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Mathematical analysis of the two‐phase two‐component fluid flow in porous media by an artificial persistent variables approach 用人工持久变量法对多孔介质中的两相双组分流体流动进行数学分析
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10454
Anja Vrbaški, Ana Žgaljić Keko
This paper deals with the existence of weak solutions of the system that describes the two‐phase two‐component fluid flow in porous media. Both two‐phase and possible one‐phase flow regions are taken into account. Our research is based on a global pressure, an artificial variable that allows us to partially decouple the original equations. As a second primary unknown for the system, we choose the gas pseudo‐pressure, a persistent variable which coincides with the gas pressure in the two‐phase regions while it does not have physical meaning in one‐phase flow regions, when only the liquid phase is present. This allows us to introduce an another persistent variable that is an artificial variable in one‐phase flow regions and a physical variable in two‐phase flow regions—the capillary pseudopressure. We rewrite the system's equations in a fully equivalent form in terms of the global pressure and the gas‐pseudo pressure. In order to prove the existence of weak solutions of obtained system, we also use the capillary pseudo‐pressure. By using it, we can decouple obtained equations on the discrete level. This allows us to derive the existence result for weak solutions in more tractable way.
本文论述了描述多孔介质中两相两组分流体流动的系统的弱解存在性。既考虑了两相流动区域,也考虑了可能的单相流动区域。我们的研究以全局压力为基础,这个人为变量允许我们对原始方程进行部分解耦。作为系统的第二个主要未知数,我们选择了气体伪压力,这是一个持久变量,在两相流动区域与气体压力一致,而在单相流动区域,当只有液相存在时,它没有物理意义。因此,我们可以引入另一个持久变量--毛细管假压力,它在单相流区域是一个人工变量,而在两相流区域则是一个物理变量。我们用全局压力和气体伪压力以完全等价的形式重写了系统方程。为了证明所得系统弱解的存在,我们还使用了毛细管伪压力。通过使用它,我们可以在离散层面上解耦所得方程。这样,我们就能以更简便的方式推导出弱解的存在性结果。
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引用次数: 0
Barrett's paradox of cooperation in the case of quasi‐linear utilities 准线性效用情况下的巴雷特合作悖论
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10447
Elvio Accinelli, Atefeh Afsar, Filipe Martins, José Martins, Bruno M.P.M. Oliveira, Jorge Oviedo, Alberto A. Pinto, Luis Quintas
This paper fits in the theory of international agreements by studying the success of stable coalitions of agents seeking the preservation of a public good. Extending Baliga and Maskin, we consider a model of homogeneous agents with quasi‐linear utilities of the form , where is the aggregate contribution and the exponent is the elasticity of the gross utility. When the value of the elasticity increases in its natural range , we prove the following five main results in the formation of stable coalitions: (i) the gap of cooperation, characterized as the ratio of the welfare of the grand coalition to the welfare of the competitive singleton coalition grows to infinity, which we interpret as a measure of the urge or need to save the public good; (ii) the size of stable coalitions increases from 1 up to ; (iii) the ratio of the welfare of stable coalitions to the welfare of the competitive singleton coalition grows to infinity; (iv) the ratio of the welfare of stable coalitions to the welfare of the grand coalition “decreases” (a lot), up to when the number of members of the stable coalition is approximately and after that it “increases” (a lot); and (v) the growth of stable coalitions occurs with a much greater loss of the coalition members when compared with free‐riders. Result (v) has two major drawbacks: (a) A priori, it is difficult to “convince” agents to be members of the stable coalition and (b) together with results (i) and (iv), it explains and leads to the “pessimistic” Barrett's paradox of cooperation, even in a case not much considered in the literature: The ratio of the welfare of the stable coalitions against the welfare of the grand coalition is small, even in the extreme case where there are few (or a single) free‐riders and the gap of cooperation is large. “Optimistically,” result (iii) shows that stable coalitions do much better than the competitive singleton coalition. Furthermore, result (ii) proves that the paradox of cooperation is resolved for larger values of so that the grand coalition is stabilized.
本文通过研究寻求维护公共利益的代理人组成的稳定联盟的成功与否,来探讨国际协议理论。在巴利加和马斯金的基础上,我们考虑了一个具有准线性效用的同质代理人模型,其形式为 ,其中, 是总贡献,指数是总效用的弹性。当弹性值在其自然范围内增加时,我们证明了以下五个关于稳定联盟形成的主要结果:(i) 合作差距(表征为大联盟的福利与竞争性单一联盟的福利之比)增长到无穷大,我们将其解释为对拯救公共利益的冲动或需求的度量;(ii) 稳定联盟的规模从 1 增长到;(iii) 稳定联盟的福利与竞争性单一联盟的福利之比增长到无穷大;(iv) 稳定联盟的福利与大联盟的福利之比 "减少"(很多),直到稳定联盟的成员数达到近似值,之后 "增加"(很多);以及 (v) 与自由搭便车者相比,稳定联盟的增长会造成联盟成员的更大损失。结果(v)有两个主要缺点:(a)先验地,很难 "说服 "代理人成为稳定联盟的成员;(b)与结果(i)和(iv)一起,它解释并导致了 "悲观 "的巴雷特合作悖论,即使在文献中考虑不多的情况下也是如此:稳定联盟的福利与大联盟的福利之比很小,即使在自由搭便车者很少(或只有一个)、合作差距很大的极端情况下也是如此。从 "乐观 "的角度看,结果(iii)表明稳定联盟比竞争性的单人联盟要好得多。此外,结果(ii)还证明,合作悖论在合作悖论值越大时越容易解决,因此大联盟是稳定的。
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引用次数: 0
Global stability in the Ricker model with delay and stocking 有延迟和存量的里克尔模型的总体稳定性
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10440
Ziyad AlSharawi, Sadok Kallel
We consider the Ricker model with delay and constant or periodic stocking. We found that the high stocking density tends to neutralize the delay effect on stability. Conditions are established on the parameters to ensure the global stability of the equilibrium solution in the case of constant stocking, as well as the global stability of the 2‐periodic solution in the case of 2‐periodic stocking. Our approach extensively relies on the utilization of the embedding technique. Whether constant stocking or periodic stocking, the model has the potential to undergo a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation in both cases. However, the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation in the 2‐periodic case results in the emergence of two invariant curves that collectively function as a single attractor. Finally, we pose open questions in the form of conjectures about global stability for certain choices of the parameters.
我们考虑了具有延迟和恒定或周期放养的 Ricker 模型。我们发现,高密度放养往往会中和延迟对稳定性的影响。我们建立了参数条件,以确保恒定放养情况下平衡解的全局稳定性,以及双周期放养情况下双周期解的全局稳定性。我们的方法广泛依赖于嵌入技术的使用。无论是恒定放养还是周期放养,模型在两种情况下都有可能出现 Neimark-Sacker 分岔。然而,在双周期情况下,Neimark-Sacker 分岔会导致出现两条不变曲线,它们共同作为一个吸引子。最后,我们以猜想的形式提出了关于某些参数选择下全局稳定性的开放性问题。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of impulsive Caputo fractional integro‐differential equations with delay 有延迟的脉冲卡普托分数积分微分方程的分析
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10426
Akbar Zada, Usman Riaz, Junaid Jamshed, Mehboob Alam, Afef Kallekh
The main focus of this manuscript is to study an impulsive fractional integro‐differential equation with delay and Caputo fractional derivative. The existence solution of such a class of fractional differential equations is discussed for linear and nonlinear case with the help of direct integral method. Moreover, Banach's fixed point theorem and Schaefer's fixed point theorem are use to discuss the uniqueness and at least one solution of the said fractional differential equations, respectively. Some hypothesis and inequalities are utilize to present four different types of Hyers–Ulam stability of the mentioned impulsive integro‐differential equation. Example is provide for the illustration of main results.
本手稿的重点是研究具有延迟和卡普托分数导数的脉冲分数积分微分方程。在直接积分法的帮助下,讨论了这类分数微分方程在线性和非线性情况下的存在解。此外,还利用巴纳赫定点定理和谢弗定点定理分别讨论了上述分数微分方程的唯一性和至少一个解。利用一些假设和不等式提出了上述脉冲积分微分方程的四种不同类型的 Hyers-Ulam 稳定性。为说明主要结果还提供了实例。
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引用次数: 0
A new Laguerre wavelets‐based method for solving Fredholm integral equations with weakly singular logarithmic kernel 基于拉盖尔小波的新方法,用于求解具有弱奇异对数核的弗雷德霍姆积分方程
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10405
Srikanta Behera, Santanu Saha Ray
In this study, a wavelet‐based collocation scheme has been introduced for solving the linear and nonlinear Fredholm integral equations as well as the system of linear Fredholm integral equations with weakly singular logarithmic kernel. Initially, Laguerre wavelets have been constructed by dilation and translation of Laguerre polynomials. For the numerical solution of the Fredholm integral equations, all the functions have been approximated with respect to the Laguerre wavelets. Then, the proposed linear and nonlinear Fredholm integral equations reduce to systems of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations by utilizing the function approximations. Furthermore, the error estimation and the convergence analysis of the presented method have been discussed. Moreover, the numerical results of the several experiments have also been presented in both graphical and tabular form to describe the accuracy and efficiency of the approached method, and also, to determine the validity of the presented scheme, the approximate solutions and absolute error values are compared with the results obtained by other existing approaches.
本研究引入了一种基于小波的配位方案,用于求解线性和非线性弗雷德霍姆积分方程以及具有弱奇异对数核的线性弗雷德霍姆积分方程系统。最初,拉盖尔小波是通过拉盖尔多项式的扩张和平移构建的。在对弗雷德霍姆积分方程进行数值求解时,所有函数都用 Laguerre 小波进行近似。然后,利用函数近似,将所提出的线性和非线性弗雷德霍姆积分方程简化为线性和非线性代数方程系统。此外,还讨论了所提出方法的误差估计和收敛分析。此外,还以图形和表格形式给出了多个实验的数值结果,以说明所采用方法的准确性和效率,同时,为了确定所提出方案的有效性,还将近似解和绝对误差值与其他现有方法得出的结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning solution of optimal reinsurance‐investment strategies with inside information and multiple risks 利用内部信息和多重风险的深度学习解决方案,优化再保险投资策略
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10465
Fanyi Peng, Ming Yan, Shuhua Zhang
This paper investigates an optimal investment‐reinsurance problem for an insurer who possesses inside information regarding the future realizations of the claim process and risky asset process. The insurer sells insurance contracts, has access to proportional reinsurance business, and invests in a financial market consisting of three assets: one risk‐free asset, one bond, and one stock. Here, the nominal interest rate is characterized by the Vasicek model, and the stock price is driven by Heston's stochastic volatility model. Applying the enlargement of filtration techniques, we establish the optimal control problem in which an insurer maximizes the expected power utility of the terminal wealth. By using the dynamic programming principle, the problem can be changed to four‐dimensional Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. In addition, we adopt a deep neural network method by which the partial differential equation is converted to two backward stochastic differential equations and solved by a stochastic gradient descent‐type optimization procedure. Numerical results obtained using TensorFlow in Python and the economic behavior of the approximate optimal strategy and the approximate optimal utility of the insurer are analyzed.
本文研究的是一个保险人的最优投资-再保险问题,该保险人拥有关于索赔过程和风险资产过程未来实现的内部信息。该保险公司销售保险合同,获得按比例再保险业务,并投资于由三种资产组成的金融市场:一种无风险资产、一种债券和一种股票。在此,名义利率由 Vasicek 模型表征,股票价格由 Heston 随机波动模型驱动。应用放大过滤技术,我们建立了一个最优控制问题,在这个问题中,保险人最大化了终端财富的预期功率效用。利用动态编程原理,该问题可转化为四维 Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman 方程。此外,我们还采用了一种深度神经网络方法,将偏微分方程转换为两个后向随机微分方程,并通过随机梯度下降式优化程序进行求解。我们使用 Python 中的 TensorFlow 获得了数值结果,并分析了近似最优策略的经济行为和保险人的近似最优效用。
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引用次数: 0
Solving a non‐standard Optimal Control royalty payment problem using a new modified shooting method 用新的修正射击法解决非标准优化控制版税支付问题
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10457
Suliadi Firdaus Sufahani, Wan Noor Afifah Wan Ahmad, Kavikumar Jacob, Sharidan Shafie, Ruzairi Abdul Rahim, Mahmod Abd Hakim Mohamad, Mohd Saifullah Rusiman, Rozaini Roslan, Mohd Zulariffin Md Maarof, Muhamad Ali Imran Kamarudin
This paper considers a non‐standard Optimal Control problem that has an application in economics. The primary focus of this research is to solve the royalty problem, which has been categorized as a non‐standard Optimal Control problem, where the final state value and its functional performance index value are unknown. A new continuous necessary condition is investigated for the final state value so that it will convert the final costate value into a non‐zero value. The research analyzes the seven‐stage royalty piecewise function, which is then approximated to continuous form with the help of the hyperbolic tangent function and solves the problem by using a new modified shooting method. This modified shooting method applies Sufahani–Ahmad–Newton–Brent–Royalty Algorithm and Sufahani‐Ahmad‐Powell‐Brent‐Royalty Algorithm. For a validation process, the results are compared with the existing methods such as Euler, Runge–Kutta, Trapezoidal, and Hermite–Simpson approximations, and the results show that the proposed method yields an accurate terminal state value.
本文探讨了一个在经济学中应用的非标准最优控制问题。本研究的主要重点是解决特许权使用费问题,该问题被归类为非标准最优控制问题,其最终状态值及其功能性能指标值都是未知的。针对最终状态值,研究了一种新的连续必要条件,以便将最终成本值转换为非零值。研究分析了七阶段特许权使用费片断函数,然后借助双曲正切函数将其近似为连续形式,并使用一种新的修正射击法来解决问题。这种改进的射击法应用了 Sufahani-Ahmad-Newton-Brent-Royalty 算法和 Sufahani-Ahmad-Powell-Brent-Royalty 算法。在验证过程中,将结果与现有方法(如欧拉、Runge-Kutta、梯形、Hermite-Simpson 近似)进行了比较,结果表明所提出的方法能得到精确的末端状态值。
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引用次数: 0
A nonlocal Kirchhoff diffusion problem with singular potential and logarithmic nonlinearity 具有奇异势能和对数非线性的非局部基尔霍夫扩散问题
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10451
Zhong Tan, Yi Yang
In this paper, we investigate the following fractional Kirchhoff‐type pseudo parabolic equation driven by a nonlocal integro‐differential operator : where represents the Gagliardo seminorm of . Instead of imposing specific assumptions on the Kirchhoff function, we introduce a more general sense to establish the local existence of weak solutions. Moreover, via the sharp fractional Hardy inequality, the decay estimates for global weak solutions, the blow‐up criterion, blow‐up rate, and the upper and lower bounds of the blow‐up time are derived. Lastly, we discuss the global existence and finite time blow‐up results with high initial energy.
在本文中,我们研究了由非局部积分微分算子驱动的以下分数基尔霍夫型伪抛物方程: 其中表示 。 我们没有对基尔霍夫函数施加特定假设,而是引入了一种更普遍的意义来建立局部弱解的存在性。此外,通过尖锐的分数哈代不等式,我们还推导出了全局弱解的衰减估计、炸毁准则、炸毁率以及炸毁时间的上下限。最后,我们讨论了高初始能量的全局存在性和有限时间炸毁结果。
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引用次数: 0
Inverse problem of reconstructing source term for a class of non‐divergence parabolic equations 一类非发散抛物方程的源项重构逆问题
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10461
Xu‐Wei Tie, Zui‐Cha Deng
This paper explores an inverse problem pertaining to the determination of a source function in non‐divergence parabolic equations, where the solution is known at a discrete set of points. Being different from other ordinary inverse source problems, which are often dependent on only one variable, the unknown coefficient in this paper not only depends on the space variable but also depends on the time . On the basis of the optimal control framework, the existence of the optimal solution of the control function is proved. The necessary conditions to be satisfied by the optimal solution are given. The convergence of the optimal solution when the mesh parameters tend to zero is obtained. The conjugate gradient method is applied to the inverse problem and some numerical results are presented for various typical test examples.
本文探讨了一个与确定非发散抛物方程中源函数有关的逆问题,在该问题中,已知解位于一组离散点。与其他通常只取决于一个变量的普通反源问题不同,本文中的未知系数不仅取决于空间变量,还取决于时间变量。在最优控制框架的基础上,证明了控制函数最优解的存在性。给出了最优解所需满足的必要条件。得到了当网格参数趋于零时最优解的收敛性。共轭梯度法应用于逆问题,并给出了各种典型测试实例的数值结果。
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引用次数: 0
On the matrix versions of the k analog of ℑ‐incomplete Gauss hypergeometric functions and associated fractional calculus 论ℑ-不完全高斯超几何函数的 k 类比矩阵版本及相关分数微积分
IF 2.9 3区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/mma.10382
Muneera Abdullah Qadha, Sarah Abdullah Qadha, Ahmed Bakhet
In this paper, our aim is to introduce a new definition of ( ‐incomplete Wright hypergeometric matrix functions ( ‐IWHMFs) using the ‐incomplete Pochhammer matrix symbol. First, we define the ‐incomplete gamma matrix function and introduce the ‐incomplete Pochhammer matrix symbols. Furthermore, we present differential formulas and integral representation related to these ‐IWHMFs. We have also obtained some results regarding the ‐fractional calculus operators of these ‐IWHMFs. Finally, we investigate the solutions of fractional kinetic equations (FKEs) involving the ‐IWHMFs.
本文旨在利用不完全波赫默矩阵符号,引入不完全赖特超几何矩阵函数(-IWHMFs)的新定义。首先,我们定义了不完全伽马矩阵函数,并引入了不完全波赫默尔矩阵符号。此外,我们还提出了与这些-IWHMFs 相关的微分公式和积分表示。我们还获得了关于这些 -IWHMF 的 -分式微积分算子的一些结果。最后,我们研究了涉及 -IWHMFs 的分数动力学方程 (FKE) 的解。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences
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