This study aims to investigate the function and influence of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in advancing worldwide justice by conducting a qualitative analysis of structured interviews with 31 participants. The research subject centers around the identification of the obstacles and possibilities encountered by the ICC in carrying out its duty to prosecute individuals accountable for grave international crimes, all the while fostering accountability and reconciliation. Data was gathered through structured interviews with individuals who had expertise in international law, human rights, and related disciplines, using a qualitative research approach. The sample consisted of persons who have competence in academia, legal advocacy, and human rights groups. The findings uncover various significant themes, including obstacles such as political intervention, limitations in resources, and perceptions of prejudice, as well as prospects for improving victim involvement, outreach initiatives, and collaboration with local stakeholders. The paper closes by highlighting the significance of tackling these problems and utilizing possibilities to enhance the efficiency of the ICC in achieving global justice and accountability.
{"title":"The Role and Impact of the International Criminal Court in Global Justice","authors":"Hemin Q. Bayz","doi":"10.58840/ots.v3i4.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58840/ots.v3i4.62","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the function and influence of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in advancing worldwide justice by conducting a qualitative analysis of structured interviews with 31 participants. The research subject centers around the identification of the obstacles and possibilities encountered by the ICC in carrying out its duty to prosecute individuals accountable for grave international crimes, all the while fostering accountability and reconciliation. Data was gathered through structured interviews with individuals who had expertise in international law, human rights, and related disciplines, using a qualitative research approach. The sample consisted of persons who have competence in academia, legal advocacy, and human rights groups. The findings uncover various significant themes, including obstacles such as political intervention, limitations in resources, and perceptions of prejudice, as well as prospects for improving victim involvement, outreach initiatives, and collaboration with local stakeholders. The paper closes by highlighting the significance of tackling these problems and utilizing possibilities to enhance the efficiency of the ICC in achieving global justice and accountability.","PeriodicalId":499963,"journal":{"name":"OTS Canadian Journal","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum has emerged as a cornerstone of global education, renowned for its rigorous academic standards and emphasis on holistic learning. This study explores the impact of the IB curriculum within International Maarif Schools in Erbil, Iraq, focusing on its effectiveness in preparing students for the challenges of a globalized world. Utilizing a quantitative approach, a sample of 429 participants from diverse international schools was surveyed to examine perceptions of student performance, educational quality, and global competence. Data analysis, including correlation and regression techniques, reveals significant positive relationships between participation in the IB curriculum and enhanced academic outcomes, critical thinking skills, and intercultural awareness. Findings underscore the IB curriculum's role in fostering comprehensive student development and preparing learners for higher education and global citizenship. The study contributes valuable insights into the educational benefits of the IB curriculum within the specific context of International Maarif Schools in Erbil, offering implications for curriculum design, professional development, and educational policy aimed at optimizing global education initiatives.
国际文凭（IB）课程已成为全球教育的基石，以其严格的学术标准和强调全面学习而著 称。本研究探讨了国际文凭课程在伊拉克埃尔比勒 Maarif 国际学校中的影响，重点关注其在培养学生应对全球化世界挑战方面的有效性。本研究采用定量方法，对来自不同国际学校的 429 名参与者进行了抽样调查，以了解他们对学生成绩、教育质量和全球能力的看法。包括相关和回归技术在内的数据分析显示，参与国际文凭课程与提高学业成绩、批判性思维能力和跨文化意识之间存在显著的正相关关系。研究结果强调了国际文凭课程在促进学生全面发展、培养学习者接受高等教育和成为世界公民方面的作用。这项研究对国际文凭课程在埃尔比勒 Maarif 国际学校特定背景下的教育益处提出了宝贵的见解，为课程设计、专业发展和旨在优化全球教育举措的教育政策提供了启示。
{"title":"Enhancing Global Education: The Impact of the IB Curriculum at International Maarif Schools in Erbil","authors":"Inji Shukur","doi":"10.58840/ots.v3i4.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58840/ots.v3i4.61","url":null,"abstract":"The International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum has emerged as a cornerstone of global education, renowned for its rigorous academic standards and emphasis on holistic learning. This study explores the impact of the IB curriculum within International Maarif Schools in Erbil, Iraq, focusing on its effectiveness in preparing students for the challenges of a globalized world. Utilizing a quantitative approach, a sample of 429 participants from diverse international schools was surveyed to examine perceptions of student performance, educational quality, and global competence. Data analysis, including correlation and regression techniques, reveals significant positive relationships between participation in the IB curriculum and enhanced academic outcomes, critical thinking skills, and intercultural awareness. Findings underscore the IB curriculum's role in fostering comprehensive student development and preparing learners for higher education and global citizenship. The study contributes valuable insights into the educational benefits of the IB curriculum within the specific context of International Maarif Schools in Erbil, offering implications for curriculum design, professional development, and educational policy aimed at optimizing global education initiatives.","PeriodicalId":499963,"journal":{"name":"OTS Canadian Journal","volume":"104 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the findings of a primary data collection effort through a survey questionnaire aimed at investigating the relationship between job embeddedness (JE), tardiness (TAR), and absenteeism (ABS) among academic staff at KUST. The survey included demographic information in its first section, covering the characteristics of the respondents. The independent variable, job embeddedness, was assessed through seven questions in the third section, while tardiness and absenteeism were examined through three and two questions, respectively. Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed several noteworthy conclusions. The academic staff at KUST demonstrated a high level of job embeddedness, coupled with low levels of tardiness and absenteeism, suggesting a positive and robust connection with the organization. Notably, job embeddedness has been a relatively understudied topic in existing literature, making this research a valuable contribution to understanding its implications. The study underscores the importance of job embeddedness in meeting employees' demands and serving as a strategic retention strategy. It is suggested that KUST's ability to minimize negative outcomes among employees, such as tardiness and absenteeism, relies on fostering job embeddedness. The research establishes job embeddedness as a pivotal factor influencing employees' intention to arrive at work promptly and avoid absenteeism. Furthermore, the results indicate a negative and significant correlation between job embeddedness and both tardiness and absenteeism. The study recommends that KUST should prioritize attention to job embeddedness as a key factor in achieving organizational success. The negative and significant effect of job embeddedness on tardiness and absenteeism reinforces the importance of cultivating a workplace environment that promotes employees' attachment to their roles.
{"title":"Impact of Job Embeddednes on Reducing Trdiness and Absentiseem","authors":"Bruwsk Azad, Rahel Ghazi, Farhang Farhad","doi":"10.58840/ots.v3i1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58840/ots.v3i1.46","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the findings of a primary data collection effort through a survey questionnaire aimed at investigating the relationship between job embeddedness (JE), tardiness (TAR), and absenteeism (ABS) among academic staff at KUST. The survey included demographic information in its first section, covering the characteristics of the respondents. The independent variable, job embeddedness, was assessed through seven questions in the third section, while tardiness and absenteeism were examined through three and two questions, respectively. Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed several noteworthy conclusions. The academic staff at KUST demonstrated a high level of job embeddedness, coupled with low levels of tardiness and absenteeism, suggesting a positive and robust connection with the organization. Notably, job embeddedness has been a relatively understudied topic in existing literature, making this research a valuable contribution to understanding its implications. The study underscores the importance of job embeddedness in meeting employees' demands and serving as a strategic retention strategy. It is suggested that KUST's ability to minimize negative outcomes among employees, such as tardiness and absenteeism, relies on fostering job embeddedness. The research establishes job embeddedness as a pivotal factor influencing employees' intention to arrive at work promptly and avoid absenteeism. Furthermore, the results indicate a negative and significant correlation between job embeddedness and both tardiness and absenteeism. The study recommends that KUST should prioritize attention to job embeddedness as a key factor in achieving organizational success. The negative and significant effect of job embeddedness on tardiness and absenteeism reinforces the importance of cultivating a workplace environment that promotes employees' attachment to their roles.","PeriodicalId":499963,"journal":{"name":"OTS Canadian Journal","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the findings of a primary data collection effort through a survey questionnaire aimed at investigating the relationship between job embeddedness (JE), tardiness (TAR), and absenteeism (ABS) among academic staff at KUST. The survey included demographic information in its first section, covering the characteristics of the respondents. The independent variable, job embeddedness, was assessed through seven questions in the third section, while tardiness and absenteeism were examined through three and two questions, respectively. Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed several noteworthy conclusions. The academic staff at KUST demonstrated a high level of job embeddedness, coupled with low levels of tardiness and absenteeism, suggesting a positive and robust connection with the organization. Notably, job embeddedness has been a relatively understudied topic in existing literature, making this research a valuable contribution to understanding its implications. The study underscores the importance of job embeddedness in meeting employees' demands and serving as a strategic retention strategy. It is suggested that KUST's ability to minimize negative outcomes among employees, such as tardiness and absenteeism, relies on fostering job embeddedness. The research establishes job embeddedness as a pivotal factor influencing employees' intention to arrive at work promptly and avoid absenteeism. Furthermore, the results indicate a negative and significant correlation between job embeddedness and both tardiness and absenteeism. The study recommends that KUST should prioritize attention to job embeddedness as a key factor in achieving organizational success. The negative and significant effect of job embeddedness on tardiness and absenteeism reinforces the importance of cultivating a workplace environment that promotes employees' attachment to their roles.
{"title":"Impact of Job Embeddednes on Reducing Trdiness and Absentiseem","authors":"Bruwsk Azad, Rahel Ghazi, Farhang Farhad","doi":"10.58840/ots.v3i1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58840/ots.v3i1.46","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the findings of a primary data collection effort through a survey questionnaire aimed at investigating the relationship between job embeddedness (JE), tardiness (TAR), and absenteeism (ABS) among academic staff at KUST. The survey included demographic information in its first section, covering the characteristics of the respondents. The independent variable, job embeddedness, was assessed through seven questions in the third section, while tardiness and absenteeism were examined through three and two questions, respectively. Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed several noteworthy conclusions. The academic staff at KUST demonstrated a high level of job embeddedness, coupled with low levels of tardiness and absenteeism, suggesting a positive and robust connection with the organization. Notably, job embeddedness has been a relatively understudied topic in existing literature, making this research a valuable contribution to understanding its implications. The study underscores the importance of job embeddedness in meeting employees' demands and serving as a strategic retention strategy. It is suggested that KUST's ability to minimize negative outcomes among employees, such as tardiness and absenteeism, relies on fostering job embeddedness. The research establishes job embeddedness as a pivotal factor influencing employees' intention to arrive at work promptly and avoid absenteeism. Furthermore, the results indicate a negative and significant correlation between job embeddedness and both tardiness and absenteeism. The study recommends that KUST should prioritize attention to job embeddedness as a key factor in achieving organizational success. The negative and significant effect of job embeddedness on tardiness and absenteeism reinforces the importance of cultivating a workplace environment that promotes employees' attachment to their roles.","PeriodicalId":499963,"journal":{"name":"OTS Canadian Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139809906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rozhan Nader, Mustafa Burhan Saadi, Bokan Abdulqadir
The objective of this study is to explore the association between high-performance work practices (HPWPs) — encompassing training, empowerment, rewards, and teamwork — and the levels of personal career, job, and life satisfaction among full-time academic staff at Komar University of Science and Technology. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research utilizes a survey questionnaire disseminated through a Microsoft online form to collect data. The sample comprises 92 participants representative of the study's population. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 26. The analysis concluded a lack of significant correlation between HPWPs and the variables measuring satisfaction in care, job, and life. It was also observed that a mere 7% of employees engaged in high-performance work reported satisfaction across these areas. These findings contradict our initial hypothesis, indicating that HPWPs may not be as influential on satisfaction levels as previously anticipated.
{"title":"The Impact of High-Performance Works Practice on Employees Job, Life and Career Satisfaction","authors":"Rozhan Nader, Mustafa Burhan Saadi, Bokan Abdulqadir","doi":"10.58840/ots.v3i1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58840/ots.v3i1.45","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to explore the association between high-performance work practices (HPWPs) — encompassing training, empowerment, rewards, and teamwork — and the levels of personal career, job, and life satisfaction among full-time academic staff at Komar University of Science and Technology. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research utilizes a survey questionnaire disseminated through a Microsoft online form to collect data. The sample comprises 92 participants representative of the study's population. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 26. The analysis concluded a lack of significant correlation between HPWPs and the variables measuring satisfaction in care, job, and life. It was also observed that a mere 7% of employees engaged in high-performance work reported satisfaction across these areas. These findings contradict our initial hypothesis, indicating that HPWPs may not be as influential on satisfaction levels as previously anticipated.","PeriodicalId":499963,"journal":{"name":"OTS Canadian Journal","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rozhan Nader, Mustafa Burhan Saadi, Bokan Abdulqadir
The objective of this study is to explore the association between high-performance work practices (HPWPs) — encompassing training, empowerment, rewards, and teamwork — and the levels of personal career, job, and life satisfaction among full-time academic staff at Komar University of Science and Technology. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research utilizes a survey questionnaire disseminated through a Microsoft online form to collect data. The sample comprises 92 participants representative of the study's population. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 26. The analysis concluded a lack of significant correlation between HPWPs and the variables measuring satisfaction in care, job, and life. It was also observed that a mere 7% of employees engaged in high-performance work reported satisfaction across these areas. These findings contradict our initial hypothesis, indicating that HPWPs may not be as influential on satisfaction levels as previously anticipated.
{"title":"The Impact of High-Performance Works Practice on Employees Job, Life and Career Satisfaction","authors":"Rozhan Nader, Mustafa Burhan Saadi, Bokan Abdulqadir","doi":"10.58840/ots.v3i1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58840/ots.v3i1.45","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to explore the association between high-performance work practices (HPWPs) — encompassing training, empowerment, rewards, and teamwork — and the levels of personal career, job, and life satisfaction among full-time academic staff at Komar University of Science and Technology. Employing a quantitative methodology, the research utilizes a survey questionnaire disseminated through a Microsoft online form to collect data. The sample comprises 92 participants representative of the study's population. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, version 26. The analysis concluded a lack of significant correlation between HPWPs and the variables measuring satisfaction in care, job, and life. It was also observed that a mere 7% of employees engaged in high-performance work reported satisfaction across these areas. These findings contradict our initial hypothesis, indicating that HPWPs may not be as influential on satisfaction levels as previously anticipated.","PeriodicalId":499963,"journal":{"name":"OTS Canadian Journal","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research study investigates the relationship between Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and English language proficiency among students in private schools in Erbil, Kurdistan. The study is underpinned by communicative language teaching principles and second language acquisition theories, which emphasize the importance of meaningful communication and contextual learning. The research hypothesizes that TBLT is associated with improved language proficiency, enhanced intrinsic motivation, and increased confidence in using English for real-life communication. The study's findings confirm these hypotheses, demonstrating a statistically significant positive relationship between TBLT implementation and English language proficiency. Moreover, TBLT outperforms traditional teaching methods in fostering language proficiency. The study also reveals that TBLT positively correlates with increased intrinsic motivation, contributing to improved language skills. Contextual learning afforded by TBLT is found to enhance practical understanding of English language skills. Additionally, TBLT enhances students' confidence in using English for real-life communication, a vital aspect of language proficiency. These findings suggest the potential of TBLT as an effective pedagogical approach for enhancing English language education in private schools in Erbil. The study concludes by offering recommendations for the implementation of TBLT and the importance of teacher training, motivational strategies, and long-term impact studies in the context of language education.
{"title":"Task-Based Language Teaching: A Pedagogical Approach for Improving English Proficiency: Analysis of Private Schools in Erbil","authors":"Shokhan Kawa, Lara Nidham","doi":"10.58840/ots.v2i10.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58840/ots.v2i10.38","url":null,"abstract":"This research study investigates the relationship between Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and English language proficiency among students in private schools in Erbil, Kurdistan. The study is underpinned by communicative language teaching principles and second language acquisition theories, which emphasize the importance of meaningful communication and contextual learning. The research hypothesizes that TBLT is associated with improved language proficiency, enhanced intrinsic motivation, and increased confidence in using English for real-life communication. The study's findings confirm these hypotheses, demonstrating a statistically significant positive relationship between TBLT implementation and English language proficiency. Moreover, TBLT outperforms traditional teaching methods in fostering language proficiency. The study also reveals that TBLT positively correlates with increased intrinsic motivation, contributing to improved language skills. Contextual learning afforded by TBLT is found to enhance practical understanding of English language skills. Additionally, TBLT enhances students' confidence in using English for real-life communication, a vital aspect of language proficiency. These findings suggest the potential of TBLT as an effective pedagogical approach for enhancing English language education in private schools in Erbil. The study concludes by offering recommendations for the implementation of TBLT and the importance of teacher training, motivational strategies, and long-term impact studies in the context of language education.","PeriodicalId":499963,"journal":{"name":"OTS Canadian Journal","volume":"65 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Empiricism is one of the crucial theories for writing history which appeared in late nineteenth century while it focuses only on primary sources and sensory experience. It uses an inductive method of reasoning, which means moving from the specific to the general. Empiricism has become one of the most popular methods that has been used by a large number of historians and academics in the last four centuries which they argued that only primary or original sources should be used by historians. Empiricists believe that investigating primary sources and use only evidence for writing history, however, rationalists believe that examining past events can lead to truth because history is always written by elites of society. In addition, the historian’s position is connected with statements about history this demonstrate the association of empiricism with relativism. Finally, it can be argued that historians cannot obtain facts without evidence, although historian’s interpretation is necessary for writing history while criticising the documents may obtain the truth. However, historian’s explanations can also be problematic, because as empiricists argue their perspectives tend to be a fiction and they cannot agree on a single explanation.
{"title":"What is Empiricism? Critically Evaluate its Value When Writing History","authors":"Zaryan Kareem","doi":"10.58840/ots.v2i5.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58840/ots.v2i5.29","url":null,"abstract":"Empiricism is one of the crucial theories for writing history which appeared in late nineteenth century while it focuses only on primary sources and sensory experience. It uses an inductive method of reasoning, which means moving from the specific to the general. Empiricism has become one of the most popular methods that has been used by a large number of historians and academics in the last four centuries which they argued that only primary or original sources should be used by historians. Empiricists believe that investigating primary sources and use only evidence for writing history, however, rationalists believe that examining past events can lead to truth because history is always written by elites of society. In addition, the historian’s position is connected with statements about history this demonstrate the association of empiricism with relativism. Finally, it can be argued that historians cannot obtain facts without evidence, although historian’s interpretation is necessary for writing history while criticising the documents may obtain the truth. However, historian’s explanations can also be problematic, because as empiricists argue their perspectives tend to be a fiction and they cannot agree on a single explanation.
","PeriodicalId":499963,"journal":{"name":"OTS Canadian Journal","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135960744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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