Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917368
Viateur Ndericimpaye
The state of asylum or refugee situation, challenges the right to quality education and the approaches of countries are different from each other. This article analyzes the situation of the right to education of Congolese children who are housed in the refugee camps of Musasa in Burundi. Access to education, equal opportunity, the best interests of the child, and compliance with international commitments shape the landscape of the right to quality education. The article further shows that quality education for refugee children is precarious and poses many challenges in its implementation. This is further measured by the results collected from the school in MUSASA refugee camp. It is noted that in almost all school years the success rate is much lower than 50%. In addition, the implementation of the rights related to education by the state, such as Burundi, is a Utopia. The factors that are at the height of this success rate, are among others the qualification of teachers, the supervision of teachers and students, overcrowded classes lack of equipment and laboratory, discouragement of teachers due to the non-existent salary, resignation from the teaching career due to lack of sufficient salary etc. In addition, it has been
{"title":"Applicability of international refugee law to quality education for Congolese children in Burundi: a human rights and refugee perspective","authors":"Viateur Ndericimpaye","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917368","url":null,"abstract":"The state of asylum or refugee situation, challenges the right to quality education and the approaches of countries are different from each other. This article analyzes the situation of the right to education of Congolese children who are housed in the refugee camps of Musasa in Burundi. Access to education, equal opportunity, the best interests of the child, and compliance with international commitments shape the landscape of the right to quality education. The article further shows that quality education for refugee children is precarious and poses many challenges in its implementation. This is further measured by the results collected from the school in MUSASA refugee camp. It is noted that in almost all school years the success rate is much lower than 50%. In addition, the implementation of the rights related to education by the state, such as Burundi, is a Utopia. The factors that are at the height of this success rate, are among others the qualification of teachers, the supervision of teachers and students, overcrowded classes lack of equipment and laboratory, discouragement of teachers due to the non-existent salary, resignation from the teaching career due to lack of sufficient salary etc. In addition, it has been","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85805109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917395
Min-Jen Jou, Jenq-Jong Lin, Guan-Yu Lin
A set D of vertices of G is an independent dominating set if no two vertices of D are adjacent and every vertex not in D is adjacent to at lest one vertex in D . The independent domination number of a graph G , denoted by i ( G ), is the minimum cardinality of an independent dominating set in G . A unicyclic graph is a connected graph containing exactly one cycle. For k ≥ 1, let H ( k ) be the set of unicyclic graphs H satisfying i ( H ) = k . In this paper, we provide a constructive characterization of H ( k ) for all k ≥ 1.
{"title":"A characterization of unicyclic graphs with the same independent domination number","authors":"Min-Jen Jou, Jenq-Jong Lin, Guan-Yu Lin","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917395","url":null,"abstract":"A set D of vertices of G is an independent dominating set if no two vertices of D are adjacent and every vertex not in D is adjacent to at lest one vertex in D . The independent domination number of a graph G , denoted by i ( G ), is the minimum cardinality of an independent dominating set in G . A unicyclic graph is a connected graph containing exactly one cycle. For k ≥ 1, let H ( k ) be the set of unicyclic graphs H satisfying i ( H ) = k . In this paper, we provide a constructive characterization of H ( k ) for all k ≥ 1.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88950387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917446
S. Bertarelli, C. Lodi, S. Ragni
Natural resource stocks are drastically shrinking and the contempo-rary debate on depletion of reserves highlights their crucial role over time. This paper deals with the management of exhaustible resources when recycling and extraction are employed, as well as the short-term effects of the economic transition towards circularity on consumption and welfare. Mathematical modeling may support effective plans for maximizing social welfare and protecting the environment. Concerning the production of a certain good, an optimal control model is studied to allocate labor between mining and recycling over a finite time horizon. A suit-able scrap value function allows for reducing waste and maintaining natural stock in the forthcoming future. Well-posedness of the problem is proved and some qualitative features of the optimal solution are stated.
{"title":"Non-renewable input and waste stock: optimal transition towards circularity","authors":"S. Bertarelli, C. Lodi, S. Ragni","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917446","url":null,"abstract":"Natural resource stocks are drastically shrinking and the contempo-rary debate on depletion of reserves highlights their crucial role over time. This paper deals with the management of exhaustible resources when recycling and extraction are employed, as well as the short-term effects of the economic transition towards circularity on consumption and welfare. Mathematical modeling may support effective plans for maximizing social welfare and protecting the environment. Concerning the production of a certain good, an optimal control model is studied to allocate labor between mining and recycling over a finite time horizon. A suit-able scrap value function allows for reducing waste and maintaining natural stock in the forthcoming future. Well-posedness of the problem is proved and some qualitative features of the optimal solution are stated.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87491259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917473
G. Cappelletti, Rossana Caputo, Michela Cariglia, L. Grilli, C. Russo, D. Santoro, Giacinto Angelo Sgarro
The Blockchain is a shared and “immutable data structure defined as a digital register whose entries are grouped into “blocks, concatenated in chronological order, and whose integrity is guaranteed through the use of cryptography. Blockchain technology in agriculture and agribusiness has gained significant attention as a potential solution to various challenges the agri-food industry faces. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis exploring the various applications of Blockchain in agriculture and agribusiness. We examine the types of technology used, the specific product branches involved, and the security protocols em-ployed. Our findings show that several experiments and pilot projects have been conducted in the field and that Blockchain applications such as Hyperledger Fabric and Corda are ready for real-world implementation in the agri-food sector. We also identify potential benefits of using Blockchain in the agri-food sector, including enhanced product quality guarantees, improved traceability and transparency, assurance of provenance, and more equitable distribution of profits along the agri-food supply chain. Overall, our review suggests that the use of Blockchain in agriculture and agribusiness has the potential to address a range of challenges faced by these sectors and drive innovation, technical, and economic efficiencies.
{"title":"Harnessing the power of blockchain in the agri-food sector: a meta-analysis of current research and best practices","authors":"G. Cappelletti, Rossana Caputo, Michela Cariglia, L. Grilli, C. Russo, D. Santoro, Giacinto Angelo Sgarro","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917473","url":null,"abstract":"The Blockchain is a shared and “immutable data structure defined as a digital register whose entries are grouped into “blocks, concatenated in chronological order, and whose integrity is guaranteed through the use of cryptography. Blockchain technology in agriculture and agribusiness has gained significant attention as a potential solution to various challenges the agri-food industry faces. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis exploring the various applications of Blockchain in agriculture and agribusiness. We examine the types of technology used, the specific product branches involved, and the security protocols em-ployed. Our findings show that several experiments and pilot projects have been conducted in the field and that Blockchain applications such as Hyperledger Fabric and Corda are ready for real-world implementation in the agri-food sector. We also identify potential benefits of using Blockchain in the agri-food sector, including enhanced product quality guarantees, improved traceability and transparency, assurance of provenance, and more equitable distribution of profits along the agri-food supply chain. Overall, our review suggests that the use of Blockchain in agriculture and agribusiness has the potential to address a range of challenges faced by these sectors and drive innovation, technical, and economic efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86005789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917389
Anamika Sharma, Geetanjali Sharma
Cap and trade can be effective in reducing emissions and promoting sustainability by providing a clear measurable target and a flexible, market-based mechanism for achieving that target. In this paper, demand is taken as selling price dependent. The effect of inflation is also taken into consideration. We developed a sustainable inventory model with a cap-and-trade policy. The model aims to find the optimal inventory level for a retailer that balances economic sustainability and environmental responsibilities. By considering the cost of carbon emissions and the financial impact of inventory levels on the company, the model helps managers make informed decisions about inventory control that support both economic and environmental goals. The numerical illustration is carried out by using the software Mathematica 12.0. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the behavior of different parameters on an optimal solution.
{"title":"Sustainable inventory model with price dependent demand under cap-and-trade policy","authors":"Anamika Sharma, Geetanjali Sharma","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917389","url":null,"abstract":"Cap and trade can be effective in reducing emissions and promoting sustainability by providing a clear measurable target and a flexible, market-based mechanism for achieving that target. In this paper, demand is taken as selling price dependent. The effect of inflation is also taken into consideration. We developed a sustainable inventory model with a cap-and-trade policy. The model aims to find the optimal inventory level for a retailer that balances economic sustainability and environmental responsibilities. By considering the cost of carbon emissions and the financial impact of inventory levels on the company, the model helps managers make informed decisions about inventory control that support both economic and environmental goals. The numerical illustration is carried out by using the software Mathematica 12.0. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the behavior of different parameters on an optimal solution.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83576965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.918526
Jose-Salathiel Kossa-Kongbowali
In this paper, we propose a new method called Simultaneous Co-Inertia Analysis type 2 (SCIA2), which is a new approach of Simultaneous Co-Inertia Analysis (SCIA) in the context of two vertical multi-tables. The objective is to study the stability of the relationships be-tween pairs of tables having the same individuals, by constructing the common axes of representation of variables and individuals simultaneously, that is to say to construct in a single move, a orthogonal matrix containing the solutions. In ecology by example, this method consisting being describe the evolution of the fauna-environment relationship from one season to another. This method was programmed with the software scilab and the charts with the software R.
{"title":"New approach of analysis of the relationship between two vertical multi-tables: SCIA2 method","authors":"Jose-Salathiel Kossa-Kongbowali","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.918526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.918526","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new method called Simultaneous Co-Inertia Analysis type 2 (SCIA2), which is a new approach of Simultaneous Co-Inertia Analysis (SCIA) in the context of two vertical multi-tables. The objective is to study the stability of the relationships be-tween pairs of tables having the same individuals, by constructing the common axes of representation of variables and individuals simultaneously, that is to say to construct in a single move, a orthogonal matrix containing the solutions. In ecology by example, this method consisting being describe the evolution of the fauna-environment relationship from one season to another. This method was programmed with the software scilab and the charts with the software R.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135701418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.918528
Meiyang Zhang, Jingli Xie, Hongli Guo
In this paper, we consider a predator-prey model with fear effect, cooperation, stage structure and refuge. The local stability and Hopf bifurcation of positive equilibrium point with time delay as parameter are discussed under different conditions of time delay. When the time delay is equal to the critical value, Hopf bifurcation occurs at the positive equilibrium point of the model. Finally, the previous findings are verified by numerical simulation.
{"title":"The impact of fear effect on the dynamics of a double delays predator-prey model with stage structure, cooperation and refuge","authors":"Meiyang Zhang, Jingli Xie, Hongli Guo","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.918528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.918528","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider a predator-prey model with fear effect, cooperation, stage structure and refuge. The local stability and Hopf bifurcation of positive equilibrium point with time delay as parameter are discussed under different conditions of time delay. When the time delay is equal to the critical value, Hopf bifurcation occurs at the positive equilibrium point of the model. Finally, the previous findings are verified by numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917391
Xin Chang, Muyuan Liu, Liang Yan
In this paper, based on the line-search technique, an iteration method to solve pseudomonotone variational inequality problem in 2-uniformly convex Banach spaces is introduced. The iteration scheme presented in this paper is proved to converge strongly to a solution of the pseudomonotone variational inequality problem. Our result extends the main result in [4]
{"title":"The strong convergence for solutions of pseudomonotone variational inequality problem in Banach spaces","authors":"Xin Chang, Muyuan Liu, Liang Yan","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917391","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, based on the line-search technique, an iteration method to solve pseudomonotone variational inequality problem in 2-uniformly convex Banach spaces is introduced. The iteration scheme presented in this paper is proved to converge strongly to a solution of the pseudomonotone variational inequality problem. Our result extends the main result in [4]","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77635823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12988/ams.2023.917477
B. Deng, Jorge Duarte, C. Januário, N. Martins
Mathematical analysis of nonlinear models in epidemiology has generated a deep interest in gaining insights into the mechanisms that underlie hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. In this article, we provide a study of a chronic HCV infection model with immune response, incorporating the effect of dendritic cells (DC) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Considering very recent developments in the literature related to the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), we calculate the explicit series solutions of the HCV model, focusing our analysis on a particular set of dynamical variables. An optimal homotopy analysis approach is used to improve the computational efficiency of HAM by means of appropriate values for a convergence control parameter, which greatly accelerates the convergence of the series solutions. The approximated analytical solutions, with the variation of a parameter representing the expansion rate of CTL, are used to compute density plots, which allow us to discuss additional dynamical features of the model
{"title":"Measures of complexity in Nose-Hoover oscillator and a possible new chaos generation mechanism","authors":"B. Deng, Jorge Duarte, C. Januário, N. Martins","doi":"10.12988/ams.2023.917477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2023.917477","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical analysis of nonlinear models in epidemiology has generated a deep interest in gaining insights into the mechanisms that underlie hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. In this article, we provide a study of a chronic HCV infection model with immune response, incorporating the effect of dendritic cells (DC) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Considering very recent developments in the literature related to the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), we calculate the explicit series solutions of the HCV model, focusing our analysis on a particular set of dynamical variables. An optimal homotopy analysis approach is used to improve the computational efficiency of HAM by means of appropriate values for a convergence control parameter, which greatly accelerates the convergence of the series solutions. The approximated analytical solutions, with the variation of a parameter representing the expansion rate of CTL, are used to compute density plots, which allow us to discuss additional dynamical features of the model","PeriodicalId":49860,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Models & Methods in Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82960909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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