Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology最新文献

Aim: The present study aimed to determine pain in patients with voice disorders (PWVDs).

Patients and methods: A total number of 28 patients with a range of voice disorders and without any other diseases participated in the study. To gain maximum variation, purposive sampling method was used. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were employed for data collection. The interviews were then continued until data saturation was reached, and the data were subsequently recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was utilized for data analysis.

Results: Data analysis of the interviews emerged three themes about pain experienced by PWVDs. The emerged themes included location of pain, type of pain, and time of pain occurrence. In this respect, PWVDs reported pain in different locations on their body including head, ears, anterior neck, posterior neck, larynx, temporomandibular joint, submandibular area, shoulders, and upper back. Furthermore, chronic, acute, severe, and mild were the most common types of pain reported by PWVDs. The PWVDs also stated that they had experienced pain at different times, i.e. during speaking, after long-time speaking, after voice use, during swallowing, during palpation, and all the time (even at rest).

Conclusions: One of the physical discomforts experienced by PWVDs is pain. According to the results of the present study, pain should properly be considered in the assessment and treatment of PWVDs in clinical practices. Also, our study suggested that a specific scale is needed to measure pain in voice disorders.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if reports of behavioral, emotional and social well-being in children who stutter differ across racial-ethnic groups.

Materials and methods: Using 2010-2015 National Health Interview Surveys, data was analyzed from responses of children who stutter's parents, in the United States, to items of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Parent responses of reporting Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire items were determined using multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results: This sample included a total 42,962 children, of which 875 were identified as children who stutter. Among the children who stutter, reports of well-being were compared from 294 non-Hispanic White, 249 non-Hispanic Black, and 332 Hispanic children who stutter. Results indicated Black children who stutter were less likely than White children who stutter to have many worries, to be unhappy/depressed, and less likely to have difficulties with emotions and concentration. Hispanic children who stutter were less likely than White children who stutter to have many worries, to be unhappy/depressed, and less likely to have difficulties with emotions and concentration. Additionally, differences were observed in measures of behavioral, emotional, and social well-being when within-group comparisons were made, as a function of gender, and when comparisons were made across racial-ethnic groups at different age ranges.

Conclusions: Evidence from National Health Interview Surveys suggests racial-ethnic differences exist in reports of behavioral, emotional, and social well-being among children who stutter. Future research is needed to clarify specific contributors to the observed differences across racial-ethnic groups and whether differences are primarily associated with race-ethnicity, the presence of stuttering, or both.

Purpose: There are several studies showing contradictory results on concurrent emotional and behavioural problems of children and adolescents who stutter (CAWS). This study aimed to identify whether there is a difference between Turkish-speaking CAWS and their typically developing peers (TDP) in emotional and behavioural problems.

Methods: The study group consisted of 45 CAWS, aged between 3.40 and 15.92 years, and the control group consisted of 45 TDP, aged between 3.15 and 16.80 years. Participants were divided into three age groups: early childhood (0-6 years), middle childhood (7-11 years) and adolescence (12-18 years). CAWS and TDP were compared separately in each age group with Mann-Whitney U tests. Assessments of emotional and behavioural problems were conducted with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) for Ages 1.5-5 and the CBCL for Ages 6-18.

Results: In early childhood, CAWS had significantly higher emotional reactivity, anxiety/depression, somatic complaints, withdrawal, sleep problems, attention problems and aggressive behaviour scores than TDP. In middle childhood and adolescence, CAWS had significantly higher anxiety/depression, withdrawal/depression, social problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behaviour and aggressive behaviour scores compared to TDP. In adolescence, somatic problems and thought problems scores were also significantly higher in AWS than TDP.

Conclusions: We concluded that emotional and behavioural problems associated with stuttering are noticeable from early childhood to adolescence. Cooperation with mental health professionals may be needed to improve the quality of speech therapy in CAWS.

We examined word associations in Swedish children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. Furthermore, the study aimed to explore the dimensions of vocabulary knowledge (breadth, depth, and fluency) in these children. Fifty children (15 DLD and 35 TD) participated in the study, aged six to nine years. This age span is commonly associated with substantial lexical reorganisation, by some referred to as the syntagmatic-paradigmatic shift. Fifty items from the Kent-Rosanoff list were used to elicit word associations (say the first word that comes to mind). Word associations were coded as paradigmatic (lion-tiger), syntagmatic (chair-sit), phonological (moon-poon), and other/no answer (foot-hello/bed- -). A semantic depth score (paradigmatic and syntagmatic associations) was calculated and analysed. The children with DLD showed significantly lower semantic depth scores than their TD peers, in line with previous research in English-speaking children. However, the vocabulary dimensions were uniformly affected for the DLD group, contradicting previous findings of semantic depth as a particular area of weakness in this group.

Introduction: In current voice research, there is a growing interest in semi-occluded vocal tract exercises and their contribution to an increased vocal efficiency. However, there are only few studies on the lasting effects.

Material and methods: Eight vocally healthy subjects were asked to sustain a phonation at a comfortable loudness on the vowel /i/, with a Fundamental Frequency of 250 Hz (females) or 125 Hz (males). During phonation the subjects were simultaneously recorded with transnasal High Speed Videoendoscopy (HSV, 20,000fps), electroglottography, and audio signals. The subjects then performed a water resistance therapy (WRT) for 10 min (tube: 30 cm length, 5 cm below water surface, diameter 9 mm). Repeated measurements of sustained phonation were performed 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after exercising. From the HSV material the Glottal Area Waveform (GAW) was segmented and GAW parameters were computed.

Results: There were strong inter-individual differences concerning the changes of different measures over time after WRT. In general, directly after WRT there was a lowering of the GAW derived Period Perturbation Quotient, a lowering of the Closing Quotient and an increase of the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in comparison to the pre-intervention measurement. However, only 5 min post WRT there was no longer a clear difference compared to baseline results before WRT. Other values such as Open Quotients exhibited no evident changes by WRT at any timepoint.

Conclusions: WRT showed strong inter-individual effects concerning the changes in the evaluated measures post-intervention. General tendencies of some measures directly after the intervention showed a brief effect of only a few minutes.

Introduction: Speech intelligibility, how well a listener comprehends the speaker's message, is related to the listener' expertise and type of the message conveyed. There is no evidence about speech intelligibility in different groups of healthcare professionals and naïve listeners.

Objectives: This study is the first to understand if there were differences in the speech intelligibility of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients by different experienced and naïve listeners, according to the speech stimuli and dysarthria severity.

Materials and methods: Randomly digitised audio-files (50 words and 50 sentences) of 10 PD patients, one without dysarthria and 9 with different dysarthria severities (3 each: mild, moderate and severe dysarthria), were collected from a database of 60 PD patients' audio-files. A jury panel was formed by five different listeners groups including 10 speech and language therapists, 10 neurologists, 10 PD relatives, 12 PD patients, and 10 people from the general population. The jury panel transcribed single words and sentences from the audio recordings, the percentage correctly understood was calculated and the results were compared between the groups.

Results: Multiple comparisons showed significant speech intelligibility differences between healthcare professionals and naïve listerners in words (highest effect size, η² = 0.7) and sentences (the highest effect size: η² = 0.6). Pairwise comparisons revealed that those significant differences were specifically in words with moderate and severe dysarthria and sentences with all severity levels of dysarthria.

Conclusion: The groups of healthcare professionals who work with dysarthria are more likely to understand the PD patients' speech than the groups of naïve listeners.

Purpose: The present cross-sectional study examined the individual role of rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short-term memory (VSTM), and phonological verbal fluency (PVF) along with word reading performance in predicting phonological awareness (PA).

Materials and methods: A total of 225 Arabic speaking children from grades 2, 3, 4 and 5 took part in this study, divided into two groups of readers: typical developing readers and dyslexic readers. The participants were tested on word and pseudoword reading, phonological awareness, rapid naming, verbal short-term memory and phonological verbal fluency.

Results: There are different predictive patterns between the two groups. Whereas Raven and Grade contributed directly in predicting PA in typical readers, VSTM and PVF directly predicted PA in children with dyslexia. However, word reading played a dual role in the both groups as direct predictors of PA, mediating the predictive relationships between PA and the other variables.

Conclusion: The results suggest the potential existence of an underlying phonological representation processing ability shared between PA, phonological access (RAN and PVF), VSTM, and word reading ability.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the extent to which smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) can replace or complement the conventional acoustic measures of jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio in the assessment of various types of dysphonia.

Methodology: A total of 60 males and 80 females were divided into two groups: dysphonic group and control group (30 males and 40 females in each group). The voice samples in the form of sustained vowel /a/ phonation and continuous speech were recorded and assessed using auditory perceptual analysis, acoustic analysis, and cepstral analysis.

Results: Jitter was found to have the best predictive ability during sustained phonation, whereas CPPS was found to have the best predictive ability during continuous speech.

Conclusion: Cepstral analysis is as reliable as the conventional acoustic analysis in the diagnosis of dysphonia and to detect its severity. However, CPPS cannot replace conventional acoustic measures.

Materials and methods: Between March 2017 and February 2018, 27 newly diagnoses patients (about 2 months) were examined in the ENT Clinic of our University Hospital. The bulbar-onset of ALS was diagnosed by neurologists.

Results: According to the endoscopic and clinical results, patients were classified in 4 classes of dysphagia. Laryngology and speech pathology assessment with spectroacuostic analysis of speech using Praat software are fundamental for the proper evaluation of dysphonia of these patients. This study was the first attempt to find a vocal indicator of advancement in swallowing dysfunction in the patient population of ALS. Preliminary findings indicate that the reduction in the maximum fundamental frequency is associated with advancement of dysphagia.

Conclusions: Monitoring the vocal parameters could be useful in order to give an early rehabilitation aid to these patients improving their quality of life and reducing aspiration risks.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to create a stimulability treatment program in Turkish language that targets Turkish consonants and vowels and to present the preliminary findings of the effectiveness of the program in a small group of Turkish children with speech sound disorder (SSD).

Method: Twenty-two children with SSD participated in the study. The Turkish Articulation and Phonology Test (SST) was used in the assessment of children. Intelligibility ratings were completed by their caregivers through the Turkish version of Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS), and the stimulability assessments were completed. Stimulability intervention were given for a total of 12 sessions. Comparisons were made between the pre- and post-test results of children, and the preliminary data of treatment efficacy were collected.

Results: The data analysis showed a significant difference in the total number of articulation errors of children between Time 1 and Time 2 (p < .0001), a statistically significant difference in auditory discrimination scores between the two measurements, (p < .05), and an increase in stimulability ratings from Time 1 to Time 2.

Conclusion: These findings provide initial data on the positive effect of the Turkish stimulability treatment program for children with SSD. This preliminary study would contribute toward designing the main trial for an evidence-based study for the Turkish stimulability treatment program, thereby leading to better practices in SSD.