Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology最新文献_第3页

Fluoride-induced gut dysbiosis in metabolic disorders: Mechanisms and public health implications 代谢性疾病中氟诱导的肠道生态失调：机制和公共卫生意义

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127806

Sarasa Meenakshi , TV Amrutha , Md Abubakar , Ved Prakash , Nitesh Kumar , Krishna Murti

Aim

This review explores the effects of fluoride exposure and metabolic alterations linked to obesity and diabetes, and highlights preventive and therapeutic approaches to mitigate fluoride-driven metabolic risks.

Summary

While fluoride is beneficial to dental health, but excessive exposure disrupts gut microbiota composition, reducing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and impairing intestinal barrier integrity. These disruptions alter the oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. Evidence from animal and human studies suggest a dose-dependent pattern, with depletion of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium and enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbes. Such microbial imbalances influence bile acid metabolism. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and glucose regulation. This review discusses potential microbiome modulating strategies include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and glucose lowering agents such as metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists as possible therapeutic interventions to restore microbial balance and improve metabolic outcome However, the long-term and epigenetic effects of fluoride on intestinal and metabolic health remain unclear.

Conclusion

Since fluoride contaminates drinking water in areas with an endemic tendency, defluoridation, exposure monitoring, and public awareness are essential preventive strategies. Future mechanistic and clinical studies are necessary to elucidate the pathways linking fluoride metabolic disease progression.

目的本综述探讨了氟暴露和与肥胖和糖尿病相关的代谢改变的影响，并强调了减轻氟驱动代谢风险的预防和治疗方法。虽然氟化物对牙齿健康有益，但过量接触会破坏肠道微生物群的组成，减少短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的产生，损害肠道屏障的完整性。这些破坏改变了氧化应激、炎症和胰岛素抵抗。来自动物和人类研究的证据表明，这是一种剂量依赖模式，如乳酸杆菌和粪杆菌等有益细菌的消耗和促炎微生物的富集。这种微生物失衡影响胆汁酸代谢。脂多糖（LPS）易位和葡萄糖调节。本文讨论了潜在的微生物组调节策略，包括益生菌、益生元、合成菌、粪便微生物群移植（FMT）和降糖药物，如二甲双胍和GLP-1受体激动剂，作为可能的治疗干预措施，以恢复微生物平衡和改善代谢结果。然而，氟化物对肠道和代谢健康的长期和表观遗传影响尚不清楚。结论氟化物污染有流行趋势的地区的饮用水，除氟、监测暴露和提高公众意识是必要的预防策略。未来的机制和临床研究有必要阐明氟化物代谢性疾病进展的相关途径。

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引用次数: 0

Iron: A double-edged sword of female reproductive health 铁：女性生殖健康的双刃剑。

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127808

Rui Mao , Dan Yin , Wenbo Lv , Die Wang , Ying Ouyang , Cuilan Zhou , Jun Liu , Suyun Li , Yunhua Zhu , Ping Yu , Hongqing Liao , Cuiying Peng

Iron is an essential micronutrient element for human. It participates in energy metabolism, enzyme activation, immune system and other metabolic functions. In this review, the potential role of iron in female reproductive health were considered. The effects of iron on female reproduction in this review are divided into two aspects: the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload. Iron deficiency and iron overload can affect the health of pregnant women and their babies. It will be discussed from three aspects, namely pregnant woman's health, fetal development and placental function. During iron overload, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation can damage female germ cells and tissues. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death that distinguishes apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. It is dependent on iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It is currently a research hotspot. It has been shown that ferroptosis is associated with many female reproductive disease like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis (EMs), endometrial cancer (EC), ovarian cancer (OC) and premature ovarian failure (POF), which in turn to lead female infertility. However, the mechanism of this process is not fully understood. In this review, the occurrence mechanism of ferroptosis and the relationship between ferroptosis and these female reproductive disease will also be discussed. In a word, this review focuses on the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on female reproduction, and the purpose of this review is to provide a reference for treatment of female reproductive disease.

铁是人体必需的微量元素。它参与能量代谢、酶激活、免疫系统等代谢功能。本文就铁在女性生殖健康中的潜在作用进行综述。本文将铁对女性生殖的影响分为两个方面：铁缺乏和铁超载的影响。铁缺乏和铁超载会影响孕妇和婴儿的健康。本文将从孕妇健康、胎儿发育和胎盘功能三个方面进行探讨。在铁超载的过程中，活性氧（ROS）和脂质过氧化的增加会损害女性生殖细胞和组织。铁下垂是一种新的细胞死亡形式，区别于细胞凋亡、自噬和坏死。它依赖于铁超载和脂质过氧化。这是目前的研究热点。研究表明，铁下垂与多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）、子宫内膜异位症（EMs）、子宫内膜癌（EC）、卵巢癌（OC）和卵巢早衰（POF）等多种女性生殖疾病相关，进而导致女性不孕。然而，这一过程的机制尚不完全清楚。本文就铁下垂的发生机制及与这些女性生殖疾病的关系作一综述。综上所述，本文主要就铁缺乏和铁超载对女性生殖的影响进行综述，旨在为女性生殖疾病的治疗提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Association between serum chromium and nickel levels with metabolic markers and HOMA-β in overweight and obese adults 超重和肥胖成人血清铬和镍水平与代谢标志物和HOMA-β的关系

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127803

Jacqueline Soto-Sánchez , Gilberto Garza-Treviño , Andrea Arreguín-Coronado , Gonzalo Samuel Fuentes-Salazar , María Judith Rios-Lugo , Héctor Hernández-Mendoza

Background

Although chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) are involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis, their study in overweight or obese individuals without diagnosed metabolic diseases is limited.

Objective

The study aimed to analyze the association between serum Cr and Ni levels and metabolic profiles, insulin resistance (IR), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β%) in young adults with overweight and obesity.

Methods

A total of 159 adults aged 18–44 years were evaluated. Fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were used to calculate IR markers and HOMA-β%. Cr and Ni levels were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Results

Obesity was associated with a larger waist circumference (WC), a higher prevalence of IR (94.3 %), and lower insulin sensitivity. The observed hyperinsulinemia was accompanied by a compensatory β-cell response, with an HOMA-β > 175 in 89.7 % of the obese group. Serum Cr was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) in the overweight group and with FG in the obese group. Ni showed negative correlations with triglycerides (TG) and FG, in the overweight group, as well as positive associations with HOMA-β in the obese group.

Conclusion

Overweight and obesity in young Mexican adults are associated with IR, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and alterations in serum Cr and Ni levels.

虽然铬（Cr）和镍（Ni）参与葡萄糖和脂质稳态，但它们在没有诊断出代谢疾病的超重或肥胖个体中的研究有限。目的分析超重和肥胖青年患者血清Cr和Ni水平与代谢谱、胰岛素抵抗（IR）和β细胞功能稳态模型评估（HOMA-β%）之间的关系。方法对159例18 ~ 44岁成人进行评价。空腹血糖（FG）和空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平用于计算IR标志物和HOMA-β%。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定Cr和Ni水平。结果肥胖与较大的腰围（WC）、较高的IR患病率（94.3 %）和较低的胰岛素敏感性相关。观察到的高胰岛素血症伴随着代偿性β细胞反应，肥胖组89.7% %的HOMA-β >； 175。超重组血清Cr与总胆固醇（TC）呈正相关，肥胖组血清Cr与FG呈正相关。Ni在超重组与甘油三酯（TG）和FG呈负相关，在肥胖组与HOMA-β呈正相关。结论墨西哥年轻人的超重和肥胖与IR、代偿性高胰岛素血症以及血清Cr和Ni水平的改变有关。

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引用次数: 0

Establishing a baseline for environmental risk assessment: a systematic review of the disposal of mining tailings in the crossborder region Romania - Serbia 建立环境风险评估基线：系统审查罗马尼亚-塞尔维亚跨界地区采矿尾矿的处置情况

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127802

Nicoleta Sorina Nemeş , Daniel Kržanović , Miloš Stojanović , Adina Negrea , Petru Negrea , Călin Muntean

The cross-border region between Romania and Serbia has been deeply affected by decades of mining activities, resulting in significant environmental degradation and public health risks. By consolidating data from peer-reviewed studies, government reports, and environmental monitoring datasets, this systematic review and quantitative synthesis establish a critical basis for the environmental risk assessment from mining activities as a result of tailings storage in the Romania-Serbia cross-border area, with a focus on the Moldova Nouă (Romania) and Bor (Serbia) mining areas. Following PRISMA 2020 methodology, 22 studies were systematically identified and included in the quantitative synthesis. The review identifies the main routes of contamination, quantifies the levels of pollutants such as heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc, arsenic) and assesses the socio-economic impact, providing a framework for setting a baseline for future monitoring and remediation strategies. Statistical re-analysis of aggregated data indicated severe pollution for lead in Moldova Nouă (Geoaccumulation Index, Igeo = 4.32, "strong to extremely polluted") and significant arsenic contamination in Bor (Igeo ≈ 3.5). Copper showed moderate pollution (Igeo ≈ 2.4) in Moldova Nouă. The proposed baseline, adopted from Romanian national standards (Order 756/1997), includes soil metal concentration thresholds (Cu: 20 mg/kg d.w., Pb: 50 mg/kg d.w.), a Water Quality Index (WQI) below 50 (indicating good quality), and an occupational morbidity rate below 5 cases per 1000 workers. The results highlight the urgent need for bilateral cooperation to manage crossborder pollution and reduce occupational morbidity through integrated interventions.

罗马尼亚和塞尔维亚之间的跨界区域深受数十年采矿活动的影响，造成严重的环境退化和公共健康风险。通过整合来自同行评议研究、政府报告和环境监测数据集的数据，这一系统审查和定量综合为罗马尼亚-塞尔维亚跨境地区尾矿储存造成的采矿活动的环境风险评估奠定了重要基础，重点是摩尔多瓦努乌伊（罗马尼亚）和博尔（塞尔维亚）矿区。按照PRISMA 2020方法，系统地确定了22项研究并将其纳入定量综合。这项审查确定了污染的主要途径，量化了重金属（铜、铅、锌、砷）等污染物的水平，并评估了社会经济影响，为今后的监测和补救战略制定基线提供了一个框架。对汇总数据的统计重新分析表明，摩尔多瓦努伊努的铅污染严重（地质积累指数，Igeo = 4.32，“强到极度污染”），博尔的砷污染严重（Igeo≈3.5）。铜在摩尔多瓦地区表现为中度污染（Igeo≈2.4）。拟议的基线采用罗马尼亚国家标准（第756/1997号命令），包括土壤金属浓度阈值（Cu: 20 mg/kg d.w, Pb: 50 mg/kg d.w），水质指数（WQI）低于50（表明水质良好），职业发病率低于每1000名工人5例。研究结果表明，迫切需要双边合作，通过综合干预措施管理跨境污染，降低职业发病率。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of preeclampsia on mineral status in rats 子痫前期对大鼠体内矿物质状态的影响

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127801

Joanna Suliburska, Rafsan Cholik

This study aimed to assess the influence of preeclampsia on mineral homeostasis in a rat model of preeclampsia. Twelve-week-old female pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: healthy rats (CH, n = 6) and preeclamptic rats (CP, n = 6). The rat model of preeclampsia was induced by NG-nitro-Larginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME). Blood pressure (systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP)) was measured at 18 gestational days (GD) using a non-invasive blood pressure system CODA (Kent Scientific). At 19 GD final body mass was measured then rats were euthanised by decapitation and tissues and blood samples were collected. Body mass, relative tissue mass (% of body mass), fetus, and placenta mass were measured. Morphological and biochemical parameters were assayed in blood in the certified diagnostic laboratory. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) content in tissues were determined using flame atomic spectrometry (ZA 3000 Hitachi) after mineralization in a Microwave Digestion system (Mars 2™ System). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. The systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in preeclamptic rats compared to the healthy group. The relative mass of the liver was markedly lower in the CP group than in the CH group. The ratio between platelets and lymphocytes, and neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly higher in preeclamptic rats than in the control group. L-NAME treatment significantly increased Ca concentration in placenta and kidney and markedly decreased content of Cain liver. Mg content in kidney was significant higher and Cu concentration in fetus was significantly lower in CP than in CH group. The significant positive correlations were found between SBP and Ca content in placenta and kidney (respectively). The reverse correlations between Ca concentration in liver and SBP and between Cu content in fetus and SBP was observed. Correlations were found between the content of elements in tissues and morphological parameters reflecting inflammation and hypoxia. In conclusion, preeclampsia may disturb minerals content in maternal and fetal tissues in rats. Changes in mineral status in preeclampsia may be related to inflammation and hypoxia. It seems that Ca may play a role in regulating systolic blood pressure in preeclamptic rats.

本研究旨在评估子痫前期对子痫前期大鼠体内矿物质平衡的影响。将12周龄雌性妊娠大鼠分为健康大鼠（CH, n = 6）和子痫前期大鼠（CP, n = 6）两组。采用ng -硝基精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）诱导大鼠子痫前期模型。在妊娠第18天（GD）使用无创血压系统CODA （Kent Scientific）测量血压（收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP））。在19 GD时测定大鼠的最终体重，然后斩首安乐死，并收集组织和血液样本。测量体重、相对组织质量（占体重的百分比）、胎儿和胎盘质量。在经认证的诊断实验室检测血液的形态和生化参数。在微波消解系统（Mars 2™system）中矿化后，使用火焰原子光谱法（ZA 3000 Hitachi）测定组织中的钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）含量。使用GraphPad Prism进行统计分析。子痫前期大鼠的收缩压明显高于健康组。CP组肝脏相对质量明显低于CH组。子痫前期大鼠血小板与淋巴细胞之比、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞之比均显著高于对照组。L-NAME处理显著提高胎盘和肾脏Ca浓度，显著降低肝Ca含量。CP组肾脏Mg含量显著高于CH组，胎儿Cu浓度显著低于CH组。胎盘和肾脏钙含量与收缩压呈显著正相关。肝脏Ca浓度与收缩压呈负相关，胎儿Cu含量与收缩压呈负相关。组织中元素的含量与反映炎症和缺氧的形态学参数之间存在相关性。综上所述，子痫前期可能会干扰大鼠母体和胎儿组织中的矿物质含量。子痫前期矿物质状态的改变可能与炎症和缺氧有关。Ca可能在调节子痫前期大鼠的收缩压中起作用。

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引用次数: 0

Therapeutic effects of a new selenium-sorafenib nanocomplex in liver and tumor in a TAA-induced HCC model 一种新的硒-索拉非尼纳米复合物在taa诱导的肝细胞癌模型中的治疗作用

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127800

Elena G. Varlamova , Sergey V. Gudkov , Vladimir V. Rogachev , Egor A. Turovsky

Objective

The objective of this work was to develop and study the therapeutic properties of a nanocomplex based on selenium nanoparticles, an important microelement, and sorafenib, a known anticancer drug, on a model of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. This nanocomplex combines the anticancer activity of selenium and sorafenib, which significantly increases its effectiveness in the treatment of HCC

Methods

A nanocomplex of selenium and sorafenib (SeSo) was obtained by laser ablation. To test the physicochemical properties of the nanocomplex, absorption spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, fluorimetry and electron microscopy were used. In the course of the work, real-time PCR was used to screen the mRNA expression levels of more than 40 genes encoding key markers of various signaling cascades associated with HCC, separately in the liver and tumor. Western blotting was used to test the reliability of real-time PCR. To assess the tumor size and the liver size and weight of mice, morphometric and statistical analyses were used.

Results

Based on the results of a large-scale analysis of the expression of a large number of genes, the advantages of SeSo over the well-known drug sorafenib were revealed and the molecular mechanisms of its therapeutic effect were established.

Conclusions

SeSo is a multikinase inhibitor, which significantly inhibits tumor growth. SeSo differentially regulates anti-cancer processes in tumor tissue and simultaneously triggers regenerative therapeutic processes in the liver itself.

目的研究一种基于硒纳米粒子（一种重要的微量元素）和索拉非尼（一种已知的抗癌药物）的纳米复合物对小鼠肝细胞癌模型的治疗作用。该纳米复合物结合了硒和索拉非尼的抗癌活性，显著提高了其治疗hcc2的有效性。方法采用激光烧蚀法制备了硒和索拉非尼纳米复合物（SeSo）。采用吸收光谱法、动态光散射法、荧光光谱法和电子显微镜对纳米配合物的理化性质进行了表征。在工作过程中，采用real-time PCR技术分别在肝脏和肿瘤中筛选了与HCC相关的各种信号级联反应关键标记的40多个基因的mRNA表达水平。采用Western blotting检测实时PCR的可靠性。采用形态计量学和统计学方法对小鼠的肿瘤大小、肝脏大小和体重进行评价。结果基于大量基因表达的大规模分析结果，揭示了SeSo相对于知名药物索拉非尼的优势，并建立了其治疗作用的分子机制。结论sseso是一种多激酶抑制剂，对肿瘤生长有明显抑制作用。SeSo对肿瘤组织中的抗癌过程有不同的调控，同时也会触发肝脏本身的再生治疗过程。

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引用次数: 0

Alleviating stocking density stress in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through dietary nano-selenium: Effects on growth, antioxidant activity, and immune response 饲料中添加纳米硒缓解虹鳟幼鱼放养密度应激：对其生长、抗氧化活性和免疫反应的影响

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127798

Mashooq Ali , Aqsa Akram , Farid Ahmad Jan , Aziz Ahmad , Ashiq Hussain , Fahim Ullah Khan , Muhammad Arshad

Trout is a prized fish mostly cultured under high stocking densities (SD), which relates to many physiological challenges. The present study determines the significance of nano selenium (Se-N), while rearing Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under various SD. Healthy O. mykiss juvenile were randomly distributed in concrete raceways in a 4 × 5 factorial experimental design. Five experimental feeds (NS0, NS1, NS2, NS3, NS4) containing 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg Se-N per Kg were tested in four SDs (SD-L=168, SD-M=300, SD-H=433, SD-V=567 g/m³). Inference revealed significant effects of both SD and Se-N on growth (NWG), antioxidant activity and molecular regulation of myogenesis, and immunity. Our results show no significant effect of SD on growth at SD-L and SD-M, however at higher SD (SD-H and SD-V) Se-N role became prominent as significantly high NWG was observed in NS3 followed by NS2, NS4, NS1 and NS0, respectively. Lower cortisol in NS3 at higher SD might be the result of higher antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT, GPx), which seems to counter the chronic stress caused by SD. High SD also induced expression of immunity related genes (Lysozyme and IL-1β) especially in absence/lower inclusion of Se-N, while upregulated hsp70 expression. Finally, the dose dependent (Se-N) high expression of MyoD and gh, and a very slight effect on igf-1 justify the higher growth in NS3 by hyperplasia and not by hypertrophy. Our study suggests supplementation of 3 mg/kg Se-N in the diet of O. mykiss, especially in culture condition of high SD.

鳟鱼是一种在高放养密度（SD）条件下养殖的珍贵鱼类，这与许多生理挑战有关。本研究确定了纳米硒（Se-N）对虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）在不同SD下养殖的意义。采用4 × 5因子试验设计，随机分布在混凝土跑道上。在4个SDs （SD-L=168, SD-M=300, SD-H=433, SD-V=567 g/m3）中检测硒含量为0、1、2、3和4 mg / Kg的5种实验饲料（NS0、NS1、NS2、NS3、NS4）。结果表明，SD和Se-N对小鼠生长、抗氧化活性、肌肉生成和免疫的分子调控均有显著影响。结果表明，SD对SD- l和SD- m的生长无显著影响，但在较高的SD （SD- h和SD- v）下，Se-N的作用显著，NS3、NS2、NS4、NS1和NS0分别出现了显著的高NWG。高SD下NS3中皮质醇的降低可能是抗氧化活性（SOD， CAT, GPx）升高的结果，这似乎可以对抗SD引起的慢性应激。高SD还诱导免疫相关基因（溶菌酶和IL-1β）的表达，特别是在Se-N缺失或低包含的情况下，同时上调hsp70的表达。最后，剂量依赖性（Se-N） MyoD和gh的高表达，以及对igf-1的非常轻微的影响证明NS3是通过增生而不是肥大来实现更高的生长。本研究建议在高SD培养条件下，在饲料中添加3 mg/kg硒氮。

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引用次数: 0

Selenium status and supplementation in thyroid disorders: A narrative review of current evidence 硒的状态和补充在甲状腺疾病：当前证据的叙述性回顾

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127799

Ye Htut Linn , Sohail Aziz , Shiueh Lian Mok

Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone synthesis and antioxidant defence mechanisms. This narrative review comprehensively examines the current evidence on Se status and supplementation in various thyroid disorders. Numerous studies indicate that Se deficiency may contribute to the development and progression of thyroid diseases, particularly autoimmune conditions such as Graves’ disease (GD), Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). In GD and GO, Se supplementation, especially when combined with methimazole, has been shown to enhance hormone normalization and antioxidant capacity, although results vary across studies. In AIT and HT, consistent reductions in thyroid autoantibodies and inflammatory markers have been observed following Se supplementation, particularly with selenomethionine. However, the evidence remains inconsistent regarding Se’s impact on hypothyroidism, pregnancy-related thyroid dysfunction, goitre, and thyroid cancer. Supplementation of Se has been associated with improvements in quality of life in some thyroid disorders such as GD, GO and HT with subclinical hypothyroidism. While some studies suggest a potential protective or modulatory role, findings vary by geographic region, baseline Se status, and study designs. Excessive intake of Se may also carry risks of toxicity (selenosis) and should be approached with caution. In conclusion, Se supplementation offers potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in autoimmune thyroid diseases. However, further well-designed randomized-controlled trials are necessary to define the optimal form, dose, and duration of supplementation and to clarify its role across diverse thyroid conditions.

硒（Se）是人体必需的微量元素，在甲状腺激素合成和抗氧化防御机制中起着关键作用。这篇叙述性综述全面检查了目前关于硒状态和各种甲状腺疾病补充的证据。大量研究表明，硒缺乏可能促进甲状腺疾病的发生和进展，特别是自身免疫性疾病，如Graves病（GD）、Graves眼病（GO）和自身免疫性甲状腺炎（AIT），包括桥本甲状腺炎（HT）。在GD和GO中，硒补充剂，特别是与甲巯咪唑联合使用时，已被证明可以增强激素正常化和抗氧化能力，尽管不同研究的结果有所不同。在AIT和HT中，观察到硒补充后甲状腺自身抗体和炎症标志物的持续降低，特别是硒代蛋氨酸。然而，关于硒对甲状腺功能减退、妊娠相关性甲状腺功能障碍、甲状腺肿和甲状腺癌的影响，证据仍不一致。硒的补充与一些甲状腺疾病的生活质量的改善有关，如GD、GO和HT伴亚临床甲状腺功能减退。虽然一些研究表明潜在的保护或调节作用，但研究结果因地理区域、基线硒水平和研究设计而异。过量摄入硒也可能带来中毒风险（硒中毒），应谨慎处理。总之，硒补充剂具有潜在的治疗益处，特别是对自身免疫性甲状腺疾病。然而，需要进一步精心设计的随机对照试验来确定补充剂的最佳形式、剂量和持续时间，并阐明其在不同甲状腺疾病中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Response to Letter to the editor: Sex difference in the association between dietary iron intake and bone mineral density in adolescents aged 12–19: A cross-sectional study 对编辑的回复：12-19岁青少年膳食铁摄入量和骨密度之间关系的性别差异：一项横断面研究。

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127797

Keyi Li, Jun Han, Jinyu Zhu, Xiang Zhu, Yanfang Zhong, Zefeng Zhu

引用次数: 0

Genotoxic and oxidative stress assessment of heavy metal contaminated soil and water in human blood and bovine milk samples from the different industrial zones of Punjab, Pakistan 巴基斯坦旁遮普不同工业区人类血液和牛奶样本中重金属污染土壤和水的基因毒性和氧化应激评估

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127790

Muhammad Muddassir Ali , Furqan Awan , Muhammad Usman Jamil , Muhammad Ijaz , Asad Ullah , Wasim Shehzad

This study investigates the genotoxic effects and oxidative stress of heavy metal contaminated soil and water on human and bovine blood, as well as bovine milk samples, from industrial zones of Punjab, Pakistan. Samples were collected from Multan, Lahore, Gujranwala, Bahawalpur and Faisalabad and analyzed through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for heavy metal analysis. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni) were identified. The highest levels were found in district Faisalabad across water, soil, bovine, and human samples whereas, Gujranwala showed the lowest concentrations except for Pb and Cr in water and Hg in human plasma samples (P < 0.05). Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted that Faisalabad had the highest burden of Ni, Cu and Zn followed by Lahore with significantly higher levels of Pb and Cr. Among all districts, human and bovine blood and bovine milk samples displayed the highest amount of DNA damage via comet assay, while lowest levels were seen in these samples belonging to Bahawalpur (P < 0.05). Human and bovine blood samples from Faisalabad showed elevated Total Oxidant Status (TOS) along with reduced Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) (P < 0.05), whereas blood samples from Bahawalpur exhibited the lowest TOS and TAS levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, human and bovine blood samples from Faisalabad exhibited a significant upregulation of caspase-3 compared to other districts (P < 0.05). The study concluded that industrialization in Punjab results in significant heavy metal contamination, causing genotoxicity and oxidative stress in livestock and humans.

本研究调查了来自巴基斯坦旁遮普省工业区的重金属污染土壤和水对人类和牛血液以及牛奶样本的遗传毒性作用和氧化应激。在木尔坦、拉合尔、古吉兰瓦拉、巴哈瓦尔布尔和费萨拉巴德采集样品，采用原子吸收分光光度法进行重金属分析。重金属如铅（Pb）、铬（Cr）、砷（as）、锌（Zn）、镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）、钼（Mo）、铁（Fe）、汞（Hg）和镍（Ni）被鉴定出来。费萨拉巴德区在水、土壤、牛和人的样品中发现了最高的浓度，而古杰兰瓦拉区除了水中的铅和铬和人血浆样品中的汞外，其他浓度最低（P <； 0.05）。此外，主成分分析（PCA）强调，费萨拉巴德的Ni、Cu和Zn负担最重，其次是拉合尔，Pb和Cr水平显著高于拉合尔。在所有地区中，通过彗星测定，人类和牛的血液和牛奶样品显示出最高的DNA损伤量，而巴哈瓦尔普尔的这些样品中DNA损伤水平最低（P <； 0.05）。来自费萨拉巴德的人和牛血液样本显示总氧化状态（TOS）升高，总抗氧化状态（TAS）降低（P <； 0.05），而来自巴哈瓦尔普尔的血液样本显示最低的TOS和TAS水平（P <； 0.05）。此外，与其他地区相比，来自费萨拉巴德的人和牛血液样本显示caspase-3的显著上调（P <； 0.05）。该研究的结论是，旁遮普的工业化导致了严重的重金属污染，对牲畜和人类造成了遗传毒性和氧化应激。

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