Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.3389/fhort.2024.1418447
I. Chatzigeorgiou, Maria Ravani, Dimitrios K. Papadopoulos, George Kelesidis, Ioannis A. Giantsis, Aphrodite Tsaballa, Athanasios Koukounaras, G. Ntinas
Aquaponics is an integrated food production system that links recirculating aquaculture with hydroponics, leading to higher water use efficiency than conventional food production systems while also saving on fertilizers. In the present study, baby lettuce and baby rocket plants cultivated hydroponically in a deep water culture system using wastewater from rainbow trout were evaluated as part of a vertical decoupled aquaponic system.More specifically, three different nutrient solutions were supplied: a) using fish wastewater only (designated as Fish); b) fish wastewater enriched with synthetic fertilizers (Mix); and c) a typical nutrient solution (Hoagland) as the control. Both lettuce and rocket plants were monitored in these nutrient solutions and in two different substrates, peat and perlite, as an organic and an inert substrate, respectively. The purpose of this study was to assess a vertical decoupled aquaponic system with regard to the resource use efficiency, such as water, land, and energy, while evaluating plant cultivation in the different treatments in terms of yield, growth, nitrate concentration on the leaf tissue, and foliar analysis. The photosynthetic rate and leaf color indices were also considered in the plant evaluation.The Mix–Peat treatment was the most efficient growing combination in terms of land and water use efficiency, with approximately 7% better land use efficiency while using 38% less water and 10% less fertilizer than Hoagland–Peat. Moreover, lettuce plants had the highest yield in the Mix–Peat treatment, at 2,497 g m−2, which was approximately 6% higher than that of Hoagland–Peat while not being inferior in the quality measures. On the other hand, the yield of rocket was significantly higher in the Hoagland–Peat treatment, being 18% higher than that of Mix–Peat and 30% higher than that of Fish–Peat. Overall, the study confirmed that aquaponic systems could lead to higher water use efficiency and savings in fertilizers without undermining the yield and quality of lettuce, while the vertical arrangement developed within the scope of this study can increase the land useefficiency of the system.
{"title":"Greenhouse production of baby leaf vegetables using rainbow trout wastewater in a high-tech vertical decoupled aquaponic system","authors":"I. Chatzigeorgiou, Maria Ravani, Dimitrios K. Papadopoulos, George Kelesidis, Ioannis A. Giantsis, Aphrodite Tsaballa, Athanasios Koukounaras, G. Ntinas","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2024.1418447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2024.1418447","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaponics is an integrated food production system that links recirculating aquaculture with hydroponics, leading to higher water use efficiency than conventional food production systems while also saving on fertilizers. In the present study, baby lettuce and baby rocket plants cultivated hydroponically in a deep water culture system using wastewater from rainbow trout were evaluated as part of a vertical decoupled aquaponic system.More specifically, three different nutrient solutions were supplied: a) using fish wastewater only (designated as Fish); b) fish wastewater enriched with synthetic fertilizers (Mix); and c) a typical nutrient solution (Hoagland) as the control. Both lettuce and rocket plants were monitored in these nutrient solutions and in two different substrates, peat and perlite, as an organic and an inert substrate, respectively. The purpose of this study was to assess a vertical decoupled aquaponic system with regard to the resource use efficiency, such as water, land, and energy, while evaluating plant cultivation in the different treatments in terms of yield, growth, nitrate concentration on the leaf tissue, and foliar analysis. The photosynthetic rate and leaf color indices were also considered in the plant evaluation.The Mix–Peat treatment was the most efficient growing combination in terms of land and water use efficiency, with approximately 7% better land use efficiency while using 38% less water and 10% less fertilizer than Hoagland–Peat. Moreover, lettuce plants had the highest yield in the Mix–Peat treatment, at 2,497 g m−2, which was approximately 6% higher than that of Hoagland–Peat while not being inferior in the quality measures. On the other hand, the yield of rocket was significantly higher in the Hoagland–Peat treatment, being 18% higher than that of Mix–Peat and 30% higher than that of Fish–Peat. Overall, the study confirmed that aquaponic systems could lead to higher water use efficiency and savings in fertilizers without undermining the yield and quality of lettuce, while the vertical arrangement developed within the scope of this study can increase the land useefficiency of the system.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.3389/fhort.2024.1378507
Anna Elisa Sdao, Sharon Zeller, Barbara De Lucia
The history of gardening and landscaping has historically been a male monopoly, and until the 20th century, women could not get anywhere near a career in these fields. This brief review focuses on some of the women who paved the way in Europe and the USA. It also attempts to tell some lesser-known stories, focusing on those who turned to gardening and landscaping, subjects that have been much less explored in floriculture. This review does not claim to be exhaustive, although it does attempt to draw attention to a historical period between the Victorian age and the present day. Women’s significant contributions range from dissemination to teaching, research, education, association and popularization of gardening and landscaping. In this paper, we briefly discuss, in the 21st century, men and women who may have similarities in education and work experience, but these similarities do not lead to comparable careers or positions in academic departments. Some scientific studies that have an impact on the design and sustainable management of green spaces linked to ecosystem services are considered. Finally, the contribution of women in landscape architecture is briefly examined.
{"title":"Shattering the glass ceiling for women in gardening and landscaping: a mini-review","authors":"Anna Elisa Sdao, Sharon Zeller, Barbara De Lucia","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2024.1378507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2024.1378507","url":null,"abstract":"The history of gardening and landscaping has historically been a male monopoly, and until the 20th century, women could not get anywhere near a career in these fields. This brief review focuses on some of the women who paved the way in Europe and the USA. It also attempts to tell some lesser-known stories, focusing on those who turned to gardening and landscaping, subjects that have been much less explored in floriculture. This review does not claim to be exhaustive, although it does attempt to draw attention to a historical period between the Victorian age and the present day. Women’s significant contributions range from dissemination to teaching, research, education, association and popularization of gardening and landscaping. In this paper, we briefly discuss, in the 21st century, men and women who may have similarities in education and work experience, but these similarities do not lead to comparable careers or positions in academic departments. Some scientific studies that have an impact on the design and sustainable management of green spaces linked to ecosystem services are considered. Finally, the contribution of women in landscape architecture is briefly examined.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gloriosa superba L. is an endangered ornamental plant of significant medicinal, commercial, and cultural value. This study establishes an efficient protocol for rapid in vitro propagation of this plant species through callus-mediated organogenesis using non-dormant corm explants.Plant tissue culture techniques were employed to facilitate the in vitro regeneration process of Gloriosa superba L. This encompassed various stages, including the acquisition of plant material, surface sterilization, formulation of growth media, and the execution of callogenesis, shooting, rooting, and acclimatization experiments.Investigation into the impact of plant growth regulators on callogenesis unveiled diverse callus morphologies, dependent on regulator type and concentration, with the NAA and KN combination emerging as the most effective for callus induction. Specifically, the callus induction medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 NAA, 0.5 mg L−1 KN, and 10 mg L−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) achieved remarkable results, boasting an 81.25% callus induction rate and a substantial callus biomass fresh weight of 333 mg. Furthermore, the combination of BAP and NAA facilitated optimal shoot primordia induction and shooting in callus derived from non-dormant corm explants. The shoot induction medium, enriched with 2.0 mg L−1 BAP, 0.5 mg L−1 NAA, 5 mg L−1 CH, and 20% (v/v) coconut water (CW), resulted in an impressive 83.33% shoot primordia formation rate and an average of 6.86 shoot primordia per callus. For root induction, the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 IBA displayed a high root induction rate of 81.25% and robust rooting (+++). Successful acclimatization of in vitro plantlets in controlled environments and shade net houses culminated in thriving growth, and upon transplantation into a garden soil blend (garden soil : sand : vermiculite, 2:1:1, v/v), with direct sunlight exposure, the plantlets demonstrated commendable development and form, boasting a 69% survival rate at the seven-week mark. These findings offer a robust foundation for scalable and sustainable propagation strategies, ensuring the conservation and utilization of this valuable species.
{"title":"Optimizing callus induction and indirect organogenesis in non-dormant corm explants of Gloriosa superba (L.) via media priming","authors":"Dexter Achu Mosoh, Ashok Kumar Khandel, Sandeep Kumar Verma, W. Vendrame","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2024.1378098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2024.1378098","url":null,"abstract":"Gloriosa superba L. is an endangered ornamental plant of significant medicinal, commercial, and cultural value. This study establishes an efficient protocol for rapid in vitro propagation of this plant species through callus-mediated organogenesis using non-dormant corm explants.Plant tissue culture techniques were employed to facilitate the in vitro regeneration process of Gloriosa superba L. This encompassed various stages, including the acquisition of plant material, surface sterilization, formulation of growth media, and the execution of callogenesis, shooting, rooting, and acclimatization experiments.Investigation into the impact of plant growth regulators on callogenesis unveiled diverse callus morphologies, dependent on regulator type and concentration, with the NAA and KN combination emerging as the most effective for callus induction. Specifically, the callus induction medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 NAA, 0.5 mg L−1 KN, and 10 mg L−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) achieved remarkable results, boasting an 81.25% callus induction rate and a substantial callus biomass fresh weight of 333 mg. Furthermore, the combination of BAP and NAA facilitated optimal shoot primordia induction and shooting in callus derived from non-dormant corm explants. The shoot induction medium, enriched with 2.0 mg L−1 BAP, 0.5 mg L−1 NAA, 5 mg L−1 CH, and 20% (v/v) coconut water (CW), resulted in an impressive 83.33% shoot primordia formation rate and an average of 6.86 shoot primordia per callus. For root induction, the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 IBA displayed a high root induction rate of 81.25% and robust rooting (+++). Successful acclimatization of in vitro plantlets in controlled environments and shade net houses culminated in thriving growth, and upon transplantation into a garden soil blend (garden soil : sand : vermiculite, 2:1:1, v/v), with direct sunlight exposure, the plantlets demonstrated commendable development and form, boasting a 69% survival rate at the seven-week mark. These findings offer a robust foundation for scalable and sustainable propagation strategies, ensuring the conservation and utilization of this valuable species.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"50 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.3389/fhort.2024.1353070
Ángela Navarro-Calderón, L. S. Magwaza, Leon A. Terry, M. Alamar
Clementine mandarins are categorised as non-climacteric fruit because they do not exhibit an increase in respiration rate and ethylene production during ripening. Recent studies have suggested that abscisic acid (ABA), a distinct ripening hormone, plays a pivotal role in the postharvest behaviour of this fruit. The present study aimed to identify biomarkers for enhancing the postharvest durability and flavour retention of imported ‘Nadorcott’ clementines (Citrus reticulata Blanco). To achieve this goal, an experiment was designed to investigate pre- and post-harvest factors influencing quality of clementine fruit, encompassing both physiological and biochemical aspects. Furthermore, the study investigated the role of ABA and ABA catabolites in the fruit senescence process.Clementines from four different canopy positions, i.e. upper outside, upper inside, lower outside, and lower inside, were manually harvested at different horticultural maturity. The study was conducted over two harvest times, specifically in March (mid-season) and April (end of season). Harvested fruit samples were stored for six weeks in a cold room with temperature and relative humidity set at 8.5±0.5 °C and 85±2%, respectively. Various physiological (i.e. respiration rate), organoleptic (i.e. rind colour, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity) and biochemical (i.e. individual sugars and organic acids, abscisic acid and its catabolites) variables were measured bi-weekly. Sensory evaluation and consumer survey were conducted during the fourth week of storage.At the end of storage, fruit located on the inside of the canopy had a significantly higher respiration rate and lower concentration of sugars than outside fruit, resulting in a shorter shelf-life. At the same time, inside fruit showed a higher concentration of ABA and ABA catabolites than outside fruit, coinciding with a lower consumer acceptance score for external appearance, aroma, and flavour. For the first time, the key biomarkers affecting resilience and flavour retention, notably the higher ABA concentration and lower sugar levels in inner canopy fruit, resulting in a shorter shelf-life and reduced consumer acceptance were unveiled. This research not only provides valuable insights for the citrus industry but also unveils the intricate relationship between fruit quality, ABA, and ABA catabolites during senescence and consumer acceptance.
克莱门汀柑橘被归类为非柑橘类水果，因为它们在成熟过程中呼吸速率和乙烯产量都不会增加。最近的研究表明，脱落酸（ABA）是一种独特的成熟激素，在这种水果的采后行为中起着关键作用。本研究旨在确定生物标志物，以提高进口 "Nadorcott "柑橘（Citrus reticulata Blanco）的采后耐久性和风味保持率。为实现这一目标，研究人员设计了一项实验，调查影响克莱门汀果实质量的采前和采后因素，包括生理和生化两方面。此外，该研究还调查了 ABA 和 ABA 分解产物在果实衰老过程中的作用。在不同的园艺成熟度下，人工采收来自四个不同树冠位置（即外侧上部、内侧上部、外侧下部和内侧下部）的克莱门汀。研究在两个采收期进行，即三月（季节中期）和四月（季节末期）。采收的果实样本在冷库中贮藏六周，温度和相对湿度分别设定为 8.5±0.5 °C 和 85±2%。每两周测量一次各种生理（即呼吸速率）、感官（即果皮颜色、总可溶性固形物和可滴定酸度）和生化（即单个糖和有机酸、脱落酸及其代谢产物）变量。贮藏结束时，位于树冠内侧的果实的呼吸速率和糖分浓度明显高于树冠外侧的果实，导致货架期缩短。同时，内侧果实的 ABA 和 ABA 分解物浓度高于外侧果实，消费者对其外观、香气和风味的接受度评分也较低。该研究首次揭示了影响果实韧性和风味保持的关键生物标志物，特别是果冠内层果实中较高的 ABA 浓度和较低的糖分水平，从而导致货架期缩短和消费者接受度降低。这项研究不仅为柑橘产业提供了有价值的见解，而且揭示了衰老过程中果实质量、ABA 和 ABA 分解物与消费者接受度之间错综复杂的关系。
{"title":"Unveiling biomarkers for postharvest resilience: the role of canopy position on quality and abscisic acid dynamics of ‘Nadorcott’ clementine mandarins","authors":"Ángela Navarro-Calderón, L. S. Magwaza, Leon A. Terry, M. Alamar","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2024.1353070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2024.1353070","url":null,"abstract":"Clementine mandarins are categorised as non-climacteric fruit because they do not exhibit an increase in respiration rate and ethylene production during ripening. Recent studies have suggested that abscisic acid (ABA), a distinct ripening hormone, plays a pivotal role in the postharvest behaviour of this fruit. The present study aimed to identify biomarkers for enhancing the postharvest durability and flavour retention of imported ‘Nadorcott’ clementines (Citrus reticulata Blanco). To achieve this goal, an experiment was designed to investigate pre- and post-harvest factors influencing quality of clementine fruit, encompassing both physiological and biochemical aspects. Furthermore, the study investigated the role of ABA and ABA catabolites in the fruit senescence process.Clementines from four different canopy positions, i.e. upper outside, upper inside, lower outside, and lower inside, were manually harvested at different horticultural maturity. The study was conducted over two harvest times, specifically in March (mid-season) and April (end of season). Harvested fruit samples were stored for six weeks in a cold room with temperature and relative humidity set at 8.5±0.5 °C and 85±2%, respectively. Various physiological (i.e. respiration rate), organoleptic (i.e. rind colour, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity) and biochemical (i.e. individual sugars and organic acids, abscisic acid and its catabolites) variables were measured bi-weekly. Sensory evaluation and consumer survey were conducted during the fourth week of storage.At the end of storage, fruit located on the inside of the canopy had a significantly higher respiration rate and lower concentration of sugars than outside fruit, resulting in a shorter shelf-life. At the same time, inside fruit showed a higher concentration of ABA and ABA catabolites than outside fruit, coinciding with a lower consumer acceptance score for external appearance, aroma, and flavour. For the first time, the key biomarkers affecting resilience and flavour retention, notably the higher ABA concentration and lower sugar levels in inner canopy fruit, resulting in a shorter shelf-life and reduced consumer acceptance were unveiled. This research not only provides valuable insights for the citrus industry but also unveils the intricate relationship between fruit quality, ABA, and ABA catabolites during senescence and consumer acceptance.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.3389/fhort.2024.1373717
Xiangming Xu, S. Agyare, Eithne Browne, T. Passey
Postharvest spoilage of strawberry grown under protection, caused by Mucor spp. and Rhizopus spp., has recently become more common in the UK, but there is insufficient knowledge to develop and implement integrated management against Mucor and Rhizopus. Field sampling was conducted to obtain field data for developing models to predict the infection of Mucor and Rhizopus on strawberry fruit. Fruits were exposed to naturally occurring inoculum for a period of 24 hours before surface-sterilisation and incubation to estimate the level of infection by Mucor and Rhizopus. The observed incidence data, together with climatic conditions and inoculum trap counts, were used analysed firstly within the framework of (1) generalised linear model (GLM), and (2) classification tree. Field sampling confirmed previous research that ripening/ripe strawberry fruits are more susceptible to infection by Mucor and Rhizopus. Climatic variability, particularly in vapour pressure deficit, appears to be more important in influencing the rotting incidence of both Mucor and Rhizopus. However, the predictability of both Mucor and Rhizopus, whether as a continuous variable (incidence) in the GLM analysis or as a categorical risk in classification tree analysis, is too low to be of practical value based on those predictors used in the present study. Thus, current management may have to be based on scheduled preharvest application of alternative products to reduce infection and local pathogen inoculum as well as adopting management practice to minimise pathogen inoculum in the planting. Future research is needed to develop methods for rapid yet accurate in situ quantification of pathogen inoculum to improve disease risk predictions.
{"title":"Predicting infection of strawberry fruit by Mucor and Rhizopus spp. under protected conditions","authors":"Xiangming Xu, S. Agyare, Eithne Browne, T. Passey","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2024.1373717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2024.1373717","url":null,"abstract":"Postharvest spoilage of strawberry grown under protection, caused by Mucor spp. and Rhizopus spp., has recently become more common in the UK, but there is insufficient knowledge to develop and implement integrated management against Mucor and Rhizopus. Field sampling was conducted to obtain field data for developing models to predict the infection of Mucor and Rhizopus on strawberry fruit. Fruits were exposed to naturally occurring inoculum for a period of 24 hours before surface-sterilisation and incubation to estimate the level of infection by Mucor and Rhizopus. The observed incidence data, together with climatic conditions and inoculum trap counts, were used analysed firstly within the framework of (1) generalised linear model (GLM), and (2) classification tree. Field sampling confirmed previous research that ripening/ripe strawberry fruits are more susceptible to infection by Mucor and Rhizopus. Climatic variability, particularly in vapour pressure deficit, appears to be more important in influencing the rotting incidence of both Mucor and Rhizopus. However, the predictability of both Mucor and Rhizopus, whether as a continuous variable (incidence) in the GLM analysis or as a categorical risk in classification tree analysis, is too low to be of practical value based on those predictors used in the present study. Thus, current management may have to be based on scheduled preharvest application of alternative products to reduce infection and local pathogen inoculum as well as adopting management practice to minimise pathogen inoculum in the planting. Future research is needed to develop methods for rapid yet accurate in situ quantification of pathogen inoculum to improve disease risk predictions.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"37 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.3389/fhort.2024.1253616
Sylviane Mbogning, S. T. Okiobe, Susanne Theuerl, D. Nwaga
Actually, there are intensive efforts towards eco-friendly integrated agricultural management measures to control plant diseases and pests. One of the most promising approaches is the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with organic biopesticides such as eagle fern manure (FM) compost tea. However, their effects have been mainly studied independently from each other. The potential interactions between belowground plant-associated microorganisms such as AMF and aboveground foliar application of biopesticide to mitigate common tomato phytopathogens and pests remain untapped, particularly under on-farm conditions. In a randomized complete block design, the impact of inoculating tomato seedlings with a selected AMF consortium and beyond that the impact of mycorrhized plants receiving three different doses of FM compost tea (0%, 5%, and 10%) on the control of tomato-specific plant diseases and pests and subsequently on the crop yield were examined. The present study demonstrated a sevenfold increase in the rate of mycorrhizal root colonization (from 10% to 70%) in tomato plants that received the combined application of AMF and 10% FM compost tea compared to the control plants that did not receive AMF inoculum and FM compost tea. The combination of AMF and FM compost tea application led to positive synergistic effects that promoted beneficial effects in suppressing the incidence and severity of common tomato diseases and pests. The magnitude of these synergistic effects increased with AMF inoculation and FM compost tea dosage, culminating in greater suppression of tomato plant diseases and pests and, moreover, in an increase in fruit yield compared to control plants. The combination of AMF and 10% FM compost tea revealed a higher suppressive ability against most pathogens and insect attacks. This was evidenced by a 71.3% and 94.7% total reduction in incidence and severity, respectively, compared to control plants. This is the first time that pre-inoculation of AM, combined with FM compost tea application, has been reported as a potential biocontrol alternative to suppress common tomato pathogens and pests while increasing cherry tomato yields sustainably.
{"title":"Synergistic interplay between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fern manure compost tea suppresses common tomato phytopathogens and pest attacks on-farm","authors":"Sylviane Mbogning, S. T. Okiobe, Susanne Theuerl, D. Nwaga","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2024.1253616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2024.1253616","url":null,"abstract":"Actually, there are intensive efforts towards eco-friendly integrated agricultural management measures to control plant diseases and pests. One of the most promising approaches is the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with organic biopesticides such as eagle fern manure (FM) compost tea. However, their effects have been mainly studied independently from each other. The potential interactions between belowground plant-associated microorganisms such as AMF and aboveground foliar application of biopesticide to mitigate common tomato phytopathogens and pests remain untapped, particularly under on-farm conditions. In a randomized complete block design, the impact of inoculating tomato seedlings with a selected AMF consortium and beyond that the impact of mycorrhized plants receiving three different doses of FM compost tea (0%, 5%, and 10%) on the control of tomato-specific plant diseases and pests and subsequently on the crop yield were examined. The present study demonstrated a sevenfold increase in the rate of mycorrhizal root colonization (from 10% to 70%) in tomato plants that received the combined application of AMF and 10% FM compost tea compared to the control plants that did not receive AMF inoculum and FM compost tea. The combination of AMF and FM compost tea application led to positive synergistic effects that promoted beneficial effects in suppressing the incidence and severity of common tomato diseases and pests. The magnitude of these synergistic effects increased with AMF inoculation and FM compost tea dosage, culminating in greater suppression of tomato plant diseases and pests and, moreover, in an increase in fruit yield compared to control plants. The combination of AMF and 10% FM compost tea revealed a higher suppressive ability against most pathogens and insect attacks. This was evidenced by a 71.3% and 94.7% total reduction in incidence and severity, respectively, compared to control plants. This is the first time that pre-inoculation of AM, combined with FM compost tea application, has been reported as a potential biocontrol alternative to suppress common tomato pathogens and pests while increasing cherry tomato yields sustainably.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"71 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.3389/fhort.2024.1253616
Sylviane Mbogning, S. T. Okiobe, Susanne Theuerl, D. Nwaga
Actually, there are intensive efforts towards eco-friendly integrated agricultural management measures to control plant diseases and pests. One of the most promising approaches is the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with organic biopesticides such as eagle fern manure (FM) compost tea. However, their effects have been mainly studied independently from each other. The potential interactions between belowground plant-associated microorganisms such as AMF and aboveground foliar application of biopesticide to mitigate common tomato phytopathogens and pests remain untapped, particularly under on-farm conditions. In a randomized complete block design, the impact of inoculating tomato seedlings with a selected AMF consortium and beyond that the impact of mycorrhized plants receiving three different doses of FM compost tea (0%, 5%, and 10%) on the control of tomato-specific plant diseases and pests and subsequently on the crop yield were examined. The present study demonstrated a sevenfold increase in the rate of mycorrhizal root colonization (from 10% to 70%) in tomato plants that received the combined application of AMF and 10% FM compost tea compared to the control plants that did not receive AMF inoculum and FM compost tea. The combination of AMF and FM compost tea application led to positive synergistic effects that promoted beneficial effects in suppressing the incidence and severity of common tomato diseases and pests. The magnitude of these synergistic effects increased with AMF inoculation and FM compost tea dosage, culminating in greater suppression of tomato plant diseases and pests and, moreover, in an increase in fruit yield compared to control plants. The combination of AMF and 10% FM compost tea revealed a higher suppressive ability against most pathogens and insect attacks. This was evidenced by a 71.3% and 94.7% total reduction in incidence and severity, respectively, compared to control plants. This is the first time that pre-inoculation of AM, combined with FM compost tea application, has been reported as a potential biocontrol alternative to suppress common tomato pathogens and pests while increasing cherry tomato yields sustainably.
事实上，人们正在大力推行生态友好型综合农业管理措施，以控制植物病虫害。最有前途的方法之一是将丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）与鹰蕨粪（FM）堆肥茶等有机生物农药结合使用。然而，对它们的作用的研究主要是相互独立的。地下植物相关微生物（如 AMF）与地上叶面喷施生物农药以减轻常见番茄植物病原体和害虫之间的潜在相互作用仍未得到开发，尤其是在农场条件下。本研究采用随机完全区组设计，考察了给番茄幼苗接种精选 AMF 菌群的影响，以及接种菌根的植株接受三种不同剂量的调频堆肥茶（0%、5% 和 10%）后对番茄特有植物病虫害的控制以及随后对作物产量的影响。本研究表明，与未接受 AMF 接种物和调频堆肥茶的对照植物相比，接受 AMF 和 10% 调频堆肥茶联合施用的番茄植物的菌根定植率提高了七倍（从 10% 提高到 70%）。联合施用 AMF 和调频堆肥茶产生了积极的协同效应，在抑制常见番茄病虫害的发生率和严重程度方面产生了有利影响。随着 AMF 接种量和 FM 堆肥茶用量的增加，这些协同效应的程度也随之增加，最终对番茄植株病虫害的抑制作用更强，而且与对照植株相比，果实产量也有所增加。将 AMF 和 10% FM 堆肥茶结合使用，对大多数病原体和虫害都有较强的抑制能力。与对照植物相比，发病率和严重程度分别降低了 71.3% 和 94.7%。这是首次报道 AM 的预接种与 FM 堆肥茶的施用相结合，可作为一种潜在的生物防治替代方法，在抑制常见番茄病原体和害虫的同时，可持续地提高樱桃番茄的产量。
{"title":"Synergistic interplay between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fern manure compost tea suppresses common tomato phytopathogens and pest attacks on-farm","authors":"Sylviane Mbogning, S. T. Okiobe, Susanne Theuerl, D. Nwaga","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2024.1253616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2024.1253616","url":null,"abstract":"Actually, there are intensive efforts towards eco-friendly integrated agricultural management measures to control plant diseases and pests. One of the most promising approaches is the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with organic biopesticides such as eagle fern manure (FM) compost tea. However, their effects have been mainly studied independently from each other. The potential interactions between belowground plant-associated microorganisms such as AMF and aboveground foliar application of biopesticide to mitigate common tomato phytopathogens and pests remain untapped, particularly under on-farm conditions. In a randomized complete block design, the impact of inoculating tomato seedlings with a selected AMF consortium and beyond that the impact of mycorrhized plants receiving three different doses of FM compost tea (0%, 5%, and 10%) on the control of tomato-specific plant diseases and pests and subsequently on the crop yield were examined. The present study demonstrated a sevenfold increase in the rate of mycorrhizal root colonization (from 10% to 70%) in tomato plants that received the combined application of AMF and 10% FM compost tea compared to the control plants that did not receive AMF inoculum and FM compost tea. The combination of AMF and FM compost tea application led to positive synergistic effects that promoted beneficial effects in suppressing the incidence and severity of common tomato diseases and pests. The magnitude of these synergistic effects increased with AMF inoculation and FM compost tea dosage, culminating in greater suppression of tomato plant diseases and pests and, moreover, in an increase in fruit yield compared to control plants. The combination of AMF and 10% FM compost tea revealed a higher suppressive ability against most pathogens and insect attacks. This was evidenced by a 71.3% and 94.7% total reduction in incidence and severity, respectively, compared to control plants. This is the first time that pre-inoculation of AM, combined with FM compost tea application, has been reported as a potential biocontrol alternative to suppress common tomato pathogens and pests while increasing cherry tomato yields sustainably.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"351 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.3389/fhort.2023.1228494
Warren E. Copes, Peter S. Ojiambo
A quantitative review was performed on the effectiveness of peroxygen products that contain hydrogen peroxide (HP), peracetic acid (PAA) and potassium peroxy-monosulfate (PPMS) to eliminate non-fungal plant pathogens in agricultural and horticultural cropping systems.This quantitative analysis is a complementary follow-up to a previous study on efficacy of peroxygen against fungal plant pathogens. The meta-analysis evaluated the biocidal activity of peroxygen intervention treatments against 15 different non-fungal plant pathogens in 81 studies compared to independent non-treated controls that were conducted over the last 30 years.The overall summary effect size was a Hedges’ g (g¯+) of 1.98 for the random effects model, which indicates that peroxgen treatments caused a moderate to high reduction in viable propagules or disease progression in most cases. The range in efficacy was defined by the 95% prediction intervals (-0.82 to 4.80) and indicated peroxygen applications would range from ineffective to very highly effective in 95% of similar populations. Peroxygen compounds provided similar control (P = 0.5655) against bacteria, oomycetes and viruses, while being more effective against zygomycetes (P = 0.0001) than other organism types. Differences were observed between peroxygen active ingredients (a.i.) (P = 0.0203), where PPMS was more effective than HP + PAA. Differences were also observed when peroxygen compounds were applied on different target materials (P = 0.0004). Peroxygen compounds were moderately effective against non-fungal plant pathogens when applied in solution and on metal surfaces but ineffective when applied on plants under crop production conditions. Differences between target materials explained 50% of the true variances in a meta-regression model with the length of time peroxygens were in contact with target materials (P = 0.0416).These results show that although the current recommended dose and contact time for commercial peroxygen products are expected to result in pathogen inactivation, their efficacy will likely be influenced by the organism and material being treated. This analysis serves as a base reference for considering efficacy performance of peroxygen compounds against non-fungal plant pathogens.
{"title":"Efficacy of peroxygen disinfestants against non-fungal plant pathogens in agricultural and horticultural production: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Warren E. Copes, Peter S. Ojiambo","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2023.1228494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2023.1228494","url":null,"abstract":"A quantitative review was performed on the effectiveness of peroxygen products that contain hydrogen peroxide (HP), peracetic acid (PAA) and potassium peroxy-monosulfate (PPMS) to eliminate non-fungal plant pathogens in agricultural and horticultural cropping systems.This quantitative analysis is a complementary follow-up to a previous study on efficacy of peroxygen against fungal plant pathogens. The meta-analysis evaluated the biocidal activity of peroxygen intervention treatments against 15 different non-fungal plant pathogens in 81 studies compared to independent non-treated controls that were conducted over the last 30 years.The overall summary effect size was a Hedges’ g (g¯+) of 1.98 for the random effects model, which indicates that peroxgen treatments caused a moderate to high reduction in viable propagules or disease progression in most cases. The range in efficacy was defined by the 95% prediction intervals (-0.82 to 4.80) and indicated peroxygen applications would range from ineffective to very highly effective in 95% of similar populations. Peroxygen compounds provided similar control (P = 0.5655) against bacteria, oomycetes and viruses, while being more effective against zygomycetes (P = 0.0001) than other organism types. Differences were observed between peroxygen active ingredients (a.i.) (P = 0.0203), where PPMS was more effective than HP + PAA. Differences were also observed when peroxygen compounds were applied on different target materials (P = 0.0004). Peroxygen compounds were moderately effective against non-fungal plant pathogens when applied in solution and on metal surfaces but ineffective when applied on plants under crop production conditions. Differences between target materials explained 50% of the true variances in a meta-regression model with the length of time peroxygens were in contact with target materials (P = 0.0416).These results show that although the current recommended dose and contact time for commercial peroxygen products are expected to result in pathogen inactivation, their efficacy will likely be influenced by the organism and material being treated. This analysis serves as a base reference for considering efficacy performance of peroxygen compounds against non-fungal plant pathogens.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"85 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heterosis in plants has been among the challenging topics for plant scientists worldwide. The production of F1 hybrid varieties of seed-propagated horticultural species is one of the most successful applications of plant breeding techniques. The exploitation of the heterosis phenomenon promotes homogeneity and maximizes crop yields and is a way for breeders to legally control and protect their commercial products. In the past heterosis has been largely studied and explored in cereal crop systems, considering maize as a model for understanding the genetic bases of this phenomenon. To date, crossbreeding in horticultural vegetables has also rapidly progressed. F1 hybrid varieties are available for many horticultural crops, including both allogamous and autogamous species. Several genetic and nongenetic mechanisms have been applied to facilitate the large-scale production of F1 hybrid seeds in vegetable crops to prevent undesirable selfing. Although the development and commercialization of F1 hybrids is currently common in agriculture, this phenomenon is still being investigated at different levels. With the rapid accumulation of knowledge on plant genome structures and gene activities and the advancement of new genomics platforms and methodologies, significant progress has been achieved in recent years in the study of the genetic and molecular bases of heterosis. This paper provides a brief overview of current theoretical advances and practical predictions of the molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis in plants. The aim is to carefully summarize the fundamental mechanisms of heterosis in plants, focusing on horticultural plant breeding, to improve the existing knowledge in this research area. We describe the quantitative genetic model of phenotypic variation and combine evolutionary, phenotypic and molecular genetic views to explain the origin and manifestation of heterosis and its significance for breeding F1 hybrid varieties in horticultural crops. The principles of genomic prediction and its applications in genomic selection are then covered.
{"title":"Heterosis in horticultural crop breeding: combining old theoretical bases with modern genomic views","authors":"Silvia Farinati, Francesco Scariolo, Fabio Palumbo, Alessandro Vannozzi, Gianni Barcaccia, Margherita Lucchin","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2023.1250875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2023.1250875","url":null,"abstract":"Heterosis in plants has been among the challenging topics for plant scientists worldwide. The production of F1 hybrid varieties of seed-propagated horticultural species is one of the most successful applications of plant breeding techniques. The exploitation of the heterosis phenomenon promotes homogeneity and maximizes crop yields and is a way for breeders to legally control and protect their commercial products. In the past heterosis has been largely studied and explored in cereal crop systems, considering maize as a model for understanding the genetic bases of this phenomenon. To date, crossbreeding in horticultural vegetables has also rapidly progressed. F1 hybrid varieties are available for many horticultural crops, including both allogamous and autogamous species. Several genetic and nongenetic mechanisms have been applied to facilitate the large-scale production of F1 hybrid seeds in vegetable crops to prevent undesirable selfing. Although the development and commercialization of F1 hybrids is currently common in agriculture, this phenomenon is still being investigated at different levels. With the rapid accumulation of knowledge on plant genome structures and gene activities and the advancement of new genomics platforms and methodologies, significant progress has been achieved in recent years in the study of the genetic and molecular bases of heterosis. This paper provides a brief overview of current theoretical advances and practical predictions of the molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis in plants. The aim is to carefully summarize the fundamental mechanisms of heterosis in plants, focusing on horticultural plant breeding, to improve the existing knowledge in this research area. We describe the quantitative genetic model of phenotypic variation and combine evolutionary, phenotypic and molecular genetic views to explain the origin and manifestation of heterosis and its significance for breeding F1 hybrid varieties in horticultural crops. The principles of genomic prediction and its applications in genomic selection are then covered.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"18 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.3389/fhort.2023.1267429
Nathalie Luchaire, Laurent Jean-Marie Torregrosa, Yves Gibon, Markus Rienth, Charles Romieu, Agnès Ageorges, Olivier Turc, Bertrand Muller, Anne Pellegrino
Introduction Global warming is a major threat to yield sustainability in most crops, including grapevine. Whether or not grapevine fruitfulness is impaired by an imbalance between carbon supply and demand caused by high temperatures was investigated in the present study. Methods Five experiments were conducted on Microvine , a natural mutant of grapevine that is insensitive to gibberellins, presents with a dwarf stature, and has continuous flowering along the vegetative axes. The last property was used to infer temporal patterns of inflorescence development from their spatial distribution at harvest. Two sets of plants, characterized by low or high levels of initial shoot vigor, were grown under contrasting day and night temperatures: 22°C/12°C and 30°C/20°C. Results and discussion The rate of leaf development of the main shoot was stable, regardless of the initial vigor and temperature treatment. In contrast, the warm temperatures delayed the timing of flowering for low-vigor plants or the onset of ripening for high-vigor plants. Fruitfulness was impaired by high temperatures as a result of the abscission of young inflorescences (before the flowering stage). From a careful spatiotemporal analysis of cluster abscission, we concluded that inflorescence drop under elevated temperatures was triggered by the increase in plant carbon demand due to the oldest clusters starting to unload sugars. Elevated temperatures may have also lowered the carbohydrate supply in the zone of inflorescence abscission due to the higher leaf respiration while all organ growth demand was maintained. Interestingly, inflorescence abscission occurred earlier when whole-plant vigor was low and was followed by a recovery period, in spite of a lower non-structural sugar status than in high-vigor plants. Taken together, our results suggest that inflorescence abscission is linked to the variations of the carbon pool induced by changes in temperature and not to its absolute value. Our study, therefore, provides new hypotheses about the impacts of warm temperatures on the regulation of temperature-induced reproductive failure in grapevine.
{"title":"A low carbon balance triggers Microvine inflorescence abscission at high temperatures","authors":"Nathalie Luchaire, Laurent Jean-Marie Torregrosa, Yves Gibon, Markus Rienth, Charles Romieu, Agnès Ageorges, Olivier Turc, Bertrand Muller, Anne Pellegrino","doi":"10.3389/fhort.2023.1267429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fhort.2023.1267429","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Global warming is a major threat to yield sustainability in most crops, including grapevine. Whether or not grapevine fruitfulness is impaired by an imbalance between carbon supply and demand caused by high temperatures was investigated in the present study. Methods Five experiments were conducted on Microvine , a natural mutant of grapevine that is insensitive to gibberellins, presents with a dwarf stature, and has continuous flowering along the vegetative axes. The last property was used to infer temporal patterns of inflorescence development from their spatial distribution at harvest. Two sets of plants, characterized by low or high levels of initial shoot vigor, were grown under contrasting day and night temperatures: 22°C/12°C and 30°C/20°C. Results and discussion The rate of leaf development of the main shoot was stable, regardless of the initial vigor and temperature treatment. In contrast, the warm temperatures delayed the timing of flowering for low-vigor plants or the onset of ripening for high-vigor plants. Fruitfulness was impaired by high temperatures as a result of the abscission of young inflorescences (before the flowering stage). From a careful spatiotemporal analysis of cluster abscission, we concluded that inflorescence drop under elevated temperatures was triggered by the increase in plant carbon demand due to the oldest clusters starting to unload sugars. Elevated temperatures may have also lowered the carbohydrate supply in the zone of inflorescence abscission due to the higher leaf respiration while all organ growth demand was maintained. Interestingly, inflorescence abscission occurred earlier when whole-plant vigor was low and was followed by a recovery period, in spite of a lower non-structural sugar status than in high-vigor plants. Taken together, our results suggest that inflorescence abscission is linked to the variations of the carbon pool induced by changes in temperature and not to its absolute value. Our study, therefore, provides new hypotheses about the impacts of warm temperatures on the regulation of temperature-induced reproductive failure in grapevine.","PeriodicalId":499141,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Horticulture","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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