Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917163
Prime Niyongabo, Ildephonse Sindayigaya
Any person is always in search of social well-being. However, despite this aspiration, all people still face different problems. Some of these come from his fellow human beings and in modern States, everyone must be protected from acts that infringe his rights and freedoms. To avoid arbitrariness, States have long established various institutions to promote and protect human rights. Indeed, the judiciary is the keystone but to be effective, one of the conditions that it must fulfill remains independence. Despite both international and national instruments advocating the independence of the judiciary, this issue remains problematic in Burundi as elsewhere. This article has been prepared to analyze the Burundian population's perception of the independence of judiciary power by highlighting different points of view from the diverse representative sample. Intellectuals especially politicians, lawyers, and judicial practitioners fully understand the concept of the independence of the judiciary, the provisions that guarantee it, and their factors while Unintellectual people are less familiar with it. Nevertheless, all the people met doubt the effectiveness of the independence of the judiciary if they
{"title":"The perception of the independence of the judiciary power in Burundian law: crossed views","authors":"Prime Niyongabo, Ildephonse Sindayigaya","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917163","url":null,"abstract":"Any person is always in search of social well-being. However, despite this aspiration, all people still face different problems. Some of these come from his fellow human beings and in modern States, everyone must be protected from acts that infringe his rights and freedoms. To avoid arbitrariness, States have long established various institutions to promote and protect human rights. Indeed, the judiciary is the keystone but to be effective, one of the conditions that it must fulfill remains independence. Despite both international and national instruments advocating the independence of the judiciary, this issue remains problematic in Burundi as elsewhere. This article has been prepared to analyze the Burundian population's perception of the independence of judiciary power by highlighting different points of view from the diverse representative sample. Intellectuals especially politicians, lawyers, and judicial practitioners fully understand the concept of the independence of the judiciary, the provisions that guarantee it, and their factors while Unintellectual people are less familiar with it. Nevertheless, all the people met doubt the effectiveness of the independence of the judiciary if they","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90427356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.918515
B. Deng, Jorge Duarte, C. Januário, N. Martins
This article reports on a study of the two-dimensional parameter space of a generalized time-reversible Nos´e-Hoover oscillator. Instead of considering its original form, whose study of the one-dimensional parameter space has recently received new insights, we examine the Nos´e-Hoover model slightly modified by using a new parameter (cid:15) to introduce a dissipative term to its energizing-damping variable. We use the maximum Lyapunov exponent to numerically characterize the chaotic dynamics of the model, at representative points of the two-dimensional parameter space, treating separately two dynamical regimes resulting from: (i) the effect of lower values of (cid:15) and (ii) the effect of higher values of (cid:15) . It is shown that, for higher values of the new dissipative parameter (cid:15) , the existence of chaotic behavior only prevails for the backwards dynamics.
{"title":"On the chaotic dynamics of a modified Nose-Hoover oscillator","authors":"B. Deng, Jorge Duarte, C. Januário, N. Martins","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.918515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.918515","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study of the two-dimensional parameter space of a generalized time-reversible Nos´e-Hoover oscillator. Instead of considering its original form, whose study of the one-dimensional parameter space has recently received new insights, we examine the Nos´e-Hoover model slightly modified by using a new parameter (cid:15) to introduce a dissipative term to its energizing-damping variable. We use the maximum Lyapunov exponent to numerically characterize the chaotic dynamics of the model, at representative points of the two-dimensional parameter space, treating separately two dynamical regimes resulting from: (i) the effect of lower values of (cid:15) and (ii) the effect of higher values of (cid:15) . It is shown that, for higher values of the new dissipative parameter (cid:15) , the existence of chaotic behavior only prevails for the backwards dynamics.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86067693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917390
Mohiedeen Ahmed, A. Badawy, Essam El-Seidy, A. Gaber
In this paper we give some results on the direct product, subalgebras and homomorphisms of principal generalized MS -algebras from K 2 (briefly principal GK 2 -algebra). We reveal a connection between homomorphisms and direct products of principal GK 2 algebras. Besides, we provide some results on homomorphic images and homomorphic images inverse of subalgebras of principal GK 2 -algebras.
{"title":"On principal GK2-algebras","authors":"Mohiedeen Ahmed, A. Badawy, Essam El-Seidy, A. Gaber","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917390","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we give some results on the direct product, subalgebras and homomorphisms of principal generalized MS -algebras from K 2 (briefly principal GK 2 -algebra). We reveal a connection between homomorphisms and direct products of principal GK 2 algebras. Besides, we provide some results on homomorphic images and homomorphic images inverse of subalgebras of principal GK 2 -algebras.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77080957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917385
Pamphile Mpabansi
Burundi is overflowing with refugees, mainly from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Most of them are fleeing insecurity in their country of origin. As required by the UNHCR Handbook on International Refugee Protection and the Strengthening of National Asylum Systems, these refugees are entitled to adequate reception conditions that meet their basic needs and provide them with a decent standard of living in terms of health and welfare, pending a final decision on their asylum claim. After the reception, they must file their asylum applications as soon as possible with the Burundian asylum authorities, namely the Consultative Commission for Foreigners and Refugees (CCER) and the Appeal Committee (CR). To determine refugee status, these two asylum bodies base themselves on legal instruments, international, regional and national ones. One wonders then which of these legal instruments is used more in the determination of refugee status in Burundi. The analysis focused on the origin of the asylum seekers, on the legal basis of reference in the motivation of the decision as well as on the link between the place of reception of these asylum seekers and the decision taken. To select these files, we took into account the date of arrival of the asylum seekers (old and new) and their country of origin. We used Word, Excel, and SPSS to process the data.
{"title":"The extent to which the 1969 organization of African Unity Convention is used concerning the 1951 Geneva Convention in determining the status of refugees in Burundi","authors":"Pamphile Mpabansi","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917385","url":null,"abstract":"Burundi is overflowing with refugees, mainly from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Most of them are fleeing insecurity in their country of origin. As required by the UNHCR Handbook on International Refugee Protection and the Strengthening of National Asylum Systems, these refugees are entitled to adequate reception conditions that meet their basic needs and provide them with a decent standard of living in terms of health and welfare, pending a final decision on their asylum claim. After the reception, they must file their asylum applications as soon as possible with the Burundian asylum authorities, namely the Consultative Commission for Foreigners and Refugees (CCER) and the Appeal Committee (CR). To determine refugee status, these two asylum bodies base themselves on legal instruments, international, regional and national ones. One wonders then which of these legal instruments is used more in the determination of refugee status in Burundi. The analysis focused on the origin of the asylum seekers, on the legal basis of reference in the motivation of the decision as well as on the link between the place of reception of these asylum seekers and the decision taken. To select these files, we took into account the date of arrival of the asylum seekers (old and new) and their country of origin. We used Word, Excel, and SPSS to process the data.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84020907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917125
Denise Kavira Masingo
In the Democratic Republic, as elsewhere, agriculture is a sector exposed to climate change. Its importance in the socio-economic balance of households is not to be denied. Atmospheric changes and rainfall instability keep agriculture exposed to climate stress and its consequences. Captured through exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, vulnerability is nothing more than a predisposition to experience damage. The exposure of agriculture in the sense of vulnerability is of two kinds. It is both intrinsic and extrinsic. This refers to the conceptual definition that vulnerability is both a factor specific to agriculture and a characteristic of the farmer himself. In addition to the sector, there are the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of each farmer. This article assesses the moderating role of associative dynamics on the coping strategies and level of vulnerability of farmers in the highland area of the Baswagha Chiefdom, in Lubero territory, Democratic Republic of Congo. The data presented are from a survey of 409 heads of households in 5 groups. The results are such that associative dynamics modify the direction of the relationship between coping strategies and vulnerability of farmers, who are exposed at 62.05%; sensitive at 57.54%; have a coping capacity of 35.45%, and are, therefore, vulnerable at 38.36%.
{"title":"Coping strategies and vulnerability of farmers under the moderating effect of associative dynamics: empirical evidence from farmers in the highland zone of the Baswagha chiefdom in the Lubero territory","authors":"Denise Kavira Masingo","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917125","url":null,"abstract":"In the Democratic Republic, as elsewhere, agriculture is a sector exposed to climate change. Its importance in the socio-economic balance of households is not to be denied. Atmospheric changes and rainfall instability keep agriculture exposed to climate stress and its consequences. Captured through exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, vulnerability is nothing more than a predisposition to experience damage. The exposure of agriculture in the sense of vulnerability is of two kinds. It is both intrinsic and extrinsic. This refers to the conceptual definition that vulnerability is both a factor specific to agriculture and a characteristic of the farmer himself. In addition to the sector, there are the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of each farmer. This article assesses the moderating role of associative dynamics on the coping strategies and level of vulnerability of farmers in the highland area of the Baswagha Chiefdom, in Lubero territory, Democratic Republic of Congo. The data presented are from a survey of 409 heads of households in 5 groups. The results are such that associative dynamics modify the direction of the relationship between coping strategies and vulnerability of farmers, who are exposed at 62.05%; sensitive at 57.54%; have a coping capacity of 35.45%, and are, therefore, vulnerable at 38.36%.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80645290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917467
M. Aliano, Lucianna Cananà, T. Ciano, M. Ferrara, S. Ragni
In this paper we perform the stability analysis of the risk-free equilibrium point which characterizes a financial contagion dynamics. The model is formulated in the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered approach by employing an analogy between economic sectors and ecosystems. The
{"title":"A nonlinear dynamics for risk contagion: analyzing the not risk-free equilibrium","authors":"M. Aliano, Lucianna Cananà, T. Ciano, M. Ferrara, S. Ragni","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917467","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we perform the stability analysis of the risk-free equilibrium point which characterizes a financial contagion dynamics. The model is formulated in the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered approach by employing an analogy between economic sectors and ecosystems. The","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88331289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917491
J. Ndayizeye, Pierre Nduwingoma, Edith Ndereyimana, Alexis Banuza, Rosalie Bikorindagara, Ildephonse Nsengiyumva, Emmanuella Ahishakiye
This paper discusses the use of card games as a teaching tool for French and physics. It presents findings from an experiment conducted by the Centre de Didactique des Disciplines et de Diffusion des Sciences (CRDS) at the Institut de Pédagogie Appliquée – University of Burundi. The article aims to describe and analyze the use of card games in French and physics lessons. The study found that learners are motivated and actively engaged in the classroom when using this strategy. While some teachers noted that preparing for the game could be time-consuming, overall, the card game approach was regarded as an enjoyable and effective learning tool.
{"title":"The use of traditional board games in the teaching and learning of French and Physics: the case of the card game","authors":"J. Ndayizeye, Pierre Nduwingoma, Edith Ndereyimana, Alexis Banuza, Rosalie Bikorindagara, Ildephonse Nsengiyumva, Emmanuella Ahishakiye","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917491","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the use of card games as a teaching tool for French and physics. It presents findings from an experiment conducted by the Centre de Didactique des Disciplines et de Diffusion des Sciences (CRDS) at the Institut de Pédagogie Appliquée – University of Burundi. The article aims to describe and analyze the use of card games in French and physics lessons. The study found that learners are motivated and actively engaged in the classroom when using this strategy. While some teachers noted that preparing for the game could be time-consuming, overall, the card game approach was regarded as an enjoyable and effective learning tool.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76013006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917445
Donatien Ciza, Ildephonse Sindayigaya
This study aims to analyze whether the law n°1/10 of March 22, 2022, on the prevention and repression of cybercrime, incriminates one of the new forms of exploitation and sexual abuse of children in this informational world: the solicitation of children for sexual purposes. A comparative analysis has allowed us to identify that the acts of soliciting children for sexual purposes are incriminated in article 44 of this law, but that they are poorly qualified. They are qualified as the publication of indecent information in electronic form. This, in our opinion, is wrong in its very substance as we have noted in our study. This being said, the current state of the literature in information and communication technology law uses appropriate terminology to qualify these types of facts which is the solicitation of children for sexual purposes. This is the case with some international legal instruments, as well as the Terminology Guide of the Intra-institutional Working Group, as we have noted. We conclude by inviting the Burundian legislator to remedy this situation. In this way, it would have contributed to more effective protection of children against all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse, if we use
{"title":"The repression of the solicitation of children for sexual purposes online (grooming) in Burundian positive law","authors":"Donatien Ciza, Ildephonse Sindayigaya","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917445","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze whether the law n°1/10 of March 22, 2022, on the prevention and repression of cybercrime, incriminates one of the new forms of exploitation and sexual abuse of children in this informational world: the solicitation of children for sexual purposes. A comparative analysis has allowed us to identify that the acts of soliciting children for sexual purposes are incriminated in article 44 of this law, but that they are poorly qualified. They are qualified as the publication of indecent information in electronic form. This, in our opinion, is wrong in its very substance as we have noted in our study. This being said, the current state of the literature in information and communication technology law uses appropriate terminology to qualify these types of facts which is the solicitation of children for sexual purposes. This is the case with some international legal instruments, as well as the Terminology Guide of the Intra-institutional Working Group, as we have noted. We conclude by inviting the Burundian legislator to remedy this situation. In this way, it would have contributed to more effective protection of children against all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse, if we use","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73816822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917473
G. Cappelletti, Rossana Caputo, Michela Cariglia, L. Grilli, C. Russo, D. Santoro, Giacinto Angelo Sgarro
The Blockchain is a shared and “immutable data structure defined as a digital register whose entries are grouped into “blocks, concatenated in chronological order, and whose integrity is guaranteed through the use of cryptography. Blockchain technology in agriculture and agribusiness has gained significant attention as a potential solution to various challenges the agri-food industry faces. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis exploring the various applications of Blockchain in agriculture and agribusiness. We examine the types of technology used, the specific product branches involved, and the security protocols em-ployed. Our findings show that several experiments and pilot projects have been conducted in the field and that Blockchain applications such as Hyperledger Fabric and Corda are ready for real-world implementation in the agri-food sector. We also identify potential benefits of using Blockchain in the agri-food sector, including enhanced product quality guarantees, improved traceability and transparency, assurance of provenance, and more equitable distribution of profits along the agri-food supply chain. Overall, our review suggests that the use of Blockchain in agriculture and agribusiness has the potential to address a range of challenges faced by these sectors and drive innovation, technical, and economic efficiencies.
{"title":"Harnessing the power of blockchain in the agri-food sector: a meta-analysis of current research and best practices","authors":"G. Cappelletti, Rossana Caputo, Michela Cariglia, L. Grilli, C. Russo, D. Santoro, Giacinto Angelo Sgarro","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917473","url":null,"abstract":"The Blockchain is a shared and “immutable data structure defined as a digital register whose entries are grouped into “blocks, concatenated in chronological order, and whose integrity is guaranteed through the use of cryptography. Blockchain technology in agriculture and agribusiness has gained significant attention as a potential solution to various challenges the agri-food industry faces. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis exploring the various applications of Blockchain in agriculture and agribusiness. We examine the types of technology used, the specific product branches involved, and the security protocols em-ployed. Our findings show that several experiments and pilot projects have been conducted in the field and that Blockchain applications such as Hyperledger Fabric and Corda are ready for real-world implementation in the agri-food sector. We also identify potential benefits of using Blockchain in the agri-food sector, including enhanced product quality guarantees, improved traceability and transparency, assurance of provenance, and more equitable distribution of profits along the agri-food supply chain. Overall, our review suggests that the use of Blockchain in agriculture and agribusiness has the potential to address a range of challenges faced by these sectors and drive innovation, technical, and economic efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"225 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86005789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917368
Viateur Ndericimpaye
The state of asylum or refugee situation, challenges the right to quality education and the approaches of countries are different from each other. This article analyzes the situation of the right to education of Congolese children who are housed in the refugee camps of Musasa in Burundi. Access to education, equal opportunity, the best interests of the child, and compliance with international commitments shape the landscape of the right to quality education. The article further shows that quality education for refugee children is precarious and poses many challenges in its implementation. This is further measured by the results collected from the school in MUSASA refugee camp. It is noted that in almost all school years the success rate is much lower than 50%. In addition, the implementation of the rights related to education by the state, such as Burundi, is a Utopia. The factors that are at the height of this success rate, are among others the qualification of teachers, the supervision of teachers and students, overcrowded classes lack of equipment and laboratory, discouragement of teachers due to the non-existent salary, resignation from the teaching career due to lack of sufficient salary etc. In addition, it has been
{"title":"Applicability of international refugee law to quality education for Congolese children in Burundi: a human rights and refugee perspective","authors":"Viateur Ndericimpaye","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917368","url":null,"abstract":"The state of asylum or refugee situation, challenges the right to quality education and the approaches of countries are different from each other. This article analyzes the situation of the right to education of Congolese children who are housed in the refugee camps of Musasa in Burundi. Access to education, equal opportunity, the best interests of the child, and compliance with international commitments shape the landscape of the right to quality education. The article further shows that quality education for refugee children is precarious and poses many challenges in its implementation. This is further measured by the results collected from the school in MUSASA refugee camp. It is noted that in almost all school years the success rate is much lower than 50%. In addition, the implementation of the rights related to education by the state, such as Burundi, is a Utopia. The factors that are at the height of this success rate, are among others the qualification of teachers, the supervision of teachers and students, overcrowded classes lack of equipment and laboratory, discouragement of teachers due to the non-existent salary, resignation from the teaching career due to lack of sufficient salary etc. In addition, it has been","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85805109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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