HOWARD, L.F AND T.D. LEE. (Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824). Upland old-field succession in southeastern New Hampshire. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 60-76. 2002.A 22-site chronosequence was used to study old-field successional communities in Transition Hardwood forests of Durham, NH. Sites ranged from recently abandoned fields to hemlock forests greater than 200 years old. Trees, shrubs, and herbs were sampled in nested quadrats, and importance values were calculated. Increment borings were used to determine site ages. Five woody community types were identified using cluster analysis and ordination: 1) Gray Dogwood and 2) Juniper-Blackberry-Sweetfern (both early-successional, 14-23 years since abandonment), 3) White Pine and 4) Oak-Viburnum (both mid-successional, 50-150 years since abandonment), and 5) Hemlock (late-successional, 100-200+years since abandonment). Six herb stratum associations were found: 1) Kentucky Bluegrass and 2) Goldenrod-Dewberry-Buckthorn (both early-successional), and 3) Pennsylvania Sedge, 4) Wild Sarsaparilla, 5) Canada Mayflower, and 6) Canada Yew (all mid-late successional). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) declined exponentially over the 200-year chronosequence, and the temporal importance of woody species in the understory was associated with particular forest floor light levels. Actual succession at individual sites with similar soils may also be modified by previous land-use history, differential seed availability, and post-agricultural disturbance.
{"title":"Upland old-field succession in southeastern New Hampshire1","authors":"Lauren F. Howard, Thomas D. Lee","doi":"10.2307/3088683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088683","url":null,"abstract":"HOWARD, L.F AND T.D. LEE. (Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824). Upland old-field succession in southeastern New Hampshire. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 60-76. 2002.A 22-site chronosequence was used to study old-field successional communities in Transition Hardwood forests of Durham, NH. Sites ranged from recently abandoned fields to hemlock forests greater than 200 years old. Trees, shrubs, and herbs were sampled in nested quadrats, and importance values were calculated. Increment borings were used to determine site ages. Five woody community types were identified using cluster analysis and ordination: 1) Gray Dogwood and 2) Juniper-Blackberry-Sweetfern (both early-successional, 14-23 years since abandonment), 3) White Pine and 4) Oak-Viburnum (both mid-successional, 50-150 years since abandonment), and 5) Hemlock (late-successional, 100-200+years since abandonment). Six herb stratum associations were found: 1) Kentucky Bluegrass and 2) Goldenrod-Dewberry-Buckthorn (both early-successional), and 3) Pennsylvania Sedge, 4) Wild Sarsaparilla, 5) Canada Mayflower, and 6) Canada Yew (all mid-late successional). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) declined exponentially over the 200-year chronosequence, and the temporal importance of woody species in the understory was associated with particular forest floor light levels. Actual succession at individual sites with similar soils may also be modified by previous land-use history, differential seed availability, and post-agricultural disturbance.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Taylor, M. N. Solem, M. N. Solem, Caribou Wilderness
fir forests experienced more high severity (38-75%) fire than other forest types (13-25%). Fire rotation varied by time period, and was shortest in the pre Euro-American period (76 yr), longer in the settlement period (177 yr), and longest in the fire suppression (577 yr) period. The average extent of a fire was small (150 ha). Lodgepole pine-red fir, white fir-Jeffrey pine, and red fir-white fir forests are changing in composition but lodgepole pine and red fir-western white pine forests are compositionally stable. Recurring fire in the presettlement period maintained fire-dependent pines but fire suppression is now causing shifts in species composition and changes in landscape scale vegetation patterns similar to those in lower montane forests.
{"title":"Fire regimes and stand dynamics in an upper montane forest landscape in the southern Cascades, Caribou Wilderness, California1","authors":"A. Taylor, M. N. Solem, M. N. Solem, Caribou Wilderness","doi":"10.2307/3088667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088667","url":null,"abstract":"fir forests experienced more high severity (38-75%) fire than other forest types (13-25%). Fire rotation varied by time period, and was shortest in the pre Euro-American period (76 yr), longer in the settlement period (177 yr), and longest in the fire suppression (577 yr) period. The average extent of a fire was small (150 ha). Lodgepole pine-red fir, white fir-Jeffrey pine, and red fir-white fir forests are changing in composition but lodgepole pine and red fir-western white pine forests are compositionally stable. Recurring fire in the presettlement period maintained fire-dependent pines but fire suppression is now causing shifts in species composition and changes in landscape scale vegetation patterns similar to those in lower montane forests.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088667","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68728963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
REBERTUS, ALAN J. AND ALBERT J. MEIER (School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211) Blowdown Dynamics in Oak-Hickory Forests of the Missouri Ozarks. J Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:362369. 2001.-Several studies in the literature have relied on public land survey (PLS) notes from the 1800's to reconstruct historical blowdown rates in eastern deciduous-conifer forests, but assessment of contemporary blowdown regimes in the region has not received much attention. We used an approach similar to the PLS method, and sampled 105 km of transect to determine whether oak (Quercus) dieback led to extensive secondary blowdown of patches 2500 m2 in 50to 100-year-old oak-hickory forests in the Missouri Ozarks. Few studies of wind disturbance have focused on even-aged, second-growth stands, even though such stands predominate in eastern deciduous forests. From 1986-1996, blowdowns 2500 m2 disturbed 1.42% of the landscape; for patches 0.05-2.5 ha, only 0.63% of the landscape was disturbed. Although extensive oak dieback occurred in the 1980's and 90's, most of the decline was distributed diffusely through stands, and coarser patches of windthrow were uncommon. Shade-intolerant scarlet oaks (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.) dominated the pre-disturbance canopy and were the dominant treefalls, but two-thirds of new regeneration in blowdowns consisted of white oaks (Quercus alba L.), hickories (Carya spp. L.), and flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida L.). Blowdowns appeared to leave the understory intact, favoring future dominance by species with intermediate shade tolerance.
REBERTUS, ALAN J.和ALBERT J. MEIER(密苏里大学自然资源学院，哥伦比亚，密苏里州65211)密苏里州奥扎克橡树山核桃森林的排放动力学。J·托里·博特。128:362369 Soc。2001.-文献中的几项研究依赖于19世纪的公共土地调查(PLS)记录来重建东部落叶针叶林的历史排灌率，但对该地区当代排灌制度的评估并未受到太多关注。我们使用了一种类似PLS方法的方法，并对105公里的样带进行了采样，以确定在密苏里州奥扎克地区50至100年历史的橡树山核桃林中，橡树(栎树)枯死是否导致了2500平方米的大面积次生污染。很少有关于风干扰的研究集中在平均年龄的次生林上，尽管这类林分在东部落叶林中占主导地位。1986-1996年，2500平方米的排污破坏了1.42%的景观;在0.05 ~ 2.5 ha的斑块中，只有0.63%的景观受到干扰。虽然在20世纪80年代和90年代发生了广泛的栎树枯死，但大部分的下降是通过林分扩散分布的，而粗糙的风阻斑块并不常见。不耐阴的红栎树(Quercus coccinea Muenchh.)在干扰前的林冠层中占主导地位，是主要的树木，但三分之二的新更新由白栎树(Quercus alba L.)、山核桃(Carya spp. L.)和开花山茱萸(Cornus florida L.)组成。吹落似乎使林下植被保持完整，有利于具有中等遮荫耐性的物种在未来占据优势地位。
{"title":"Blowdown Dynamics in Oak-Hickory Forests of the Missouri Ozarks","authors":"A. Rebertus, A. Meier","doi":"10.2307/3088668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088668","url":null,"abstract":"REBERTUS, ALAN J. AND ALBERT J. MEIER (School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211) Blowdown Dynamics in Oak-Hickory Forests of the Missouri Ozarks. J Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:362369. 2001.-Several studies in the literature have relied on public land survey (PLS) notes from the 1800's to reconstruct historical blowdown rates in eastern deciduous-conifer forests, but assessment of contemporary blowdown regimes in the region has not received much attention. We used an approach similar to the PLS method, and sampled 105 km of transect to determine whether oak (Quercus) dieback led to extensive secondary blowdown of patches 2500 m2 in 50to 100-year-old oak-hickory forests in the Missouri Ozarks. Few studies of wind disturbance have focused on even-aged, second-growth stands, even though such stands predominate in eastern deciduous forests. From 1986-1996, blowdowns 2500 m2 disturbed 1.42% of the landscape; for patches 0.05-2.5 ha, only 0.63% of the landscape was disturbed. Although extensive oak dieback occurred in the 1980's and 90's, most of the decline was distributed diffusely through stands, and coarser patches of windthrow were uncommon. Shade-intolerant scarlet oaks (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.) dominated the pre-disturbance canopy and were the dominant treefalls, but two-thirds of new regeneration in blowdowns consisted of white oaks (Quercus alba L.), hickories (Carya spp. L.), and flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida L.). Blowdowns appeared to leave the understory intact, favoring future dominance by species with intermediate shade tolerance.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68728973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Lamont, J. M. FitzGerald, E. Lamont, J. M. FitzGerald
{"title":"Noteworthy plants reported from the Torrey Range-2000","authors":"E. Lamont, J. M. FitzGerald, E. Lamont, J. M. FitzGerald","doi":"10.2307/3088674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088674","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ROONEY, THOMAS P. AND DONALD M. WALLER (Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison WI 53706). How experimental defoliation and leaf height affect growth and reproduction in Trillium grandiflorum. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128: 393-399. 2001.-Both defoliation and higher leaf placement can reduce growth in herbaceous plants. We examined variation in relative growth rate (RGR) and reproduction in response to defoliation and leaf height in Trillium grandiflorum at 4 sites in northern Wisconsin, USA. Plant biomass and the probability of flowering increased with increased leaf height. Analyses of covariance revealed that experimental defoliation and leaf height separately and independently reduced individual RGR, and accounted for about 42% of the total variance in RGR. Defoliation in 1998 had no effect on flowering in 1999, but leaf height in 1998 was positively associated with the likelihood of flowering in 1999. RGR and plant responses to defoliation varied among sites. We conclude that defoliation and leaf height reduce RGR over short time scales.
{"title":"How Experimental Defoliation and Leaf Height Affect Growth and Reproduction in Trillium grandiflorum","authors":"T. Rooney, D. Waller","doi":"10.2307/3088671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088671","url":null,"abstract":"ROONEY, THOMAS P. AND DONALD M. WALLER (Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison WI 53706). How experimental defoliation and leaf height affect growth and reproduction in Trillium grandiflorum. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128: 393-399. 2001.-Both defoliation and higher leaf placement can reduce growth in herbaceous plants. We examined variation in relative growth rate (RGR) and reproduction in response to defoliation and leaf height in Trillium grandiflorum at 4 sites in northern Wisconsin, USA. Plant biomass and the probability of flowering increased with increased leaf height. Analyses of covariance revealed that experimental defoliation and leaf height separately and independently reduced individual RGR, and accounted for about 42% of the total variance in RGR. Defoliation in 1998 had no effect on flowering in 1999, but leaf height in 1998 was positively associated with the likelihood of flowering in 1999. RGR and plant responses to defoliation varied among sites. We conclude that defoliation and leaf height reduce RGR over short time scales.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
compared present-day tree species composition of the two old-growth forests and the two younger forests with the composition of bearing trees (i.e., trees identified by land surveyors in the 1830s) in upland and lowland areas within townships encompassing the four sites. Bearing tree samples were similar in composition to an explorer's account of old-growth woodlands that dominated the region during sparse subsistence settlement by Chickasaw Indians. There were striking differences between present-day and bearing-tree samples. One of the old-growth forests (Bailey Woods) was more similar in species composition to the mid-successional secondgrowth forests than to bearing-tree samples. The shade-intolerant, but fire-tolerant, Quercus marilandica Muenchh. was nearly absent from present-day upland forests (< 1% of all stems 2 10 cm dbh; range 0-3%) but was the most common species among presettlement upland trees (42% of all bearing trees in the township containing the field sites). Liquidambar styraciflua L., often regarded as both a pioneer species and a common constituent of alluvial floodplain and mesophytic terrace forests, was the single most abundant tree species in the understory and midcanopy of one of the old-growth forests (Bailey Woods) and in all size classes of trees of both younger forests. It was completely absent from presettlement records of upland trees, but was an abundant bearing tree in nearby sections containing lowland alluvial forests. I hypothesize that open oak woodlands dominated the upland landscape of Lafayette County, Mississippi before extensive settlement. These woodlands were neither mid-successional nor late-successional forests but were a unique fire-dependent community type that is absent from north Mississippi today.
将这两种原生林和两种年轻林的现今树种组成与四个地点周围城镇内高地和低地地区的树木组成(即19世纪30年代土地测量员确定的树木)进行比较。在契卡索印第安人稀疏的生存定居点期间，一个探险家对古老林地的描述与结果树样本的成分相似。现在的样本和结果树样本之间存在着显著的差异。其中一种原生林(贝利林)的物种组成与中期演替次生林的物种组成更相似，而与结果树样品的物种组成更相似。不耐阴，但耐火的栎。几乎不存在于今天的山地森林中(< 1%的所有茎2 10 cm dbh;范围0-3%)，但在预先定居的山地树木中最常见(占包含田间立地的乡镇所有有结果树木的42%)。通常被认为是冲积洪泛平原和中生阶地森林的先驱物种和共同组成部分，是其中一种原生林(贝利森林)的林下和冠层中部以及两种年轻森林的所有大小级别中最丰富的树种。在高原树木的预定居记录中完全没有它，但在附近含有低地冲积林的剖面中却是一种丰富的结果树。我假设，在大规模定居之前，开放的橡树林地主导着密西西比州拉斐特县的高地景观。这些林地既不是中期演替森林，也不是晚期演替森林，而是一种独特的依赖火的群落类型，这在今天的北密西西比州是不存在的。
{"title":"Current and presettlement tree species composition of some upland forests in northern Mississippi1","authors":"J. Stephen Brewer","doi":"10.2307/3088666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088666","url":null,"abstract":"compared present-day tree species composition of the two old-growth forests and the two younger forests with the composition of bearing trees (i.e., trees identified by land surveyors in the 1830s) in upland and lowland areas within townships encompassing the four sites. Bearing tree samples were similar in composition to an explorer's account of old-growth woodlands that dominated the region during sparse subsistence settlement by Chickasaw Indians. There were striking differences between present-day and bearing-tree samples. One of the old-growth forests (Bailey Woods) was more similar in species composition to the mid-successional secondgrowth forests than to bearing-tree samples. The shade-intolerant, but fire-tolerant, Quercus marilandica Muenchh. was nearly absent from present-day upland forests (< 1% of all stems 2 10 cm dbh; range 0-3%) but was the most common species among presettlement upland trees (42% of all bearing trees in the township containing the field sites). Liquidambar styraciflua L., often regarded as both a pioneer species and a common constituent of alluvial floodplain and mesophytic terrace forests, was the single most abundant tree species in the understory and midcanopy of one of the old-growth forests (Bailey Woods) and in all size classes of trees of both younger forests. It was completely absent from presettlement records of upland trees, but was an abundant bearing tree in nearby sections containing lowland alluvial forests. I hypothesize that open oak woodlands dominated the upland landscape of Lafayette County, Mississippi before extensive settlement. These woodlands were neither mid-successional nor late-successional forests but were a unique fire-dependent community type that is absent from north Mississippi today.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68728919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ledum groenlandicum, Labrador tea, is an ericaceous evergreen shrub of acidic, wet areas common to northern regions of North America. The range has historically been reported as far south as northern New Jersey (Britton and Brown 1897; Gleason and Cronquist 1991). Reports and herbarium vouchers intimated that this species was restricted to Morris and Sussex Counties. However, the latest New Jersey Natural Heritage ranking for L. groenlandicum in Morris County is SX. -species that have been determined or are presumed to be extirpated, documented from a single location (NJ Natural Heritage Program 1999). Hough (1983) stated "verified Morris County site 1977, recently reported destroyed." The Morris County's occurrences are well documented for the single location between Dover and Mount Hope. This area was a larch swamp discovered by Mr. M. E. Palmer, a Budd Lake resident who with Kenneth Mackenzie visited and first collected specimens from this site in 1918, the earliest record: Mackenzie 8390, (CHRB, NY). This area was given the appellation of "Palmer's Bog" by Mackenzie (1918) in his follow-up article. Other vouchers were gathered from approximately the same site: "Dover," 1932, J. L. Edwards 774, (CU); "0.75 miles SSW of Mt. Hope," 1948, J. L. Edwards s.n., (CHRB); "North of Mt. Pleasant Avenue between Mt. Hope and Dover," 1958, Frank Hirst 43, (PH). No vouchers were found for Morris County at BKL, GH, NYS, SIM, or YU (herbaria abbreviations based on Holmgren, et al., 1990). Unfortunately, this Morris County location experienced vast disturbance, including housing, construction of Interstate 80, and shopping malls that obliterated all trace of the larch swamp and
Ledum groenlandicum，拉布拉多茶，是北美北部地区常见的酸性、潮湿地区的一种白垩系常绿灌木。历史上曾有报道称其分布范围南至新泽西州北部(Britton and Brown 1897;Gleason and Cronquist 1991)。报告和植物标本馆凭证表明，该物种仅限于莫里斯和苏塞克斯县。然而，莫里斯县的L. groenlandicum的最新新泽西州自然遗产排名是SX。-已确定或推定灭绝的物种，记录于单一地点(1999年新泽西州自然遗产计划)。Hough(1983)指出“1977年莫里斯县的遗址经过核实，最近有报道称已被摧毁。”在多佛和霍普山之间的一个地点，莫里斯县的事件有很好的记录。该地区是一个落叶松沼泽，由巴德湖居民M. E. Palmer先生发现，他与Kenneth Mackenzie于1918年访问并首次从该地点收集标本，最早的记录:Mackenzie 8390， (CHRB, NY)。这个地区被麦肯齐(1918)在他的后续文章中称为“帕尔默沼泽”。其他代金券也大致来自同一地点:“Dover”，1932年，j.l. Edwards 774， (CU);“希望山西南偏南0.75英里”，1948年，j.l. Edwards s.n， (CHRB);“希望山和多佛之间的普莱森特山大道以北”，1958年，弗兰克·赫斯特43岁，(PH)。在BKL、GH、ny、SIM或YU(基于Holmgren等人1990年的植物标本馆缩写)没有发现莫里斯县的代金券。不幸的是，莫里斯县的这个地方经历了巨大的干扰，包括住房，80号州际公路的建设，以及购物中心，这些都摧毁了落叶松沼泽的所有痕迹
{"title":"The Rediscovery of Ledum groenlandicum Oeder (Ericaceae) in New Jersey","authors":"S. Glenn","doi":"10.2307/3088673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088673","url":null,"abstract":"Ledum groenlandicum, Labrador tea, is an ericaceous evergreen shrub of acidic, wet areas common to northern regions of North America. The range has historically been reported as far south as northern New Jersey (Britton and Brown 1897; Gleason and Cronquist 1991). Reports and herbarium vouchers intimated that this species was restricted to Morris and Sussex Counties. However, the latest New Jersey Natural Heritage ranking for L. groenlandicum in Morris County is SX. -species that have been determined or are presumed to be extirpated, documented from a single location (NJ Natural Heritage Program 1999). Hough (1983) stated \"verified Morris County site 1977, recently reported destroyed.\" The Morris County's occurrences are well documented for the single location between Dover and Mount Hope. This area was a larch swamp discovered by Mr. M. E. Palmer, a Budd Lake resident who with Kenneth Mackenzie visited and first collected specimens from this site in 1918, the earliest record: Mackenzie 8390, (CHRB, NY). This area was given the appellation of \"Palmer's Bog\" by Mackenzie (1918) in his follow-up article. Other vouchers were gathered from approximately the same site: \"Dover,\" 1932, J. L. Edwards 774, (CU); \"0.75 miles SSW of Mt. Hope,\" 1948, J. L. Edwards s.n., (CHRB); \"North of Mt. Pleasant Avenue between Mt. Hope and Dover,\" 1958, Frank Hirst 43, (PH). No vouchers were found for Morris County at BKL, GH, NYS, SIM, or YU (herbaria abbreviations based on Holmgren, et al., 1990). Unfortunately, this Morris County location experienced vast disturbance, including housing, construction of Interstate 80, and shopping malls that obliterated all trace of the larch swamp and","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
in the soil were >-10 mo old. We compared the genetic composition of the seed bank with that of the above ground plants and the seed crop produced that year by scoring individuals from each cohort for sex and genotype at 7 polymorphic isozyme loci. A total of 99 white campion seedlings emerged from the 70 cores collected (mean density of seedlings per core = 1.41 + 4.37, n = 70 cores; 535.29 seedlings/m2). The frequency distribution for seedling density per core deviated significantly from that predicted by a Poisson distribution, and the results of this analysis indicate a clumped dispersion pattern. The observed genotype frequencies in each cohort did not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg predictions, and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the above and below ground cohorts. Sex ratios in each cohort did not deviate significantly from 1:1. The results indicate that this white campion population maintains a dormant seed bank that provides an unbiased reservoir of genetic variation for the characters we investigated.
{"title":"Density, dispersion and population genetics of a Silene latifolia seed bank from southwestern Virginia1","authors":"P. A. Peroni, R. Armstrong","doi":"10.2307/3088672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088672","url":null,"abstract":"in the soil were >-10 mo old. We compared the genetic composition of the seed bank with that of the above ground plants and the seed crop produced that year by scoring individuals from each cohort for sex and genotype at 7 polymorphic isozyme loci. A total of 99 white campion seedlings emerged from the 70 cores collected (mean density of seedlings per core = 1.41 + 4.37, n = 70 cores; 535.29 seedlings/m2). The frequency distribution for seedling density per core deviated significantly from that predicted by a Poisson distribution, and the results of this analysis indicate a clumped dispersion pattern. The observed genotype frequencies in each cohort did not differ significantly from Hardy-Weinberg predictions, and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the above and below ground cohorts. Sex ratios in each cohort did not deviate significantly from 1:1. The results indicate that this white campion population maintains a dormant seed bank that provides an unbiased reservoir of genetic variation for the characters we investigated.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GREGORY G. MCGEE (State University of New York-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210). Stand-level effects on the role of decaying logs as vascular plant habitat in Adirondack northern hardwood forests. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:370-380. 2001.-The objectives of this study were to determine (1) if decaying logs provide critical habitat for any vascular plants in Adirondack northern hardwood forests; and (2) whether environmental factors that vary at the stand-scale influence the role of decaying logs as vascular plant habitat. Herbaceous ramet densities and woody seedling/sapling basal area were characterized on well-decayed logs and adjacent forest floor microsites in three northern hardwood stand types: old-growth, partially-cut, and 15to 29-year-old shelterwoods. No common herbaceous species were restricted to the log microsites, although Dryopteris intermedia had greater densities on logs. Betula alleghaniensis, Tsuga canadensis and Abies balsamea all attained greater basal areas (stems --15.0 cm diameter at the root collar) on decaying logs, while Acer pensylvanicum, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia and Viburnum alnifolium had greater basal areas on forest floor microsites. Average (+ 1 SD) total basal area of woody stems was greatest in the shelterwoods (1775 + 615 mm2 m-2), compared to the partially-cut (714 + 266 mm2 m-2) and old-growth (503 + 657 mm2 m-2) stands. Betual alleghaniensis accounted for a substantial proportion of the basal area in the shelterwoods. In these shelterwood stands B. alleghaniensis basal areas were not statistically discernible between the forest floor and log microsites (P = 0.07). However, in partially-cut stands, B. alleghaniensis basal area was greater on the decaying log microsites (P = 0.05). In the old-growth stands, no B. alleghaniensis stems > 2 cm diameter were sampled. This study indicates that decaying logs provide early establishment sites for some tree species and the fern, D. intermedia, in northern hardwood forests. While B. alleghaniensis favored logs as establishment sites in the partially-cut stands, this species was capable of widespread establishment throughout the shelterwood stands. Even though B. alleghaniensis readily germinated on decaying logs, its recruitment into larger sapling size classes appeared to be consistently limited by factors varying at the stand level (e.g., light levels).
{"title":"Stand-level effects on the role of decaying logs as vascular plant habitat in Adirondack northern hardwood forests1","authors":"Gregory G. McGee","doi":"10.2307/3088669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088669","url":null,"abstract":"GREGORY G. MCGEE (State University of New York-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210). Stand-level effects on the role of decaying logs as vascular plant habitat in Adirondack northern hardwood forests. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:370-380. 2001.-The objectives of this study were to determine (1) if decaying logs provide critical habitat for any vascular plants in Adirondack northern hardwood forests; and (2) whether environmental factors that vary at the stand-scale influence the role of decaying logs as vascular plant habitat. Herbaceous ramet densities and woody seedling/sapling basal area were characterized on well-decayed logs and adjacent forest floor microsites in three northern hardwood stand types: old-growth, partially-cut, and 15to 29-year-old shelterwoods. No common herbaceous species were restricted to the log microsites, although Dryopteris intermedia had greater densities on logs. Betula alleghaniensis, Tsuga canadensis and Abies balsamea all attained greater basal areas (stems --15.0 cm diameter at the root collar) on decaying logs, while Acer pensylvanicum, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia and Viburnum alnifolium had greater basal areas on forest floor microsites. Average (+ 1 SD) total basal area of woody stems was greatest in the shelterwoods (1775 + 615 mm2 m-2), compared to the partially-cut (714 + 266 mm2 m-2) and old-growth (503 + 657 mm2 m-2) stands. Betual alleghaniensis accounted for a substantial proportion of the basal area in the shelterwoods. In these shelterwood stands B. alleghaniensis basal areas were not statistically discernible between the forest floor and log microsites (P = 0.07). However, in partially-cut stands, B. alleghaniensis basal area was greater on the decaying log microsites (P = 0.05). In the old-growth stands, no B. alleghaniensis stems > 2 cm diameter were sampled. This study indicates that decaying logs provide early establishment sites for some tree species and the fern, D. intermedia, in northern hardwood forests. While B. alleghaniensis favored logs as establishment sites in the partially-cut stands, this species was capable of widespread establishment throughout the shelterwood stands. Even though B. alleghaniensis readily germinated on decaying logs, its recruitment into larger sapling size classes appeared to be consistently limited by factors varying at the stand level (e.g., light levels).","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68728988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. C. Anderson, E. Corbett, M. Rebecca, T. Kelley, M. R. Anderson, G. A. CORBETr, T. Kelley
ANDERSON, R. C., E. A. CORBETT, M. R. ANDERSON, G. A. CORBETr, AND T. M. KELLEY (4120-Department of Biological Sciences, Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Section, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4120). High white tailed deer density has negative impact on tallgrass prairie forbs. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:381-392, 2001.-We studied the effect of deer browsing on prairie forbs under conditions of high deer density (30 to 42 deer km -2) on a single remnant tallgrass prairie in the Illinois Department of Natural Resources' Heidecke Lake Fish and Wildlife Area in northeastern Illinois. Almost no grasses or sedges were browsed and the frequency of browsing of graminoids was nearly the same in deer exclosure and reference plots. In contrast, deer browsed 3.5% to 18.9% of the standing crop of forb stems depending upon time of sampling. Deer selectively browsed 26% percent of the 100 species of forbs sampled in at least one of nine samples taken over three growing seasons. However, most species (17 of 26 selected species) were selected in only one sample. Highest browsing intensity occurred during late June and early July. Flowering stems of 3 species of forbs were significantly less abundant in the reference plots than in the exclosure plots, indicating a potentially adverse effect of deer browsing on the reproductive success of these prairie forbs. Deer are most likely to influence prairie vegetation by causing a shift in plant species abundance and competitive abilities in a way that favors grasses over forbs and reduces prairie plant diversity.
ANDERSON, R. C.， E. A. CORBETT, M. R. ANDERSON, G. A. CORBETr, AND T. M. KELLEY(4120伊利诺斯州立大学生物科学系，行为，生态学，进化和系统学部分，伊利诺斯州师范学院，61790-4120)。白尾鹿密度高对高草草原牧草有不利影响。托里·博特。《社会科学》，2001。-在伊利诺斯州东北部自然资源部的Heidecke湖鱼类和野生动物区，研究了鹿在高密度(30 ~ 42鹿km -2)条件下对草原牧草的啃食影响。圈闭区与对照区对禾本科植物和莎草类植物的取食频率基本一致，对禾本科植物的取食频率基本一致。相比之下，根据采样时间的不同，鹿浏览了3.5%至18.9%的牧草茎秆。在三个生长季节采集的9个样本中，至少有一个样本的100种牧草中，鹿有选择性地浏览了26%。然而，大多数物种(26种中有17种)仅在一个样本中被选中。6月底和7月初的浏览强度最高。参考样地3种牧草开花茎的丰度显著低于围封样地，表明鹿食对这些牧草的繁殖成功率有潜在的不利影响。鹿最有可能通过引起植物种类丰富度和竞争能力的变化来影响草原植被，这种变化有利于草而不是草，减少了草原植物的多样性。
{"title":"High white-tailed deer density has negative impact on tallgrass prairie forbs1","authors":"R. C. Anderson, E. Corbett, M. Rebecca, T. Kelley, M. R. Anderson, G. A. CORBETr, T. Kelley","doi":"10.2307/3088670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3088670","url":null,"abstract":"ANDERSON, R. C., E. A. CORBETT, M. R. ANDERSON, G. A. CORBETr, AND T. M. KELLEY (4120-Department of Biological Sciences, Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Section, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4120). High white tailed deer density has negative impact on tallgrass prairie forbs. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 128:381-392, 2001.-We studied the effect of deer browsing on prairie forbs under conditions of high deer density (30 to 42 deer km -2) on a single remnant tallgrass prairie in the Illinois Department of Natural Resources' Heidecke Lake Fish and Wildlife Area in northeastern Illinois. Almost no grasses or sedges were browsed and the frequency of browsing of graminoids was nearly the same in deer exclosure and reference plots. In contrast, deer browsed 3.5% to 18.9% of the standing crop of forb stems depending upon time of sampling. Deer selectively browsed 26% percent of the 100 species of forbs sampled in at least one of nine samples taken over three growing seasons. However, most species (17 of 26 selected species) were selected in only one sample. Highest browsing intensity occurred during late June and early July. Flowering stems of 3 species of forbs were significantly less abundant in the reference plots than in the exclosure plots, indicating a potentially adverse effect of deer browsing on the reproductive success of these prairie forbs. Deer are most likely to influence prairie vegetation by causing a shift in plant species abundance and competitive abilities in a way that favors grasses over forbs and reduces prairie plant diversity.","PeriodicalId":49977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3088670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68729042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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