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The mechanisms of the contract system should be simple and transparent 合同制度的机制应简单透明
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2310-06
V.A. Lebedev, E.I. Lebedeva
Procurement activities of medical institutions aimed at ensuring the provision of medical services with equipment, medicines, consumables are carried out in accordance with the competitive procedure for determining suppliers and selecting contractors. In May 2023, Federal Law No. 154-FZ of 28.04.2023 “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On the Contract System in the Field of Procurement of Goods, Works, Services for State and Municipal Needs” came into force, which simplified and accelerated procurement procedures. The key changes in the regulations of public procurement for the needs of medical institutions are considered, including a change in the approach of the legislator to determining the initial maximum contract price (IMCP). The mechanism of combating corruption in the field of procurement, manifested through a conflict of interests of procurement participants, has been studied.
医疗机构的采购活动旨在确保提供医疗服务,包括设备、药品和消耗品,是按照确定供应商和选择承包商的竞争程序进行的。2023年5月,2023年4月28日第154-FZ号联邦法“关于修改联邦法“关于国家和市政需要的货物、工程、服务采购领域的合同制度”,简化和加快了采购程序。考虑了为满足医疗机构的需要而对公共采购条例作出的关键修改,包括立法者在确定初始最高合同价格(IMCP)方面的做法的改变。对采购领域中通过采购参与者的利益冲突表现出来的反腐败机制进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanisms for the implementation of state "green" procurement in Russia 俄罗斯实施国家“绿色”采购的机制
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2309-04
Yu.N. Kovalenko, S.N. Kovalenko
This study examines state “green” purchases, as well as their impact on various spheres of life. The economic, environmental and social benefits of “green” public procurement have been identified, which can help improve not only the ecology of the country, but also the standard of living of its citizens. The legislation related to this type of procurement is also presented, environmental requirements for goods, works, and services that are mandatory for indication in the procurement of state organizations of the city of Moscow are given. The experience of foreign countries was cited as an example of the development of the public “green” procurement sector. The study analyzes the mechanism of implementation of state “green” procurement in Russia by the example of the application of certain environmental requirements in the implementation of the public procurement process in Moscow, provides a number of obstacles to the development of “green” public procurement in the Russian Federation. The conclusions are formulated on the basis of the analysis of the state “green” procurement in Russia.
这项研究考察了各州的“绿色”购买,以及它们对生活各个领域的影响。“绿色”公共采购的经济、环境和社会效益已得到确认,这不仅有助于改善该国的生态,还有助于提高其公民的生活水平。还介绍了与此类采购有关的立法,并给出了在莫斯科市国家组织采购中必须注明的货物、工程和服务的环境要求。他们引述外国的经验作为发展公共“绿色”采购部门的例子。本研究以莫斯科在实施公共采购过程中应用某些环境要求为例,分析了俄罗斯国家“绿色”采购的实施机制,提出了俄罗斯联邦发展“绿色”公共采购的若干障碍。本文的结论是在分析俄罗斯国家“绿色”采购的基础上得出的。
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引用次数: 0
Balance sheet: development of the methodology for its formation in the system of Russian accounting standards 资产负债表:俄罗斯会计准则体系中资产负债表形成方法的发展
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2309-03
T.Y. Druzhilovskaya
This article is devoted to the study of methodological approaches to the formation of the balance sheet — the most important reporting form that characterizes the financial position of organizations. The program for the development of federal accounting standards includes the adoption of a standard dedicated to financial statements, which, among other things, will contain requirements for the formation of a balance sheet. At present, the draft FSBU 4/2023 “Accounting (financial) reporting” has been developed and published for discussion. The article examines the methodological approaches to the preparation of the balance sheet proposed in this project. The regulations proposed in the draft FSBU 4/2023 are compared with the methodological approaches to the formation of the balance sheet in the current PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” and the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 66n dated July 2, 2010 “On the forms of financial statements of organizations”. Both expedient and debatable aspects of methodological approaches to the formation of the balance sheet in the draft FSBU 4/2023 “Accounting (financial) reporting” are identified. Substantiated proposals for solving debatable methodological aspects.
本文致力于研究形成资产负债表的方法方法,资产负债表是表征组织财务状况的最重要的报告形式。制定联邦会计准则的计划包括采用一项专门用于财务报表的标准,除其他事项外,该标准将包含形成资产负债表的要求。目前,FSBU 4/2023“会计(财务)报告”草案已经制定并公布供讨论。本文考察了在这个项目中提出的编制资产负债表的方法方法。FSBU 4/2023草案中提出的规定与现行PBU 4/99“组织会计报表”中形成资产负债表的方法方法以及2010年7月2日俄罗斯财政部第66n号命令“关于组织财务报表的形式”进行了比较。在FSBU 4/2023“会计(财务)报告”草案中,确定了形成资产负债表的方法方法的权宜之计和有争议的方面。解决有争议的方法论方面的具体建议。
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引用次数: 0
Critical analysis of the definitions of the category “valuation” in accounting and non-accounting sources 对会计和非会计来源中“估值”类别定义的批判性分析
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2309-02
E.S. Druzhilovskaya
Valuation is undoubtedly the basis of accounting and reporting of any organization. At the same time, as our research have shown, to date, the accounting regulations do not provide a definition of the valuation, and in the scientific and educational literature there is no consensus of scientists on this issue. This article critically analyzes various points of view regarding the interpretation of the category “valuation”, presented in Russian and foreign accounting and non-accounting sources of recent decades. The following research methods were used: analysis and synthesis,comparison, grouping method, logical approach, systematic approach, analogy method. As a result of the research, this paper presents the author’s view of the existing definitions of the category “valuation” in relation to their applicability in modern accounting and reporting. The results reflected in this article will be of interest to a wide range of readers who analyze various problems of Russian and foreign accounting and reporting, including the valuation of accounting objects and reporting elements. In addition, the results obtained in this work can be applied in the educational process of higher educational institutions and in the practical work of accounting departments. In addition, the results of this study can be used in the development and improvement of relevant domestic and foreign regulatory documents on accounting and reporting.
估值无疑是任何组织会计和报告的基础。与此同时,正如我们的研究表明的那样,迄今为止,会计法规没有提供估值的定义,在科学和教育文献中,科学家们在这个问题上没有达成共识。本文批判性地分析了近几十年来在俄罗斯和外国会计和非会计来源中提出的关于“估值”类别解释的各种观点。研究方法主要有:分析综合法、比较法、分组法、逻辑法、系统法、类比法。作为研究的结果,本文提出了作者对“估值”类别的现有定义及其在现代会计和报告中的适用性的看法。本文反映的结果将引起广泛的读者的兴趣,他们分析俄罗斯和外国会计和报告的各种问题,包括会计对象和报告要素的估值。此外,本工作取得的成果可以应用于高等院校的教学过程和会计部门的实际工作中。此外,本文的研究结果可用于国内外相关会计和报告监管文件的制定和完善。
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引用次数: 1
Accounting for the results of intellectual activity: a service invention 计算智力活动的结果:一项服务性发明
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2309-01
Lyudmila Viktorovna Sotnikova
In 2024, reporting organizations will begin to apply FSB 14/2022 “Intangible Assets” without fail. In 2023, this standard can be applied voluntarily ahead of schedule. Intangible assets include, in particular, the results of intellectual activity that can be obtained by employees of organizations in the course of their official activities. Such results of intellectual activity are, on the one hand, service inventions, on the other hand, internally created intangible assets in compliance with all recognition criteria. Stimulating the creativity of employees and the innovative development of Russian organizations, employees should be paid remuneration for service inventions, the amount of which, in the absence of an agreement between the employer and the employer, is determined by the rules established by the state. However, the practical application of the rules for the payment of remuneration to the authors of service inventions reveals contradictions between the interests of employees — authors and employers. The article deals with situations related to the payment of remuneration to the authors of service inventions. During the research, such methods as analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping, analogy, logical and systematic approaches were used. The research results obtained in this article can be applied in the practical work of modern organizations, in the educational process of higher educational institutions and in the development and reform of regulatory documents on accounting, reporting and auditing. The results presented in this paper will also be useful to a wide range of readers interested in modern problems of accounting, reporting and auditing at the domestic and international level.
2024年,报告机构将开始应用FSB 14/2022“无形资产”。到2023年,该标准可以提前自愿适用。无形资产特别包括组织雇员在其正式活动过程中所能获得的智力活动的成果。这种智力活动的结果,一方面是服务发明,另一方面是内部创造的符合所有确认标准的无形资产。为了激发员工的创造力和俄罗斯组织的创新发展,应为员工的职务发明支付报酬,在雇主和雇主之间没有协议的情况下,其数额由国家制定的规则确定。然而,对职务发明作者报酬支付规则的实际应用揭示了雇员——作者与雇主之间的利益矛盾。本文论述了职务发明作者报酬支付的有关情况。在研究过程中,采用了分析综合、比较、分组、类比、逻辑、系统等方法。本文的研究成果可以应用于现代组织的实际工作中,也可以应用于高等院校的教育过程中,也可以应用于会计、报告和审计规范性文件的制定和改革中。在本文中提出的结果也将是有用的广泛的读者感兴趣的会计,报告和审计在国内和国际层面的现代问题。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the methodology for the formation of the Statement of Financial Results in the system of Russian accounting standards 在俄罗斯会计准则体系中形成财务结果报表的方法的发展
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2310-02
T.Y. Druzhilovskaya
The article examines methodological approaches to the formation of the most important reporting form that characterizes the performance of organizations — the Report on Financial Results. The program for the development of federal accounting standards provides for the adoption of a standard dedicated to financial statements, which, among other things, will contain regulations for the formation of a Report on financial results. Currently, Draft FSBU 4/2023 “Accounting (financial) statements” has been developed and published for discussion. This article examines the methodological approaches presented in this Project to the preparation of the Statement of Financial Performance. Comparison of the regulations for the formation of the Statement of Financial Results proposed in the FSBU Draft 4/2023 with methodological approaches to the formation of this reporting form in the current PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of the organization” and the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 66n dated July 2, 2010 “On Forms of Accounting Statements of Organizations”. Both expedient and debatable aspects of methodological approaches to the formation of the Statement of Financial Results in the Draft FSBU 4/2023 “Accounting (financial) statements” are identified. Recommendations for solving debatable methodological issues are argued.
本文探讨了方法方法,以形成最重要的报告形式,表征组织的业绩-财务业绩报告。制定联邦会计准则的计划规定采用一项专门用于财务报表的标准,除其他事项外,该标准将包含有关财务结果报告形成的规定。目前,FSBU 4/2023草案“会计(财务)报表”已经制定并公布供讨论。本文考察了该项目中提出的编制财务业绩报表的方法方法。将FSBU第4/2023号草案中提出的财务报表编制规则与现行PBU第4/99号《组织会计报表》和2010年7月2日俄罗斯财政部第66n号命令《组织会计报表》中编制该报表的方法方法进行比较。在FSBU 4/2023草案“会计(财务)报表”中,确定了形成财务报表的方法方法的权宜之计和有争议的方面。讨论了解决有争议的方法问题的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Public procurement artificial ’’fragmentation’’: actual problems and customer’s responsibility 公共采购人为“碎片化”:实际问题与客户责任
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2310-04
A.A. Sergeenkov, N.A. Prodanova
One of the most urgent and controversial problems in the field of ensuring state and municipal needs is the public procurement artificial fragmentation. Fragmentation is carried out by customers in order to bypass certain price thresholds established by legislation in the field of procurement, to simplify or speed up procedures, or to obtain material benefits. At the same time, the discussion of the issue of procurement fragmentation is created by the lack of consolidation of this concept in legislation, which in turn leads to the emergence of different opinions regarding the criteria for qualifying a particular activity as fragmentation. The ambiguity in this matter is reinforced by the presence of generally ambiguous administrative and judicial practice. That is why the issue of procurement fragmentation remains relevant both for state and municipal customers and for regulatory authorities.
在确保国家和市政需求的领域中,最紧迫和最具争议的问题之一是公共采购的人为碎片化。客户进行分割是为了绕过采购领域立法规定的某些价格门槛,简化或加快程序,或获得物质利益。与此同时,关于采购分散问题的讨论是由于立法中没有巩固这一概念而引起的,这反过来又导致对将某一活动定性为分散的标准产生不同的意见。一般含糊不清的行政和司法实践加强了这一问题的模糊性。这就是为什么采购碎片化问题对州和市政客户以及监管机构都具有相关性。
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引用次数: 0
A reserve for upcoming vacation expenses in the medical organizations tax accounting 医疗机构税务会计中为即将到来的假期费用准备的准备金
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2310-03
O.V. Shinkareva
The article is devoted to the analysis in the tax accounting of medical organizations of the formation and use of the reserve of upcoming expenses for the payment of employee leave. It is noted that the formation of such reserves is the right, not the obligation of economic entities. The specifics of determining the amounts allocated to the reser and included in tax expenses are considered. It is noted that the formation of such reserves is the right, not the obligation of economic entities. The specifics of determining the amounts allocated to the reserve and included in tax expenses are considered. It is noted that they can relate to both direct and indirect costs, depending on the categories of employees of the company — directly related to the provision of the service or not. The specifics of considering such expenses in medical companies and institutions were noted — even the amounts of the reserve related to direct expenses can be fully related to the expenses of the period without distribution to the balances of work in progress — this is provided for by tax legislation for entities providing services. Details of provision expenditure and provision balance transfer for the next tax period are shown. We considered practical situations to determine the amounts of contributions to the reserve, as well as the transfer of the unused part of the reserve to the following periods.
本文对医疗机构税务会计中职工休假支付即将发生费用准备金的形成和使用进行了分析。值得注意的是,形成这种储备是经济实体的权利,而不是义务。确定分配给储备和包括在税务费用中的数额的具体问题将予以考虑。值得注意的是,形成这种储备是经济实体的权利,而不是义务。确定分配给准备金和包括在税务费用中的数额的具体问题也要加以考虑。值得注意的是,这些费用可能涉及直接和间接成本,这取决于公司雇员的类别- -是否与提供服务直接有关。有人指出了在医疗公司和机构中考虑这类费用的具体情况————甚至与直接费用有关的准备金数额也可以与当期费用完全相关,而不分配给进行中的工作余额————这是为提供服务的实体制定的税法所规定的。下一课税期的拨备开支及拨备余额转移详情如下。我们考虑了实际情况,以确定向储备金缴款的数额,以及将储备金未使用的部分转到以后的期间。
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引用次数: 0
The author’s view on the definition of the category “valuation” in accounting and reporting 对会计与报告中“估值”范畴的定义提出了自己的看法
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2310-01
E.S. Druzhilovskaya
Valuation is certainly the main content of modern accounting and reporting. At the same time, there is still no definition of this category in accounting standards. At the same time, various definitions of valuation are given in the scientific and educational literature. These definitions were critically analyzed by us in the previous article. In this article, we present our own view on the definition of the category “valuation” in accounting and reporting. During the research, such methods as analysis and synthesis, logical approach, systematic approach, comparison, grouping method, analogy method were used. As a result of the research, this paper presents a new view on the category of “valuation” in accounting and reporting, which meets the requirements of modern times. In addition, proposals are also made for amending accounting regulations. The results obtained in this article will be useful to a wide range of readers interested in various problems of Russian and foreign accounting and reporting, including the valuation of accounting objects and reporting elements. In addition, the results reflected in this paper can be used in the educational process of higher educational institutions and in the practical work of accounting departments. In addition, the results of our study can be used in the development and improvement of relevant domestic and foreign regulatory documents on accounting and reporting.
估值无疑是现代会计和报告的主要内容。与此同时,会计准则中仍未对这一类别作出定义。同时,在科学和教育文献中给出了各种各样的价值定义。我们在前一篇文章中对这些定义进行了批判性分析。在本文中,我们对会计和报告中“估值”类别的定义提出了自己的看法。在研究过程中,采用了分析综合法、逻辑法、系统法、比较法、分组法、类比法等方法。通过研究,本文对会计与报告中的“估值”范畴提出了一种新的认识,符合时代的要求。此外,还提出了修改会计制度的建议。本文获得的结果将对对俄罗斯和外国会计和报告的各种问题感兴趣的广泛读者有用,包括会计对象和报告要素的估值。此外,本文所反映的结果可用于高等院校的教育过程和会计部门的实际工作中。此外,本文的研究结果可用于国内外相关会计和报告监管文件的制定和完善。
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引用次数: 1
The composition of the procurement documentation provided for the tender 为招标提供的采购文件的组成
Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.33920/med-17-2310-05
A.R. Zhukov, E. I. Zatsarinnaya
The need to maintain the process of vital activity of structures of both the state and economic entities, the maintenance and development of internal processes requires the supply of products, the performance of works or the provision of services. Procurement activities of suppliers should be aimed at forming long-term relationships to ensure timely deliveries with impeccable quality at a reasonable price in order to meet the expectations of customers and end consumers. Only well-organized procurement activities will allow effective implementation of procurement procedures. The article discusses the main points concerning the formation of procurement documentation by a supplier participating in tenders.
需要维持国家和经济实体结构的重要活动过程,维护和发展内部过程,需要提供产品,履行工作或提供服务。供应商的采购活动应以形成长期的关系为目标,以确保及时交货,质量无可挑剔,价格合理,以满足客户和最终消费者的期望。只有组织良好的采购活动才能有效地执行采购程序。本文讨论了参与投标的供应商编制采购文件的要点。
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引用次数: 0
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