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Constitutional and Legal Status of Donbass Citizens: Comparative Legal Analysis 顿巴斯公民的宪法和法律地位:比较法律分析
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-310-323
Eugene Anichkin, Anna Kanakova
The article introduces some legal theories and normative acts behind the constitutional and legal status of people who live in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Lugansk People's Republic. The author conducted a comparative analysis of the theoretical, constitutional, and legal foundations that define the personal legal status, rights, freedoms, and obligations stipulated by the Constitutions of Ukraine, the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic, and the Russian Federation. The research relied on general scientific methods of cognition, i.e., analysis and synthesis, and specific scientific methods, i.e., retrospective, comparative legal, and formal legal analyses. The resulting comprehensive assessment covered the constitutional and legal status of Donbass citizens and highlighted the transformation of their personal legal status, rights, freedoms, and obligations. The results can be used in further scientific research, teaching legal disciplines, and law-making activities connected with the status of Donbass population. Their constitutional and legal status has undergone significant changes in a short period of time. Initially based on the legislation of Ukraine, it was transformed when the self-proclaimed states of Donbass and Lugansk joined the Russian Federation. New approaches, different from the current legal habits, have to be introduces with extreme carefulness: if the transition does not run smooth, Donbass and Lugansk citizens may unintentionally violate the law or even reject the new legal realities.
本文介绍了顿涅茨克人民共和国和卢甘斯克人民共和国人民的宪法和法律地位背后的一些法律理论和规范行为。作者对乌克兰宪法、顿涅茨克人民共和国宪法、卢甘斯克人民共和国宪法和俄罗斯联邦宪法规定的个人法律地位、权利、自由和义务的理论、宪法和法律基础进行了比较分析。研究既采用了一般科学的认知方法,即分析与综合,也采用了具体的科学方法,即回顾性分析、比较法分析和形式法分析。由此产生的综合评估涵盖了顿巴斯公民的宪法和法律地位,并强调了他们个人法律地位、权利、自由和义务的转变。研究结果可用于与顿巴斯人口状况有关的进一步科学研究、法学教学和立法活动。他们的宪法和法律地位在短时间内发生了重大变化。最初以乌克兰的立法为基础,当自封的顿巴斯和卢甘斯克加入俄罗斯联邦时,它发生了变化。与现行法律习惯不同的新方法必须非常谨慎地引入:如果过渡不顺利,顿巴斯和卢甘斯克的公民可能会无意中违反法律,甚至拒绝新的法律现实。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive Functions in Young Adolescence: Features, Interconnections, and Gender Differences 青少年的认知功能:特征、相互联系和性别差异
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-259-266
Elena Tsigichko, Elena Kagan
The research featured the development of cognitive gender-related functions in teenagers. It covered statistically significant differences in such indicators as establishing analogies, visual memory volume, and attention span. The indicators of mental operations and memory volume proved to be interconnected, as well as the indicators of mental operations and attention properties. The male group demonstrated direct connections between visual memory volume and the abilities to compare and contrast abstract notions and continue numerical series. Auditory short-term memory volume depended on the ability to perform arithmetic tasks and numerical series. Auditory long-term memory volume also depended on the numerical series performance. Another interconnection was registered between the indicators of auditory memory volume, arithmetic tasks, comparing and contrasting abstract ideas, and numerical series. The test also revealed correlations between the indicators of selective attention and the ability to follow instructions, as well as to compare and contrast abstract notions. In the female group, visual memory volume, auditory long-term memory volume, and auditory-mediated memory volume were connected with the abilities to complete sentences, determine abstract similarities and differences, establish analogies, identify symbols, and follow instructions. Obviously, when working with young teenagers, changes in intellectual development should be forecasted based on memory volume indicators. The study revealed direct connections between indicators of attention properties, i.e., span, distribution, and selectivity, and all indicators of mental development, excluding the ability to interpret symbols. The end-to-end cognitive processes made it possible to predict the cognitive development in young adolescents, based on their individual cognitive profiles.
该研究的重点是青少年认知性别相关功能的发展。它涵盖了诸如建立类比,视觉记忆容量和注意力持续时间等指标的统计显着差异。结果表明,心理操作指标与记忆容量、心理操作指标与注意力属性之间存在相互联系。男性组表现出视觉记忆容量与比较和对比抽象概念以及继续数字序列的能力之间的直接联系。听觉短期记忆容量取决于执行算术任务和数列的能力。听觉长期记忆容量也与数列表现有关。另一个联系是在听觉记忆容量、算术任务、比较和对比抽象概念和数值序列之间的指标。该测试还揭示了选择性注意力指标与遵循指示以及比较和对比抽象概念的能力之间的相关性。在女性组中,视觉记忆容量、听觉长期记忆容量和听觉中介记忆容量与完成句子、确定抽象异同、建立类比、识别符号和遵循指令的能力有关。显然,在研究青少年时,应该根据记忆容量指标来预测智力发展的变化。该研究揭示了注意力属性指标(即广度、分布和选择性)与所有智力发展指标(不包括解读符号的能力)之间的直接联系。端到端认知过程使得基于个体认知特征预测青少年认知发展成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnopsychological Profile of a Chinese Students of Music Education as a Factor of Optimizing Academic Interaction 中国音乐教育学生的民族心理特征作为优化学术互动的因素
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-290-297
Hantyan' Du
Russian university education is currently very popular among Chinese citizens, who often experience various adaptation problems with academic programs for joint education of Russian and Chinese students. In such cases, effective academic process and pedagogical interaction depend on the correct understanding of the ethnopsychological characteristics of foreign students. This article reviews scientific publications on the ethnopsychological profile of Chinese students, as well as introduces relevant pedagogical strategies of academic and pedagogical interaction in teaching Chinese students that major in musical studies in Russian institutions of higher education. The author conducted a survey of Chinese students and Russian faculty members at the Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University. The resulting principles of pedagogical interaction with Chinese students can facilitate the academic process in a Russian music conservatory.
目前,俄罗斯大学教育在中国公民中非常受欢迎,俄罗斯和中国学生联合教育的学术项目经常遇到各种适应问题。在这种情况下,有效的学术过程和教学互动取决于对外国学生民族心理特征的正确理解。本文回顾了有关中国学生民族心理概况的科学出版物,并介绍了在俄罗斯高等教育机构对中国音乐研究专业学生进行教学时的学术和教学互动的相关教学策略。笔者对俄罗斯国立赫尔岑师范大学的中国学生和俄罗斯教师进行了调查。由此产生的与中国学生的教学互动原则可以促进俄罗斯音乐学院的学术进程。
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引用次数: 0
Inter-Municipal Interaction in the Process of Metropolitan Agglomeration Development in the Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦城市群发展过程中的城市间互动
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-342-349
Natal'ya Lisina, Viacheslav Baev
The development of metropolitan agglomerations is an urgent issue in the Russian Federation because urban clusters depend on inter-municipal cooperation. The authors analyzed the existing models of inter-municipal cooperation to define the most relevant issues of metropolitan development. Since interaction models must comply with the federal legislation, an ideal form of inter-municipal cooperation does not exist. Subjects of the Russian Federation maintain associative, contractual, and economic cooperation, or a combination of these forms. Sustainable ecological and socio-economic growth of metropolitan agglomerations needs an effective governance arrangement. Inter-municipal cooperation is a legal tool that makes it possible to implement agglomeration projects, to combine financial and labor resources, to solve issues of territorial planning, etc. The form of inter-municipal interaction should be selected in line with the goals and objectives of a particular agglomeration in order to meet the standards of spatial development of the Russian Federation. Municipalities are limited in their autonomy and inter-municipal cooperation by imperative norms of the law. Therefore, inter-municipal cooperation in the sphere of metropolitan development must fully comply with legal regulations and prohibitions.
城市群的发展是俄罗斯联邦的一个紧迫问题,因为城市群依赖于城市间的合作。作者分析了现有的城市间合作模式,以界定都市发展中最相关的问题。由于互动模式必须符合联邦立法,因此不存在理想的城市间合作形式。俄罗斯联邦各主体保持联合合作、合同合作和经济合作,或这些形式的结合。城市群生态与社会经济的可持续增长需要有效的治理安排。城市间合作是实施集聚项目、整合财力和人力资源、解决国土规划等问题的法律工具。城市间相互作用的形式应根据特定集聚的目标和目的加以选择,以符合俄罗斯联邦空间发展的标准。市政当局的自治和城市间的合作受到强制性法律规范的限制。因此,都市发展领域的城市间合作必须充分遵守法律规定和禁令。
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引用次数: 0
Democratic Tradition, Elections, and Referendum in Russia: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow 俄罗斯的民主传统、选举和公民投票:昨天、今天和明天
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-332-341
Yurii Kim
The concept of democracy borders on that of democratic tradition. However, the degree to which these two concepts overlap still remains an understudied issue. Democracy is an ambiguous and expanding notion that covers much more than political regime and political rights. In fact, democracy is associated with a mechanism for realizing the totality of human rights. The paradox is that, with its numerous definitions and patterns, democracy has neither ideal model nor universal standards. As a result, most approaches to the ever-elusive meaning of democracy appear inefficient. The present study specified the meaning of democracy by clarifying the content of democratic tradition, i.e., socially-inherited forms of social management that are based on the principles of electability, public representativeness, collegial decision-making, majority, accountability and responsibility of elected representatives to the community, etc. The author applied this approach to the current problems of suffrage and referendum law.
民主的概念与民主传统的概念接近。然而,这两个概念重叠的程度仍然是一个未充分研究的问题。民主是一个模糊而不断扩大的概念,其涵盖的范围远远超出了政治制度和政治权利。事实上,民主是与实现全部人权的机制联系在一起的。矛盾的是,尽管民主有许多定义和模式,但它既没有理想的模式,也没有普遍的标准。其结果是,大多数通往永远难以捉摸的民主意义的途径显得效率低下。本研究通过澄清民主传统的内容,即基于可选性、公众代表性、合议决策、多数、当选代表对社区负责等原则的社会继承的社会管理形式,明确了民主的含义。作者将这一方法应用于当前的选举权和公民投票法问题。
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引用次数: 0
Symbolization of Judicial Space as a Historical and Legal Phenomenon 作为历史和法律现象的司法空间符号化
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-359-365
Svetlana Lonskaya
Symbolic judicial space is a historical and legal phenomenon. The spatial approach to social phenomena offers a phenomenological and communicative understanding of space as an object-subject interaction. The author described the origin and use of such terms as judicial space and space of justice in scientific circulation to compile a new definition of judicial space and its symbolization. Judicial space is multidimensional in its structure, which can be subdivided into physical, social, and mental judicial subspaces. Judicial activity has a high degree of symbolism and rituality, which can be supported by a number of historical and legal examples. The symbolization of judicial space is a historical and legal process that determines the course of historical memory. In this aspect, it is a subject of historical and legal science, e.g., legal source studies, legal iconography, legal semiotics, and narrative jurisprudence.
符号司法空间是一种历史现象和法律现象。研究社会现象的空间方法提供了一种现象学和交际性的理解,将空间视为客体-主体的相互作用。本文通过对科学流通中司法空间、正义空间等术语的起源和用法的梳理,梳理出司法空间及其符号化的新定义。司法空间在结构上是多维的,可细分为物理、社会和心理三个司法子空间。司法活动具有高度的象征主义和仪式性,这可以从许多历史和法律例子中得到支持。司法空间的符号化是一个决定历史记忆进程的历史和法律过程。在这方面,它是历史和法律科学的主题,例如法律渊源研究、法律肖像学、法律符号学和叙事法学。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence in Interdisciplinary Linguistics 跨学科语言学中的人工智能
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-267-280
Svetlana Sorokina
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an integral part of various scientific disciplines, industries, and everyday life. AI studies cover quite a number of scientific fields, and the topic needs an integrated and convergent approach to address its multifaceted challenges. This paper provides an extensive survey of existing approaches to define and interpret the AI concept. The research objective was to identify the invariant characteristics of AI that underscore its interdisciplinary nature. The article categorizes the primary drivers, technologies, and key research models that fuel the advancement of AI, which possesses a unique capability to leverage knowledge, acquire additional insights, and attain human-like intellectual performance by analyzing expressions and methods of human cognition. The emulation of human intellectual activity and inherent propensity for continual evolution and adaptability both unlock novel research prospects and complicate the understanding of these processes. Algorithms, big data processing, and natural language processing are crucial for advancing the AI learning technologies. A comprehensive analysis of the existing linguistic research revealed an opportunity to unify various research approaches within this realm, focusing on pivotal tasks, e.g., text data mining, information retrieval, knowledge extraction, classification, abstracting, etc. AI studies make it possible to comprehend its cognitive potential applications across diverse domains of science, industry, and daily life.
人工智能(AI)正在成为各种科学学科、行业和日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。人工智能研究涵盖了相当多的科学领域,该主题需要一种综合和融合的方法来应对其多方面的挑战。本文对定义和解释人工智能概念的现有方法进行了广泛的调查。研究目标是确定人工智能的不变特征,强调其跨学科性质。文章对推动人工智能进步的主要驱动力、技术和关键研究模型进行了分类。人工智能具有独特的能力,可以利用知识,获得额外的见解,并通过分析人类认知的表达和方法获得类似人类的智力表现。对人类智力活动的模仿和对持续进化和适应性的内在倾向,既开启了新的研究前景,也使对这些过程的理解复杂化。算法、大数据处理和自然语言处理对于推进人工智能学习技术至关重要。对现有语言学研究的综合分析表明,有机会统一该领域内的各种研究方法,重点关注文本数据挖掘、信息检索、知识提取、分类、抽象等关键任务。人工智能的研究使人们有可能了解其在科学、工业和日常生活等各个领域的认知潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Genesis of the Interrogation Essence in the Russian Legislation and Law 俄罗斯立法与法律中讯问本质的起源
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-374-382
Andrey Semenovskiy
Using the comparative legal method, the author determined the essence of criminal procedural interrogation in the Russian legal system, from the early Russian state to the present day. The study covered the sources that involve the term interrogation or a synonymous concept. The legal regulation of interrogation gradually developed in several aspects. The communicative aspect included verbal and non-verbal transmission of relevant information. The interactive aspect covered the interaction between participants, their number, limits of psychological influence, etc. The perceptive aspect was registered when the legislator required a compulsory record of interrogee’s identity. Obviously, the interrogation has long developed as a formalized communication. As a result, the domestic legislator sees the essence of interrogation as a special type of formal communication, which affects the development of its procedural form. The obtained results help to develop a unified approach to the legal essence of interrogation and can be applied in the legislative practice of the criminal procedural form of interrogation.
运用比较法的方法,笔者确定了俄罗斯早期国家至今刑事程序讯问在俄罗斯法律制度中的本质。这项研究涵盖了涉及术语讯问或同义概念的来源。讯问的法律规制逐渐发展为几个方面。交际方面包括相关信息的言语和非言语传递。互动方面包括参与者之间的互动、人数、心理影响的限度等。当立法者要求对被审讯者的身份进行强制性记录时,就登记了感知方面。显然,审讯早已发展成为一种正式的交流方式。因此,国内立法者将讯问的本质视为一种特殊的正式交往形式,从而影响了其程序形式的发展。这些研究成果有助于对讯问的法律本质形成统一的认识,并可应用于刑事诉讼讯问形式的立法实践。
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引用次数: 0
Historic Cultural Features and Spiritual and Moral Values in Modern Constitutionalism 近代宪政的历史文化特征与精神道德价值
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-324-331
Sergey Baburin
The author believes that the core traditional Russian spiritual and moral values should include faith, relics, freedom, salvation of the soul, and repentance. Love and freedom are the key values of the Orthodox cultural and historic culture. Traditional values are a harmonious unity. In countries like Iran and Cuba, traditional values have a constitutional support. Constitutional legalization allows traditional values to reform the objective reality. Since traditional values enshrine spiritual priorities in the constitution, the way they reform social relations should be considered moral. Family and labor values are an excellent example of the influence of tradition on the constitutional development in Russia. Constitutionalizing traditional spiritual and moral values is an active phase in the struggle for human spiritual essence, i.e., human soul. The author sees the current cyborgization of human society and the artificial intelligence professed by the West as a threat to human consciousness and global civilization. Russia and its Eurasian partners should synchronize their constitutional development to resolve a number of important political and legal tasks, e.g., to legalize the norms of integrational constitutionalism in national constitutions, to transfer national economies to the mobilization type of development, etc.
作者认为,俄罗斯传统精神和道德的核心价值应该包括信仰、遗物、自由、灵魂的救赎和忏悔。爱与自由是东正教文化和历史文化的核心价值观。传统价值观是一个和谐的统一体。在伊朗和古巴这样的国家,传统价值观得到了宪法的支持。宪法法制化使传统价值观念得以改造客观现实。由于传统价值观在宪法中规定了精神优先事项,因此它们改革社会关系的方式应被视为道德。家庭和劳动价值观是传统对俄罗斯宪政发展影响的一个很好的例子。传统精神道德价值观的宪政化,是争取人的精神本质即人的灵魂的积极阶段。作者认为,目前人类社会的网络化和西方所宣称的人工智能是对人类意识和全球文明的威胁。俄罗斯及其欧亚伙伴应同步进行宪政发展,以解决一系列重要的政治和法律任务,如使国家宪法中的一体化宪政规范合法化,使国民经济向动员型发展转变等。
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引用次数: 0
Methodological Assignment Tasks in Out-of-Class Learning in Specialized Disciplines 专业学科课外学习的方法论作业任务
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.21603/2542-1840-2023-7-3-281-289
Ol'ga Gluhova, Aleksandr Gudov, Natal'ya Timofeeva
The article opens with a review of domestic publications on out-of-class learning in major disciplines. It offers a new method of assignment tasks that develop professional skills. Through theoretical generalizations and practical research, the author defined a complex of professional and methodological skills required by a teacher of mathematics and computer science in such activities as design, construction, organization, research, and communication. The experiment involved the discipline Databases given to students that major in Mathematics and Computer Science at the Kemerovo State University. The assignment tasks had several levels of complexity and problematicity. The method proved efficient in organizing the independent work of university students in major disciplines and developing their information and communication competencies.
文章首先回顾了国内主要学科关于课外学习的文献。它提供了一种新的分配任务的方法,可以培养专业技能。通过理论概括和实践研究,作者定义了数学和计算机科学教师在设计、施工、组织、研究和交流等活动中所需要的专业和方法技能的综合体。实验涉及到克麦罗沃州立大学数学和计算机科学专业学生的学科数据库。分配任务有几个层次的复杂性和问题性。事实证明,这种方法在组织各专业大学生的独立工作和培养大学生的信息沟通能力方面是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
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Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriâ: gumanitarnye i obŝestvennye nauki
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