Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127810
Guillemette Crépeaux , Jeremy R. Hammond , Jonathan B. Handley , Brian Hooker , Karl Jablonowski , Lluís Luján , James Lyons-Weiler , Marika Nosten-Bertrand , Christopher A. Shaw , Yehuda Shoenfeld , Lucija Tomljenovic , Christopher Exley
In July 2025, Andersson et al. reported in Annals of Internal Medicine that early-life exposure to Aluminium (Al)-adjuvanted vaccines was not associated with increased risk of 50 chronic diseases, based on a Danish cohort of 1.2 million children. While widely cited as reassuring evidence of Al-Based Adjuvant (ABA) safety, closer scrutiny reveals major methodological and conceptual flaws. Specifically, the study demonstrates limited understanding of Al toxicology, weaknesses in cohort design and statistical analysis, and insufficient transparency regarding potential conflicts of interest. We argue that these shortcomings prevent meaningful conclusions about ABA safety, particularly in relation to neurodevelopmental and autoimmune outcomes, and highlight the need for more rigorous, transparent, and scientifically grounded investigations.
2025年7月，Andersson等人在《内科学年鉴》（Annals of Internal Medicine）上报道，基于丹麦120万儿童队列研究，早期接触铝（Al）佐剂疫苗与50种慢性疾病的风险增加无关。虽然被广泛引用为al基佐剂（ABA）安全性的可靠证据，但更仔细的审查揭示了主要的方法和概念缺陷。具体而言，该研究表明对Al毒理学的了解有限，队列设计和统计分析存在弱点，潜在利益冲突的透明度不足。我们认为，这些缺陷阻碍了对ABA安全性的有意义的结论，特别是与神经发育和自身免疫结果相关的结论，并强调需要更严格、透明和有科学依据的调查。
{"title":"Aluminium adjuvants and childhood health: a call for science","authors":"Guillemette Crépeaux , Jeremy R. Hammond , Jonathan B. Handley , Brian Hooker , Karl Jablonowski , Lluís Luján , James Lyons-Weiler , Marika Nosten-Bertrand , Christopher A. Shaw , Yehuda Shoenfeld , Lucija Tomljenovic , Christopher Exley","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In July 2025, Andersson et al. reported in Annals of Internal Medicine that early-life exposure to Aluminium (Al)-adjuvanted vaccines was not associated with increased risk of 50 chronic diseases, based on a Danish cohort of 1.2 million children. While widely cited as reassuring evidence of Al-Based Adjuvant (ABA) safety, closer scrutiny reveals major methodological and conceptual flaws. Specifically, the study demonstrates limited understanding of Al toxicology, weaknesses in cohort design and statistical analysis, and insufficient transparency regarding potential conflicts of interest. We argue that these shortcomings prevent meaningful conclusions about ABA safety, particularly in relation to neurodevelopmental and autoimmune outcomes, and highlight the need for more rigorous, transparent, and scientifically grounded investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145867121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127813
Rubina Hayat , Syed Zakir Hussain Shah , Mahroze Fatima , Wazir Ali , Areej Farooq
Trace elements are important for improving the productivity and health of aquatic animals. Manganese (Mn) is a micronutrient that supports various physiological functions. It plays a key role in enzyme production, hormone formation, the immune response, reproductive processes, metabolic activity and antioxidant functions. Some aquafeed ingredients naturally provide Mn to meet the requirements of aquatic animals, but supplementation may be necessary for optimal growth. However, both excess and deficiency of Mn can disrupt metabolic functions and overall health. This review evaluates the role of Mn supplementation in the feed of fishes and crustaceans in improving growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant defense, tissue accumulation, proximate composition and enzyme activity.
{"title":"Manganese supplementation in aquafeed: Current knowledge, research gaps, and future prospects for growth and health optimization","authors":"Rubina Hayat , Syed Zakir Hussain Shah , Mahroze Fatima , Wazir Ali , Areej Farooq","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trace elements are important for improving the productivity and health of aquatic animals. Manganese (Mn) is a micronutrient that supports various physiological functions. It plays a key role in enzyme production, hormone formation, the immune response, reproductive processes, metabolic activity and antioxidant functions. Some aquafeed ingredients naturally provide Mn to meet the requirements of aquatic animals, but supplementation may be necessary for optimal growth. However, both excess and deficiency of Mn can disrupt metabolic functions and overall health. This review evaluates the role of Mn supplementation in the feed of fishes and crustaceans in improving growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant defense, tissue accumulation, proximate composition and enzyme activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127814
Javed Ahmed Ujan , Madeeha Arshad , Fariha Latif , Abdur Rahim , Saira Naz , Mohamed Mohany , Salim S. Al-Rejaie
Metal pollution poses a significant ecological and public health concern due to its persistence, non-biodegradability, and potential for biomagnification through aquatic food webs. This study investigated the influence of feeding zones and seasonal variations on metal bioaccumulation in six fish species (Sperata seenghala, Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Catla catla, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), collected seasonally (December 2023-November 2024) from the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River, Pakistan, using different nets. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Hg were analyzed in fish muscle, water, and sediment using ICP-MS and CV-AAS. Statistical analyses, including two-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were used to evaluate the effects of season and feeding zone on metal accumulation patterns. Results revealed that the bottom feeders accumulated significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr than column and surface feeders, reflecting greater sediment exposure. Concentrations of Pb and Cd exceeded the WHO/FAO permissible limits in all seasons across different feeding zones, while Cr levels were higher during winter, spring, and autumn in bottom-feeding species. Seasonal variations were also significant (p < 0.05), with metal levels in fish peaking during winter and autumn and declining in summer. In contrast, water and sediment exhibited the highest metal concentrations during summer, likely due to low flow and higher metal retention in fish during colder months. PCA revealed apparent seasonal clustering between biotic and abiotic compartments. Bioconcentration factors were highest for Hg and Cr, particularly in bottom feeders during summer. Health risk assessment showed Hazard Index (HI) > 1 in winter and autumn for several species (mainly due to Hg, Pb, and Cd), with children at highest risk. The findings revealed that both feeding habits and seasonal conditions regulate metal accumulation in fish, necessitating ongoing monitoring and mitigation strategies for consumer safety.
{"title":"Influence of feeding zones and seasonal dynamics on metal bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment in riverine fish","authors":"Javed Ahmed Ujan , Madeeha Arshad , Fariha Latif , Abdur Rahim , Saira Naz , Mohamed Mohany , Salim S. Al-Rejaie","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal pollution poses a significant ecological and public health concern due to its persistence, non-biodegradability, and potential for biomagnification through aquatic food webs. This study investigated the influence of feeding zones and seasonal variations on metal bioaccumulation in six fish species (<em>Sperata seenghala</em>, <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>, <em>Labeo rohita</em>, <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</em>, <em>Catla catla</em>, and <em>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</em>), collected seasonally (December 2023-November 2024) from the Jinnah Barrage on the Indus River, Pakistan, using different nets. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Hg were analyzed in fish muscle, water, and sediment using ICP-MS and CV-AAS. Statistical analyses, including two-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were used to evaluate the effects of season and feeding zone on metal accumulation patterns. Results revealed that the bottom feeders accumulated significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr than column and surface feeders, reflecting greater sediment exposure. Concentrations of Pb and Cd exceeded the WHO/FAO permissible limits in all seasons across different feeding zones, while Cr levels were higher during winter, spring, and autumn in bottom-feeding species. Seasonal variations were also significant (p < 0.05), with metal levels in fish peaking during winter and autumn and declining in summer. In contrast, water and sediment exhibited the highest metal concentrations during summer, likely due to low flow and higher metal retention in fish during colder months. PCA revealed apparent seasonal clustering between biotic and abiotic compartments. Bioconcentration factors were highest for Hg and Cr, particularly in bottom feeders during summer. Health risk assessment showed Hazard Index (HI) > 1 in winter and autumn for several species (mainly due to Hg, Pb, and Cd), with children at highest risk. The findings revealed that both feeding habits and seasonal conditions regulate metal accumulation in fish, necessitating ongoing monitoring and mitigation strategies for consumer safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thallium accumulation in insects, which is relevant to both environmental and forensic toxicology, is poorly understood. Thallium toxicity is related to its chemical speciation. Objective: Study of thallium bioaccumulation by the green bottle fly Lucilia sericata exposed to different thallium compounds (TlCH3COO and Tl(CH3COO)3) and doses. Method: The content of thallium, potassium, and sodium in feeding substrate, larvae, puparial cases, and adult flies was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of Tl(I) remained stable across doses (0.28–0.30 for larvae, 0.10–0.13 for adults and 0.4–0.5 for puparial cases), while BAFs of Tl(III) decreased with increasing dose from 0.38 to 0.27 in larvae and from 0.15 to 0.07 in adults but increased with increasing dose from 0.5 to 0.8 in puparial cases. The 46–49 % of Tl(I) and 50–94 % of Tl(III) accumulated in larvae were eliminated by deposition in puparial cases. Larval weight and mortality were unaffected by the presence of Tl(I) or Tl(III) in the feeding substrate at the doses tested. Conclusion: Thallium accumulation in the life stages of L. sericata depends on its chemical form (Tl(I) and Tl(III)) and content in the insect diet. Its main elimination route is the deposition in puparial cases. Potassium naturally present in the feed may mitigate Tl toxicity to the larvae. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of L. sericata as a reliable model organism for monitoring environmental thallium pollution and thallium poisoning in forensic entomotoxicological investigations.
{"title":"Thallium accumulation and transfer through developmental stages of the common green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata, exposed to Tl(I) and Tl(III) species","authors":"Julita Malejko , Krzysztof Deoniziak , Kinga Sulej , Justyna Adamska , Beata Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Thallium accumulation in insects, which is relevant to both environmental and forensic toxicology, is poorly understood. Thallium toxicity is related to its chemical speciation. <em>Objective:</em> Study of thallium bioaccumulation by the green bottle fly <em>Lucilia sericata</em> exposed to different thallium compounds (TlCH<sub>3</sub>COO and Tl(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>3</sub>) and doses. <em>Method:</em> The content of thallium, potassium, and sodium in feeding substrate, larvae, puparial cases, and adult flies was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). <em>Results:</em> The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of Tl(I) remained stable across doses (0.28–0.30 for larvae, 0.10–0.13 for adults and 0.4–0.5 for puparial cases), while BAFs of Tl(III) decreased with increasing dose from 0.38 to 0.27 in larvae and from 0.15 to 0.07 in adults but increased with increasing dose from 0.5 to 0.8 in puparial cases. The 46–49 % of Tl(I) and 50–94 % of Tl(III) accumulated in larvae were eliminated by deposition in puparial cases. Larval weight and mortality were unaffected by the presence of Tl(I) or Tl(III) in the feeding substrate at the doses tested. <em>Conclusion:</em> Thallium accumulation in the life stages of <em>L. sericata</em> depends on its chemical form (Tl(I) and Tl(III)) and content in the insect diet. Its main elimination route is the deposition in puparial cases. Potassium naturally present in the feed may mitigate Tl toxicity to the larvae. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of <em>L. sericata</em> as a reliable model organism for monitoring environmental thallium pollution and thallium poisoning in forensic entomotoxicological investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127812"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145867090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127811
Luísa Zagalo , Luísa L. Gonçalves , Carlos Zagalo , Maria João Oliveira , Pedro Oliveira , José A.A. Brito
This study explores the feasibility of Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) to distinguish between healthy and carcinoma tongue tissues based on elemental concentration profiles. The concentrations of six chemical elements (phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, iron, zinc and copper) were determined in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from both tumour regions and histologically validated healthy margins in 31 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Mean concentrations for every sample were calculated from three replicate measurements and analysed using discriminant analysis and mixed linear models. Although the discriminant model lacked statistical relevance, the structural matrix suggested iron, copper and zinc contributed the most to the differentiation between tissue types. These elements were subsequently investigated further by using mixed linear models, which confirmed they had significantly reduced concentrations in carcinoma tissues (p < 0.001), having maintained significant results after Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, a decreased iron concentration in carcinoma tissue of patients who reported frequent alcohol consumption was observed (p = 0.003), while tobacco use showed no significant effect on the element’s concentrations. Although exploratory, our results show changes in specific elemental concentrations, something that may help define oral cancer and support the incorporation of X-ray fluorescence into complementary diagnostic means.
{"title":"X-ray fluorescence analysis of elemental concentrations in human tongue tissues: Distinguishing healthy from carcinoma profiles","authors":"Luísa Zagalo , Luísa L. Gonçalves , Carlos Zagalo , Maria João Oliveira , Pedro Oliveira , José A.A. Brito","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the feasibility of Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) to distinguish between healthy and carcinoma tongue tissues based on elemental concentration profiles. The concentrations of six chemical elements (phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, iron, zinc and copper) were determined in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from both tumour regions and histologically validated healthy margins in 31 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Mean concentrations for every sample were calculated from three replicate measurements and analysed using discriminant analysis and mixed linear models. Although the discriminant model lacked statistical relevance, the structural matrix suggested iron, copper and zinc contributed the most to the differentiation between tissue types. These elements were subsequently investigated further by using mixed linear models, which confirmed they had significantly reduced concentrations in carcinoma tissues (p < 0.001), having maintained significant results after Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, a decreased iron concentration in carcinoma tissue of patients who reported frequent alcohol consumption was observed (p = 0.003), while tobacco use showed no significant effect on the element’s concentrations. Although exploratory, our results show changes in specific elemental concentrations, something that may help define oral cancer and support the incorporation of X-ray fluorescence into complementary diagnostic means.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127809
Elif AYDIN , Melda BOLAT , Meliha KOLDEMIR GUNDUZ , Dursun Ali KOSE
In this study, the cytotoxic and antimycobacterial effects of two newly synthesized boron-based compounds, boron phenylalanine monoester (BPM) and boron phenylalanine diester (BPD), were investigated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. MTT assays revealed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity, with IC₅₀ values of 1.5 mM for BPM and 1.16 mM for BPD, indicating greater potency of BPD at lower concentrations. To contextualize potency, we report MICs in both mM and µg/mL. While the current MICs are higher than typical literature benchmarks for front-line comparators, these chemotypes provide a starting point for optimization. Gene expression analysis after 48-hour treatment showed significant upregulation of TNF-α, p53, and Bax, and downregulation of IL-6 and Bcl-2 (p < 0.05). The increase in TNF-α expression (p = 0.0159 for BPM; p = 0.0095 for BPD) suggests immune pathway activation, while the rise in p53 levels supports apoptotic induction. In antimicrobial assays, BPD demonstrated superior efficacy with a MIC value of 25 mM, compared to 50 mM for BPM. Collectively, these findings indicate that BPM and especially BPD show preliminary activity that warrants further optimization for dual anticancer and antimycobacterial applications.
本研究研究了两种新合成的硼基化合物硼苯丙氨酸单酯（BPM）和硼苯丙氨酸二酯（BPD）对人肺腺癌细胞（A549）和结核分枝杆菌H37Rv株的细胞毒和抑菌作用。MTT试验显示了剂量依赖性的抗增殖活性，BPM的IC₅0值为1.5 mM， BPD的IC₅0值为1.16 mM，表明BPD在较低浓度下的效力更大。为了将效力背景化，我们报告了mic单位为mM和µg/mL。虽然目前的mic高于一线比较器的典型文献基准，但这些化学型为优化提供了起点。治疗48小时后基因表达分析显示，TNF-α、p53、Bax表达上调，IL-6、Bcl-2表达下调（p <； 0.05）。TNF-α表达升高（BPM p = 0.0159;BPD p = 0.0095）提示免疫通路激活，而p53水平升高支持诱导凋亡。在抗菌试验中，BPD表现出更好的功效，MIC值为25 mM，而BPM为50 mM。总的来说，这些发现表明BPM，特别是BPD显示出初步的活性，值得进一步优化双重抗癌和抗细菌应用。
{"title":"Therapeutic effects of newly synthesized boron compounds (BPM and BPD) on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and A549 cells","authors":"Elif AYDIN , Melda BOLAT , Meliha KOLDEMIR GUNDUZ , Dursun Ali KOSE","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the cytotoxic and antimycobacterial effects of two newly synthesized boron-based compounds, boron phenylalanine monoester (BPM) and boron phenylalanine diester (BPD), were investigated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> H37Rv strain. MTT assays revealed dose-dependent antiproliferative activity, with IC₅₀ values of 1.5 mM for BPM and 1.16 mM for BPD, indicating greater potency of BPD at lower concentrations. To contextualize potency, we report MICs in both mM and µg/mL. While the current MICs are higher than typical literature benchmarks for front-line comparators, these chemotypes provide a starting point for optimization. Gene expression analysis after 48-hour treatment showed significant upregulation of TNF-α, p53, and Bax, and downregulation of IL-6 and Bcl-2 (p < 0.05). The increase in TNF-α expression (p = 0.0159 for BPM; p = 0.0095 for BPD) suggests immune pathway activation, while the rise in p53 levels supports apoptotic induction. In antimicrobial assays, BPD demonstrated superior efficacy with a MIC value of 25 mM, compared to 50 mM for BPM. Collectively, these findings indicate that BPM and especially BPD show preliminary activity that warrants further optimization for dual anticancer and antimycobacterial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manganese (Mn), an essential trace metal, has been identified as a potential contributor to neurotoxicity when misregulated, with implications for cognitive decline and motor dysfunctions. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a devastating neurological condition that causes increasing cognitive, behavioral, and linguistic deficits in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. The specific mechanisms behind FTD remain unknown. This study investigates Mn-induced neurotoxicity as it affects frontotemporal cortex of BALB/c mice as a model for FTD.
Methods
BALB/c mice were given varying doses of Mn—low (50 mg/kg body weight), medium (100 mg/kg), and high (200 mg/kg)—for eight weeks, while the control group received distilled water. The Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT) and the Open Field Test (OFT) were used to test cognitive abilities. Brain tissue was examined for oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, SOD, CAT, NO), neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, ACh), AChE, inflammatory and apoptotic markers (IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3), Mn concentration, and histopathological alterations (H and E, Bielschowsky, and Golgi staining).
Results
Mn exposure, specifically to the medium and high doses, significantly impairs cognition and memory function, resulting in decreased locomotion and increased freezing time in the OFT and increased escape latency in the MWMT. Oxidative stress markers showed increased MDA and NO levels but decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT. Neurotransmitter dysfunction was obvious, with increased glutamate and AChE activity and decreased GABA and ACh levels. Mn increased IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 levels, and histology showed neuronal vacuolation, neurofibrils, and axonal/dendritic injury, especially in medium- and high-dose groups.
Conclusion
Mn exposure induces oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the frontotemporal cortex, contributing to FTD pathogenesis.
{"title":"Manganese-induced neurotoxicity and its role in frontotemporal dementia: Insights from the frontotemporal cortex of BALB/c mice","authors":"Olumayowa Kolawole Idowu , Grace Ayobami Fajemidagba , Ileje Inelo Ukwubile , Damilare Adedayo Adekomi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Manganese (Mn), an essential trace metal, has been identified as a potential contributor to neurotoxicity when misregulated, with implications for cognitive decline and motor dysfunctions. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a devastating neurological condition that causes increasing cognitive, behavioral, and linguistic deficits in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. The specific mechanisms behind FTD remain unknown. This study investigates Mn-induced neurotoxicity as it affects frontotemporal cortex of BALB/c mice as a model for FTD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>BALB/c mice were given varying doses of Mn—low (50 mg/kg body weight), medium (100 mg/kg), and high (200 mg/kg)—for eight weeks, while the control group received distilled water. The Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT) and the Open Field Test (OFT) were used to test cognitive abilities. Brain tissue was examined for oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, SOD, CAT, NO), neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, ACh), AChE, inflammatory and apoptotic markers (IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-3), Mn concentration, and histopathological alterations (H and E, Bielschowsky, and Golgi staining).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mn exposure, specifically to the medium and high doses, significantly impairs cognition and memory function, resulting in decreased locomotion and increased freezing time in the OFT and increased escape latency in the MWMT. Oxidative stress markers showed increased MDA and NO levels but decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT. Neurotransmitter dysfunction was obvious, with increased glutamate and AChE activity and decreased GABA and ACh levels. Mn increased IL-6, TNF-α, and caspase-3 levels, and histology showed neuronal vacuolation, neurofibrils, and axonal/dendritic injury, especially in medium- and high-dose groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mn exposure induces oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the frontotemporal cortex, contributing to FTD pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145784229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127806
Sarasa Meenakshi , TV Amrutha , Md Abubakar , Ved Prakash , Nitesh Kumar , Krishna Murti
Aim
This review explores the effects of fluoride exposure and metabolic alterations linked to obesity and diabetes, and highlights preventive and therapeutic approaches to mitigate fluoride-driven metabolic risks.
Summary
While fluoride is beneficial to dental health, but excessive exposure disrupts gut microbiota composition, reducing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and impairing intestinal barrier integrity. These disruptions alter the oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. Evidence from animal and human studies suggest a dose-dependent pattern, with depletion of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium and enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbes. Such microbial imbalances influence bile acid metabolism. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and glucose regulation. This review discusses potential microbiome modulating strategies include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and glucose lowering agents such as metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists as possible therapeutic interventions to restore microbial balance and improve metabolic outcome However, the long-term and epigenetic effects of fluoride on intestinal and metabolic health remain unclear.
Conclusion
Since fluoride contaminates drinking water in areas with an endemic tendency, defluoridation, exposure monitoring, and public awareness are essential preventive strategies. Future mechanistic and clinical studies are necessary to elucidate the pathways linking fluoride metabolic disease progression.
{"title":"Fluoride-induced gut dysbiosis in metabolic disorders: Mechanisms and public health implications","authors":"Sarasa Meenakshi , TV Amrutha , Md Abubakar , Ved Prakash , Nitesh Kumar , Krishna Murti","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This review explores the effects of fluoride exposure and metabolic alterations linked to obesity and diabetes, and highlights preventive and therapeutic approaches to mitigate fluoride-driven metabolic risks.</div></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><div>While fluoride is beneficial to dental health, but excessive exposure disrupts gut microbiota composition, reducing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and impairing intestinal barrier integrity. These disruptions alter the oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance. Evidence from animal and human studies suggest a dose-dependent pattern, with depletion of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium and enrichment of pro-inflammatory microbes. Such microbial imbalances influence bile acid metabolism. lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and glucose regulation. This review discusses potential microbiome modulating strategies include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and glucose lowering agents such as metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists as possible therapeutic interventions to restore microbial balance and improve metabolic outcome However, the long-term and epigenetic effects of fluoride on intestinal and metabolic health remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Since fluoride contaminates drinking water in areas with an endemic tendency, defluoridation, exposure monitoring, and public awareness are essential preventive strategies. Future mechanistic and clinical studies are necessary to elucidate the pathways linking fluoride metabolic disease progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127808
Rui Mao , Dan Yin , Wenbo Lv , Die Wang , Ying Ouyang , Cuilan Zhou , Jun Liu , Suyun Li , Yunhua Zhu , Ping Yu , Hongqing Liao , Cuiying Peng
Iron is an essential micronutrient element for human. It participates in energy metabolism, enzyme activation, immune system and other metabolic functions. In this review, the potential role of iron in female reproductive health were considered. The effects of iron on female reproduction in this review are divided into two aspects: the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload. Iron deficiency and iron overload can affect the health of pregnant women and their babies. It will be discussed from three aspects, namely pregnant woman's health, fetal development and placental function. During iron overload, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation can damage female germ cells and tissues. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death that distinguishes apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. It is dependent on iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It is currently a research hotspot. It has been shown that ferroptosis is associated with many female reproductive disease like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis (EMs), endometrial cancer (EC), ovarian cancer (OC) and premature ovarian failure (POF), which in turn to lead female infertility. However, the mechanism of this process is not fully understood. In this review, the occurrence mechanism of ferroptosis and the relationship between ferroptosis and these female reproductive disease will also be discussed. In a word, this review focuses on the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on female reproduction, and the purpose of this review is to provide a reference for treatment of female reproductive disease.
{"title":"Iron: A double-edged sword of female reproductive health","authors":"Rui Mao , Dan Yin , Wenbo Lv , Die Wang , Ying Ouyang , Cuilan Zhou , Jun Liu , Suyun Li , Yunhua Zhu , Ping Yu , Hongqing Liao , Cuiying Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron is an essential micronutrient element for human. It participates in energy metabolism, enzyme activation, immune system and other metabolic functions. In this review, the potential role of iron in female reproductive health were considered. The effects of iron on female reproduction in this review are divided into two aspects: the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload. Iron deficiency and iron overload can affect the health of pregnant women and their babies. It will be discussed from three aspects, namely pregnant woman's health, fetal development and placental function. During iron overload, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation can damage female germ cells and tissues. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death that distinguishes apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. It is dependent on iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It is currently a research hotspot. It has been shown that ferroptosis is associated with many female reproductive disease like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis (EMs), endometrial cancer (EC), ovarian cancer (OC) and premature ovarian failure (POF), which in turn to lead female infertility. However, the mechanism of this process is not fully understood. In this review, the occurrence mechanism of ferroptosis and the relationship between ferroptosis and these female reproductive disease will also be discussed. In a word, this review focuses on the effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on female reproduction, and the purpose of this review is to provide a reference for treatment of female reproductive disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127803
Jacqueline Soto-Sánchez , Gilberto Garza-Treviño , Andrea Arreguín-Coronado , Gonzalo Samuel Fuentes-Salazar , María Judith Rios-Lugo , Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
Background
Although chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) are involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis, their study in overweight or obese individuals without diagnosed metabolic diseases is limited.
Objective
The study aimed to analyze the association between serum Cr and Ni levels and metabolic profiles, insulin resistance (IR), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β%) in young adults with overweight and obesity.
Methods
A total of 159 adults aged 18–44 years were evaluated. Fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were used to calculate IR markers and HOMA-β%. Cr and Ni levels were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Results
Obesity was associated with a larger waist circumference (WC), a higher prevalence of IR (94.3 %), and lower insulin sensitivity. The observed hyperinsulinemia was accompanied by a compensatory β-cell response, with an HOMA-β > 175 in 89.7 % of the obese group. Serum Cr was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) in the overweight group and with FG in the obese group. Ni showed negative correlations with triglycerides (TG) and FG, in the overweight group, as well as positive associations with HOMA-β in the obese group.
Conclusion
Overweight and obesity in young Mexican adults are associated with IR, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and alterations in serum Cr and Ni levels.
{"title":"Association between serum chromium and nickel levels with metabolic markers and HOMA-β in overweight and obese adults","authors":"Jacqueline Soto-Sánchez , Gilberto Garza-Treviño , Andrea Arreguín-Coronado , Gonzalo Samuel Fuentes-Salazar , María Judith Rios-Lugo , Héctor Hernández-Mendoza","doi":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) are involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis, their study in overweight or obese individuals without diagnosed metabolic diseases is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aimed to analyze the association between serum Cr and Ni levels and metabolic profiles, insulin resistance (IR), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β%) in young adults with overweight and obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 159 adults aged 18–44 years were evaluated. Fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were used to calculate IR markers and HOMA-β%. Cr and Ni levels were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Obesity was associated with a larger waist circumference (WC), a higher prevalence of IR (94.3 %), and lower insulin sensitivity. The observed hyperinsulinemia was accompanied by a compensatory β-cell response, with an HOMA-β > 175 in 89.7 % of the obese group. Serum Cr was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) in the overweight group and with FG in the obese group. Ni showed negative correlations with triglycerides (TG) and FG, in the overweight group, as well as positive associations with HOMA-β in the obese group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overweight and obesity in young Mexican adults are associated with IR, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and alterations in serum Cr and Ni levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49970,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 127803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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