and long-term manifestations of the disease are under continuous study. There are currently few reports on the evolution of hematological variables following a demonstrated absence of SARS-CoV-2 after infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Identify hematological alterations in Cuban adults recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their relation with disease severity.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We selected 348 persons recovered from COVID-19 residing in Havana, Cuba with an RT-PCR study negative for SARS-CoV-2 performed two weeks after hospital discharge; a structured survey was administered to obtain clinical-epidemiological data. Three groups were established according to COVID-19 clinical criteria: asymptomatic, mild/moderately symptomatic, and severely symptomatic, which, in turn, were divided according to hospital discharge date and blood sample collection date. We performed hemograms with differential leukocyte counts and compared results among groups. We then measured the associations between hematological variables, personal medical history, and relevant lifestyle habits (smoking).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000All hematological variables were within normal reference limits, although men from the group of severely ill patients had increased total leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, and decreased hemoglobin and eosinophils, which was also evident in those with a recovery time of 31-90 days.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The relation between hematological variables and degree of clinical severity offers evidence as to persistence of systemic alterations (possibly inflammatory) associated with viral infection. Their identification and characterization can facilitate personalized patient followup and rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78902082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.6
Jeongok G Logan,Sijung Yun,Bethany A Teachman,Yongde Bao,Emily Farber,Charles R Farber
INTRODUCTIONMost previous studies have examined the effects of acute psychological stress in humans based on select gene panels. The genomic approach may help identify novel genes that underline biological mechanisms of acute psychological stress responses.OBJECTIVEThis exploratory study aimed to investigate genome-wide transcriptional activity changes in response to acute psychological stress.METHODSThe sample included 40 healthy women (mean age 31.4 ± 11.6 years). Twenty-two participants had a stress experience induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (experimental group) and 18 did not (control group). Psychological stress levels and hemodynamic changes were assessed before and after the Trier Social Stress Test. Peripheral blood samples obtained before and after the Trier Social Stress Test were processed for mRNA sequencing.RESULTSPsychological and hemodynamic stress parameters indicated that the Trier Social Stress Test induced moderate levels of stress in the experimental group. Six genes (HCG26, HCP5, HLA-F, HLA-F-AS1, LOC1019287, and SLC22A16) were up-regulated, and fi ve genes (CA1, FBXO9, SNCA, STRADB, and TRMT12) were down-regulated among those who experienced stress induction, compared with the control group. Nine genes of eleven were linked to endocrine system disorders, neurological disease, and organismal injury and abnormalities.CONCLUSIONSOf the genes identifi ed in this study, HCP5, SLC22A16, and SNCA genes have previously been proposed as therapeutic targets for cancer and Parkinson disease. Further studies are needed to examine pathological mechanisms through which these genes mediate eff ects of psychological stress on adverse health outcomes. Such studies may ultimately identify therapeutic targets that enhance biological resilience to adverse eff ects of psychological stress.
{"title":"Genome-Wide mRNA Expression Analysis of Acute Psychological Stress Responses.","authors":"Jeongok G Logan,Sijung Yun,Bethany A Teachman,Yongde Bao,Emily Farber,Charles R Farber","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.6","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONMost previous studies have examined the effects of acute psychological stress in humans based on select gene panels. The genomic approach may help identify novel genes that underline biological mechanisms of acute psychological stress responses.OBJECTIVEThis exploratory study aimed to investigate genome-wide transcriptional activity changes in response to acute psychological stress.METHODSThe sample included 40 healthy women (mean age 31.4 ± 11.6 years). Twenty-two participants had a stress experience induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (experimental group) and 18 did not (control group). Psychological stress levels and hemodynamic changes were assessed before and after the Trier Social Stress Test. Peripheral blood samples obtained before and after the Trier Social Stress Test were processed for mRNA sequencing.RESULTSPsychological and hemodynamic stress parameters indicated that the Trier Social Stress Test induced moderate levels of stress in the experimental group. Six genes (HCG26, HCP5, HLA-F, HLA-F-AS1, LOC1019287, and SLC22A16) were up-regulated, and fi ve genes (CA1, FBXO9, SNCA, STRADB, and TRMT12) were down-regulated among those who experienced stress induction, compared with the control group. Nine genes of eleven were linked to endocrine system disorders, neurological disease, and organismal injury and abnormalities.CONCLUSIONSOf the genes identifi ed in this study, HCP5, SLC22A16, and SNCA genes have previously been proposed as therapeutic targets for cancer and Parkinson disease. Further studies are needed to examine pathological mechanisms through which these genes mediate eff ects of psychological stress on adverse health outcomes. Such studies may ultimately identify therapeutic targets that enhance biological resilience to adverse eff ects of psychological stress.","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"64 3","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138527026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION The use of various diagnostic techniques is increasingly common in pandemic scenarios. It is important to update evaluations of their metric properties in different times and settings. OBJECTIVE Evaluate metric properties of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test relative to a reference standard. METHODS We carried out a prospective evaluation study of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test as compared to the RT-PCR test, which is considered the reference standard. Our sample was comprised of 778 individuals, and we calculated sensitiv- ity, specificity, predictive values, prevalence and validity indices. RESULTS Of the total 778 samples, 70 were true positives, 658 were true negatives, and 27 were false negatives when compared to RT-PCR test results. We obtained a sensitivity of 75.3% (95% CI = 65.96-84.50); a specificity of 96.1% (95% CI = 94.53-97.59); 72.2% for positive predictive value, and 96.6% for negative predictive value. The estimated preva- lence was 11.9% and the validity index was 93.6%. CONCLUSIONS The index values validate use of the SARS- CoV-2 rapid antigen test until prevalence falls below 2.5%, since as SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence decreases, so does the predictive value of the PCR result. The use of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test on the Isle of Youth, Cuba, was decisive in the pandemic's clinical- epidemiological management.
在大流行的情况下，各种诊断技术的使用越来越普遍。在不同的时间和设置下更新其度量属性的评估是很重要的。目的相对于参考标准评价SARS-CoV-2快速抗原检测的计量特性。方法对SARS-CoV-2快速抗原检测方法与RT-PCR检测方法进行前瞻性评价研究，后者可作为参考标准。我们的样本由778个个体组成，我们计算了敏感性、特异性、预测值、患病率和有效性指标。结果与RT-PCR检测结果比较，778份样本中，真阳性70份，真阴性658份，假阴性27份。我们获得了75.3%的灵敏度(95% CI = 65.96-84.50);特异性为96.1% (95% CI = 94.53-97.59);阳性预测值为72.2%，阴性预测值为96.6%。估计患病率为11.9%，效度指数为93.6%。结论随着SARS-CoV-2感染流行率的降低，PCR结果的预测值也随之降低，因此，在SARS-CoV-2感染流行率低于2.5%之前，该指标值是有效的。在古巴青年岛使用SARS-CoV-2快速抗原检测对大流行的临床流行病学管理起了决定性作用。
{"title":"Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Tests in Use on the Isle of Youth, Cuba.","authors":"Saylí González-Fiallo, Idorka Mena-Rodríguez, Percy Castro-Batista, Víctor M. Doeste-Hernández, Viviana Louit-Laborit","doi":"10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.3","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The use of various diagnostic techniques is increasingly common in pandemic scenarios. It is important to update evaluations of their metric properties in different times and settings.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Evaluate metric properties of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test relative to a reference standard.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We carried out a prospective evaluation study of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test as compared to the RT-PCR test, which is considered the reference standard. Our sample was comprised of 778 individuals, and we calculated sensitiv- ity, specificity, predictive values, prevalence and validity indices.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Of the total 778 samples, 70 were true positives, 658 were true negatives, and 27 were false negatives when compared to RT-PCR test results. We obtained a sensitivity of 75.3% (95% CI = 65.96-84.50); a specificity of 96.1% (95% CI = 94.53-97.59); 72.2% for positive predictive value, and 96.6% for negative predictive value. The estimated preva- lence was 11.9% and the validity index was 93.6%.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The index values validate use of the SARS- CoV-2 rapid antigen test until prevalence falls below 2.5%, since as SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence decreases, so does the predictive value of the PCR result. The use of the SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test on the Isle of Youth, Cuba, was decisive in the pandemic's clinical- epidemiological management.","PeriodicalId":49835,"journal":{"name":"Medicc Review","volume":"137 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80368246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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