Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2160614
K. Houser
This is my last issue as editor of LEUKOS, a position I have held since 2011. Given my longevity in this role, it seems appropriate to share some parting reflections on LEUKOS’s recent past. As LEUKOS transitions to a new leadership and administrative model, I hope that insights derived from this reflection will support the journal’s next phase of development. This editorial summarizes historical events, journal-level performance statistics, context for the performance trends, and what I believe have been the keys to LEUKOS’s current success. LEUKOS was founded in 2004 based on ideas from Prof. Mark Rea, who imagined reforming the Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society in an online format that would operate separately from the paper submission and review process associated with the IES Annual Conference. Prof. David DiLaura was the first editor of LEUKOS, a position he held through 2011. Prof. DiLaura worked with Operations Advisory Board members Rita Harrold, Richard Mistrick, Gary Steffy, and Jennifer Veitch to define operational details, journal policies, and goals. Prof. DiLaura established high standards for editorial quality that I was fortunate to inherit and committed to maintain. His 2006 Report to the Readership provides additional background about the founding of LEUKOS and performance during its early years (DiLaura 2006).
{"title":"LEUKOS Editor Report, Reflections, and Farewell","authors":"K. Houser","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2160614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2160614","url":null,"abstract":"This is my last issue as editor of LEUKOS, a position I have held since 2011. Given my longevity in this role, it seems appropriate to share some parting reflections on LEUKOS’s recent past. As LEUKOS transitions to a new leadership and administrative model, I hope that insights derived from this reflection will support the journal’s next phase of development. This editorial summarizes historical events, journal-level performance statistics, context for the performance trends, and what I believe have been the keys to LEUKOS’s current success. LEUKOS was founded in 2004 based on ideas from Prof. Mark Rea, who imagined reforming the Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society in an online format that would operate separately from the paper submission and review process associated with the IES Annual Conference. Prof. David DiLaura was the first editor of LEUKOS, a position he held through 2011. Prof. DiLaura worked with Operations Advisory Board members Rita Harrold, Richard Mistrick, Gary Steffy, and Jennifer Veitch to define operational details, journal policies, and goals. Prof. DiLaura established high standards for editorial quality that I was fortunate to inherit and committed to maintain. His 2006 Report to the Readership provides additional background about the founding of LEUKOS and performance during its early years (DiLaura 2006).","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"74 1","pages":"111 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85719166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2135528
I. Acosta, M. Campano, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, J. Navarro Casas
ABSTRACT Daylight dynamic metrics are useful tools for quantifying the switch-on time or the dimming of electric lighting according to the architectural scenario. A variant of these metrics can also be used to define strategies to control the lighting fixtures, dimming the luminous flux with no need for external input and reducing therefore the energy consumption of the lighting systems. Given this context, a new approach is proposed, Continuous Overcast Daylight Autonomy (DAo.con), defined as the percentage of occupied time when an illuminance threshold is met by daylight alone under continuous overcast sky conditions, considering a partial credit linearly to values below the threshold defined. This concept acts as an algorithm which adjusts the luminous flux of the luminaires according to the Daylight Factors measured or simulated, considering user requirements and ignoring any internal device for actively measuring the lighting conditions. The Daylight Factors can be modified according to the use of shading devices that affect to the indoor natural light. Accordingly, this algorithm can significantly reduce the embodied cost of the lighting smart controls, promoting their spread and its implementation in building refurbishment, while the energy consumption in electric lighting is reduced by up to 76% for large windows and by up to 65% for medium-sized openings. The results show that the use of this algorithm in office environments with LED fixtures can promote energy savings of up to 7.8 W/m2 for locations with predominantly clear skies and up to 5.7 W/m2 for northern latitudes with mainly overcast skies.
{"title":"Continuous Overcast Daylight Autonomy (DAo.con): A New Dynamic Metric for Sensor-Less Lighting Smart Controls","authors":"I. Acosta, M. Campano, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo, J. Navarro Casas","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2135528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2135528","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Daylight dynamic metrics are useful tools for quantifying the switch-on time or the dimming of electric lighting according to the architectural scenario. A variant of these metrics can also be used to define strategies to control the lighting fixtures, dimming the luminous flux with no need for external input and reducing therefore the energy consumption of the lighting systems. Given this context, a new approach is proposed, Continuous Overcast Daylight Autonomy (DAo.con), defined as the percentage of occupied time when an illuminance threshold is met by daylight alone under continuous overcast sky conditions, considering a partial credit linearly to values below the threshold defined. This concept acts as an algorithm which adjusts the luminous flux of the luminaires according to the Daylight Factors measured or simulated, considering user requirements and ignoring any internal device for actively measuring the lighting conditions. The Daylight Factors can be modified according to the use of shading devices that affect to the indoor natural light. Accordingly, this algorithm can significantly reduce the embodied cost of the lighting smart controls, promoting their spread and its implementation in building refurbishment, while the energy consumption in electric lighting is reduced by up to 76% for large windows and by up to 65% for medium-sized openings. The results show that the use of this algorithm in office environments with LED fixtures can promote energy savings of up to 7.8 W/m2 for locations with predominantly clear skies and up to 5.7 W/m2 for northern latitudes with mainly overcast skies.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"58 1","pages":"343 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90507788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2121285
T. Esposito, L. Radetsky
ABSTRACT Anthropogenic (“human-generated”) light at night (ALAN) from outdoor lighting produces light pollution and as a result causes a range of deleterious responses in humans, plants, and animals. An emerging strategy to combat light pollution, especially sky glow, is to use “amber” LEDs in lieu of phosphor-converted white LEDs with high correlated color temperatures. Importantly, however, there is no standardized terminology or chromaticity designation that is applicable to “amber” LED lighting products for outdoor illumination. In this work, we propose a specification structure for light sources with nonstandard chromaticities to increase the precision of language used in the architectural lighting industry and demonstrate that light sources with well-defined chromaticity ranges outside of the ANSI C78.377–2017 quadrangles may be useful for reducing the portion of relative sky glow related to light source spectral power distribution. We encourage lighting standards development organizations to consider standardizing such a system.
{"title":"Specifying Non-White Light Sources in Outdoor Applications to Reduce Light Pollution","authors":"T. Esposito, L. Radetsky","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2121285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2121285","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anthropogenic (“human-generated”) light at night (ALAN) from outdoor lighting produces light pollution and as a result causes a range of deleterious responses in humans, plants, and animals. An emerging strategy to combat light pollution, especially sky glow, is to use “amber” LEDs in lieu of phosphor-converted white LEDs with high correlated color temperatures. Importantly, however, there is no standardized terminology or chromaticity designation that is applicable to “amber” LED lighting products for outdoor illumination. In this work, we propose a specification structure for light sources with nonstandard chromaticities to increase the precision of language used in the architectural lighting industry and demonstrate that light sources with well-defined chromaticity ranges outside of the ANSI C78.377–2017 quadrangles may be useful for reducing the portion of relative sky glow related to light source spectral power distribution. We encourage lighting standards development organizations to consider standardizing such a system.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"28 1","pages":"269 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73752781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2057325
Lodovica Valetti, Franco Pellerey, A. Pellegrino
ABSTRACT Policies aimed at urban and territorial development stressed the importance of landscape as a significant resource for sustainable and economic development. In this perspective, research on landscape visual values and people preferences can support the enhancement of the global values of territories. Currently, the theoretical framework and approaches are mainly limited to the day images of sites, while nighttime landscape is not usually considered. In this study, we defined a methodological approach to address the analysis of the nocturnal image of cultural landscape contexts, in order to define indications and support the inclusion of visual values in the process of public lighting design. The approach was conceived for territorial contexts characterized by the presence of small urban settlements located in prominent positions and involved a subjective survey, an in-field measurement campaign, and statistical analysis to identify significant correlations between subjective judgments and quantitative parameters. The effectiveness of the approach was assessed through the application to a case study. The study allowed identifying subjective factors (overall impact, architecture and historicity, correspondence, alteration) and objective parameters (ratios of regions’ area, luminance values, and luminance contrasts) which describe the nightscape of cultural landscape. Results demonstrated the presence of significant correlation between subjective factors and objective parameters. The application of the method could provide designers and planners indications useful for the design of outdoor lighting system, in order to include perceptual aspects in a holistic design approach, which promotes environmental, energy, economic, and cultural sustainability.
{"title":"A Novel Approach for the Assessment of the Nocturnal Image of the Cultural Landscape","authors":"Lodovica Valetti, Franco Pellerey, A. Pellegrino","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2057325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2057325","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Policies aimed at urban and territorial development stressed the importance of landscape as a significant resource for sustainable and economic development. In this perspective, research on landscape visual values and people preferences can support the enhancement of the global values of territories. Currently, the theoretical framework and approaches are mainly limited to the day images of sites, while nighttime landscape is not usually considered. In this study, we defined a methodological approach to address the analysis of the nocturnal image of cultural landscape contexts, in order to define indications and support the inclusion of visual values in the process of public lighting design. The approach was conceived for territorial contexts characterized by the presence of small urban settlements located in prominent positions and involved a subjective survey, an in-field measurement campaign, and statistical analysis to identify significant correlations between subjective judgments and quantitative parameters. The effectiveness of the approach was assessed through the application to a case study. The study allowed identifying subjective factors (overall impact, architecture and historicity, correspondence, alteration) and objective parameters (ratios of regions’ area, luminance values, and luminance contrasts) which describe the nightscape of cultural landscape. Results demonstrated the presence of significant correlation between subjective factors and objective parameters. The application of the method could provide designers and planners indications useful for the design of outdoor lighting system, in order to include perceptual aspects in a holistic design approach, which promotes environmental, energy, economic, and cultural sustainability.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"123 1","pages":"71 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77571874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2147942
Siqi He, Hankun Li, Yonghong Yan, H. Cai
{"title":"Capturing Luminous Flux Entering Human Eyes with a Camera, Part 1: Fundamentals","authors":"Siqi He, Hankun Li, Yonghong Yan, H. Cai","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2147942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2147942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86908926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2131437
J. Casamayor, D. Su, You Wu
ABSTRACT Although there are numerous published studies that have helped to enhance our understanding about methods or approaches to eco-design products, there are limited publications that focus on the study of eco-redesign of lighting products. Redesign of existing products is one of the most applied design-related activities in industry, and eco-redesign is one of the most suitable eco-design interventions that can be applied by manufacturers when they want to include environmental considerations in their existing products. This type of eco-design intervention is incremental, which typically means less change, and therefore, lower investments of time, money, and correspondent risks. It consists of selecting an existing product from a given portfolio and redesigning it to reduce its environmental impact. This paper presents and demonstrates, with an example of a manufacturing company, a method to eco-redesign lighting products. The method is based in the iterative combination of an analysis-synthesis approach involving: (1) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental impact of the lighting product, (2) Identification of the specific issues which typically cause the impact in the product life cycle stages and components, and (3) Specific eco-lighting design strategies to address the areas of impact (and causes of that impact) identified with the LCA. This method can be applied as a stand-alone method or be integrated into existing design and development processes and methods already used by companies, to facilitate its adoption, and hence impact. Insights and limitations after the application of the method are also discussed.
{"title":"Eco-redesign of Lighting Products","authors":"J. Casamayor, D. Su, You Wu","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2131437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2131437","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although there are numerous published studies that have helped to enhance our understanding about methods or approaches to eco-design products, there are limited publications that focus on the study of eco-redesign of lighting products. Redesign of existing products is one of the most applied design-related activities in industry, and eco-redesign is one of the most suitable eco-design interventions that can be applied by manufacturers when they want to include environmental considerations in their existing products. This type of eco-design intervention is incremental, which typically means less change, and therefore, lower investments of time, money, and correspondent risks. It consists of selecting an existing product from a given portfolio and redesigning it to reduce its environmental impact. This paper presents and demonstrates, with an example of a manufacturing company, a method to eco-redesign lighting products. The method is based in the iterative combination of an analysis-synthesis approach involving: (1) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental impact of the lighting product, (2) Identification of the specific issues which typically cause the impact in the product life cycle stages and components, and (3) Specific eco-lighting design strategies to address the areas of impact (and causes of that impact) identified with the LCA. This method can be applied as a stand-alone method or be integrated into existing design and development processes and methods already used by companies, to facilitate its adoption, and hence impact. Insights and limitations after the application of the method are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"23 1","pages":"324 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72963846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2143370
R. Dang, W. Liu, Huijiao Tan
{"title":"Recommendations on the Correlated Color Temperature of Light Sources for Traditional Chinese Paper Relics in Museums","authors":"R. Dang, W. Liu, Huijiao Tan","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2143370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2143370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87749180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2133964
B. Abboushi, L. Irvin, E. Rodriguez-Feo Bermudez, Michael Royer
ABSTRACT Luminance uniformity of luminaires is an important design aspect that can affect perceived discomfort glare, luminaire efficiency, and visual satisfaction. There is, however, a lack of studies that evaluated the performance of different luminance uniformity metrics. This article presents results of two studies where luminance patterns were presented via online questionnaires and subjective ratings of uniformity were collected. Study 1 examined the performance of a uniformity metric based on the human visual system (UHVS) using a priori hypotheses, whereas Study 2 compared UHVS to four other metrics: Max:Min, Avg:Min, entropy uniformity (EU), and coefficient of variation (CV) using correlations and non-linear models. Of the metrics evaluated, UHVS performed best for predicting perceived luminance uniformity. In situations where a tradeoff between metric calculation simplicity and performance is acceptable, the use of CV is recommended.
{"title":"Evaluating Luminance Uniformity Metrics Using Online Experiments","authors":"B. Abboushi, L. Irvin, E. Rodriguez-Feo Bermudez, Michael Royer","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2133964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2133964","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Luminance uniformity of luminaires is an important design aspect that can affect perceived discomfort glare, luminaire efficiency, and visual satisfaction. There is, however, a lack of studies that evaluated the performance of different luminance uniformity metrics. This article presents results of two studies where luminance patterns were presented via online questionnaires and subjective ratings of uniformity were collected. Study 1 examined the performance of a uniformity metric based on the human visual system (UHVS) using a priori hypotheses, whereas Study 2 compared UHVS to four other metrics: Max:Min, Avg:Min, entropy uniformity (EU), and coefficient of variation (CV) using correlations and non-linear models. Of the metrics evaluated, UHVS performed best for predicting perceived luminance uniformity. In situations where a tradeoff between metric calculation simplicity and performance is acceptable, the use of CV is recommended.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"5 1","pages":"308 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73738028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2135529
F. Greffier, V. Boucher, V. Muzet, Sandy Buschmann, S. Völker
ABSTRACT In road lighting, calculations are made within the rectangular CIE grid while measurements conducted with Imaging Luminance Measurement Devices (ILMD) have a trapezoidal shape. We propose to build a grid that takes the observer’s perspective into account by projecting ellipses of adjustable dimensions than can match human vision or ILMD angular aperture and allow direct comparison with luminance images. Lighting standard criteria definitions remain unchanged and values of average luminance and longitudinal uniformity are equivalent. However, as the grid in perspective describes more finely the luminance distribution, the overall uniformity is lower than in the classical grid but more representative of observer’s perception. We present in detail our approach, give the corresponding code, expose calculations performed with this new grid and show an example of direct comparison between calculations and measurements.
{"title":"A Grid in Perspective for Road Lighting Calculations","authors":"F. Greffier, V. Boucher, V. Muzet, Sandy Buschmann, S. Völker","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2135529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2135529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In road lighting, calculations are made within the rectangular CIE grid while measurements conducted with Imaging Luminance Measurement Devices (ILMD) have a trapezoidal shape. We propose to build a grid that takes the observer’s perspective into account by projecting ellipses of adjustable dimensions than can match human vision or ILMD angular aperture and allow direct comparison with luminance images. Lighting standard criteria definitions remain unchanged and values of average luminance and longitudinal uniformity are equivalent. However, as the grid in perspective describes more finely the luminance distribution, the overall uniformity is lower than in the classical grid but more representative of observer’s perception. We present in detail our approach, give the corresponding code, expose calculations performed with this new grid and show an example of direct comparison between calculations and measurements.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"66 1","pages":"389 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79531531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2022.2142133
Joffrey Girard, C. Villa, R. Brémond
ABSTRACT To limit glare, lighting engineers need to estimate the level of discomfort produced by a lighting installation. Outdoor, most discomfort glare models predict a mean level of discomfort on a judgment scale, which corresponds to a “mean road user.” However, in real life, the inter-individual variability of the sensitivity to glare is large; predicting the mean discomfort does not describe the full pattern of responses in a population. We propose a methodology to model the Discomfort Level, computing the probabilities that an observer reports any of the levels of a discomfort scale. This methodology is demonstrated for outdoor lighting, where no probabilistic model is available. Using a dedicated psychophysical experiment, we extend the results of a previous study where a formula was proposed to compute the Glare Excitation due to a multi-source stimulus, at the Borderline between Comfort and Discomfort (BCD), with a background luminance consistent with outdoor lighting. This formula is first extended to other discomfort levels and background luminance levels, and strengthened thanks to a different experimental protocol and to the use of up to 10 glare sources simultaneously. From this experiment, a formula of the Glare Excitation is proposed in the range of outdoor lighting. Then, a probabilistic model of the Discomfort Level is proposed, allowing computing the probability of ratings at each level of an ordinal scale from the Glare Excitation computed with our formula. It is hoped that the proposed model avoids most of the modeling methodological caveats of previous discomfort glare models.
{"title":"Modelling the Probability of Discomfort Due to Glare at All Levels: The Case of Outdoor Lighting","authors":"Joffrey Girard, C. Villa, R. Brémond","doi":"10.1080/15502724.2022.2142133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2022.2142133","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To limit glare, lighting engineers need to estimate the level of discomfort produced by a lighting installation. Outdoor, most discomfort glare models predict a mean level of discomfort on a judgment scale, which corresponds to a “mean road user.” However, in real life, the inter-individual variability of the sensitivity to glare is large; predicting the mean discomfort does not describe the full pattern of responses in a population. We propose a methodology to model the Discomfort Level, computing the probabilities that an observer reports any of the levels of a discomfort scale. This methodology is demonstrated for outdoor lighting, where no probabilistic model is available. Using a dedicated psychophysical experiment, we extend the results of a previous study where a formula was proposed to compute the Glare Excitation due to a multi-source stimulus, at the Borderline between Comfort and Discomfort (BCD), with a background luminance consistent with outdoor lighting. This formula is first extended to other discomfort levels and background luminance levels, and strengthened thanks to a different experimental protocol and to the use of up to 10 glare sources simultaneously. From this experiment, a formula of the Glare Excitation is proposed in the range of outdoor lighting. Then, a probabilistic model of the Discomfort Level is proposed, allowing computing the probability of ratings at each level of an ordinal scale from the Glare Excitation computed with our formula. It is hoped that the proposed model avoids most of the modeling methodological caveats of previous discomfort glare models.","PeriodicalId":49911,"journal":{"name":"Leukos","volume":"48 1","pages":"368 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79090998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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