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LEGAL VALIDITY OF NOTARIAL DEEDS SIGNED WITH ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE 用电子签名签署的公证书的法律效力
Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v3i1.927
Wanda Fabiola Emeralda Girsang, Kurniawan Kurniawan, Lalu Muhammad Hayyanul Haq
Currently, the profession of Notary holds significant importance in the economic landscape of Indonesia. However, there is a lack of legislation that enables Notaries to execute their duties by creating electronically signable deeds. In Indonesia, an authentic deed prepared by a Notary necessitates physical presence and cannot be executed electronically. This research seeks to identify the legal validity of notarial deeds signed with Electronic Signatures, particularly in Indonesia and New South Wales, Australia. The study aims to understand the regulatory frameworks, examine the nature of Electronic Signatures, and evaluate the implications for contract law in both jurisdictions. Utilizing a Normative Research approach, this study employs the Statute, Conceptual, and Comparative Approaches. Primary legal materials include relevant Indonesian and Australian laws, while secondary and tertiary legal materials provide additional context. A literature review involving books, e-journals, and internet sources contributes to the analysis. The research reveals a gap in explicit regulations governing electronically signed deeds in both Australia and Indonesia. Despite practical application in public contracts, especially in business collaborations, concerns about vulnerability to forgery persist. The absence of clear regulations necessitates a physical appearance before a notary for authentic deeds. The study concludes that regulatory models addressing protection, implementation, and supervision of electronically signed deeds should be explored collaboratively by the Government and the House of Representatives in Indonesia.
目前,公证行业在印尼的经济格局中占有重要地位。然而,印尼缺乏使公证人能够通过创建可电子签名的契约来履行其职责的法律。在印尼,由公证人准备的真实契约需要公证人亲自到场,不能以电子方式执行。本研究旨在确定使用电子签名签署的公证契约的法律效力,尤其是在印度尼西亚和澳大利亚新南威尔士州。研究旨在了解这两个司法管辖区的监管框架,审查电子签名的性质,并评估其对合同法的影响。本研究采用了规范研究法、概念研究法和比较研究法。主要法律材料包括印尼和澳大利亚的相关法律,而第二和第三法律材料则提供了额外的背景。文献综述包括书籍、电子期刊和互联网资料,有助于分析。研究揭示了澳大利亚和印尼在电子签署契约方面的明确法规空白。尽管电子签名在公共合同,尤其是商业合作中得到了实际应用,但人们仍然担心电子签名容易被伪造。由于缺乏明确的法规,要获得真实的契约,必须亲自到公证处进行公证。本研究的结论是,印尼政府和众议院应共同探索监管模式,解决电子签署契约的保护、实施和监督问题。
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引用次数: 0
LEGAL OVERVIEW OF COMPENSATION FOR LAND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PT. PLN'S SUTET TOWER NETWORK IN THE TAKTAKAN DISTRICT OF SERANG CITY, BANTEN PROVINCE 关于 PT.万丹省雪朗市塔克塔干地区的 PN 苏特塔网络开发中的土地补偿法律概述
Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v3i1.1026
Ahmad Jakaria Ansori
The implementation of land compensation to the community for the construction of the Extra High Voltage Transmission Network (SUTET) by PLN falls under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM). The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources released Ministerial Regulation (Permen) ESDM number 13 of 2021 regarding Free Space and Minimum Clearance Distance for Electric Power Transmission Network and Compensation for Land, Buildings, and/or Plants Located in the Free Space of Electric Power Transmission Network. This regulation was enacted by Minister of ESDM Arifin Tasrif on June 17, 2021, and took effect upon its promulgation on June 17, 2021. With this regulation, the rights of the community whose land is traversed by the transmission will receive compensation. However, the regulation does not comprehensively address the impact of the development and compensation for the transmission lines of 500 kV or 150 kV, leading to injustice and legal uncertainty. PLN's responsibility for the land value of the community affected by the construction of the SUTET transmission network is limited. In providing compensation to the community whose land is traversed by the Extra High Voltage Transmission Line (SUTET), PT PLN follows existing regulations. PLN refers to Ministerial Regulation No. 01.P/47/MPE/1992 on SUTET Free Space and SUTET for Electricity Distribution Article 5 paragraph (3) concerning land for establishing support structures, including buildings and plants on that land, which must be cleared and compensated.
PLN 因建设特高压输电网络 (SUTET) 而对社区进行的土地补偿由能源和矿产资源部 (ESDM) 负责实施。能源和矿产资源部发布了 2021 年第 13 号部级法规(Permen)ESDM,内容涉及电力传输网络的自由空间和最小净空距离,以及对位于电力传输网络自由空间内的土地、建筑物和/或工厂的补偿。该条例于 2021 年 6 月 17 日由 ESDM 部长 Arifin Tasrif 颁布,并于 2021 年 6 月 17 日颁布后生效。根据该条例,土地被输电线路穿越的社区将获得补偿。然而,该条例并未全面涉及 500 千伏或 150 千伏输电线路开发和补偿的影响,导致不公正和法律不确定性。PLN 对受 SUTET 输电网络建设影响的社区的土地价值所承担的责任是有限的。在向其土地被特高压输电线路(SUTET)穿越的社区提供补偿时,PT PLN 遵循现行法规。PLN 援引了第 01.P/47/MPE/1992 号关于 SUTET 自由空间和配电用 SUTET 的部级条例第 5 条第 3 款,该款涉及用于建立支持结构的土地,包括土地上的建筑物和厂房,必须对其进行清理和赔偿。
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引用次数: 0
FULFILLMENT OF RESTITUTION RIGHTS TO VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING OFFENSES 履行贩运罪行受害者的赔偿权
Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v3i1.937
Andi Boby Pratama R.
Crime is a significant issue in Indonesia, with human trafficking being a major concern. The crime is based on Article 28, paragraph (2) of the Republic of Indonesia Constitution of 1945, which states that human rights are inalienable. The original regulation for the crime was in Article 297, which outlined the punishment for trafficking women and men who are not yet adults. However, the current rules do not provide clear protection for victims, and offenders do not face commensurate penalties. The Criminal Code provides compensation through a judge's decree, but implementation is challenging due to limitations in determining compensation and the lack of specialized legal protection for victims. This study uses normative legal research to analyze Indonesia's legal protection and compensation for victims of human trafficking, utilizing current legal materials and written works. The Criminal Code and PTPPO Law provide limited protection for victims of human trafficking, but they lack comprehensive restitution. Indonesia only approves two restitution requests, demonstrating the fundamental right to recompense. The process is lengthy and lacks evidence of expenditure, leading to uncertainty in court decisions.
在印度尼西亚,犯罪是一个重大问题,其中贩运人口是一个主要关切。该罪行的依据是 1945 年《印度尼西亚共和国宪法》第 28 条第(2)款,其中规定人权是不可剥夺的。该罪行的最初规定载于第 297 条,其中概述了对贩运尚未成年的妇女和男子的处罚。然而,目前的规定并没有为受害者提供明确的保护,犯罪者也没有面临相应的惩罚。刑法典》通过法官法令提供赔偿,但由于在确定赔偿方面存在局限性,且缺乏对受害者的专门法律保护,因此执行起来具有挑战性。本研究通过规范性法律研究,利用当前的法律材料和书面作品,分析印尼对人口贩运受害者的法律保护和赔偿情况。刑法》和《PTPPO 法》为人口贩运受害者提供了有限的保护,但缺乏全面的赔偿。印尼仅批准了两项归还请求,这体现了获得赔偿的基本权利。这一过程漫长且缺乏支出证据,导致法院判决的不确定性。
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引用次数: 0
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIRECT EVIDENCE TOWARDS PRICE FIXING AGREEMENTS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMPETITION LAW 从竞争法角度看固定价格协议的间接证据特点
Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v3i1.975
Elreddian Kusuma Dewi, Zahry Vandawati Chumaida, Sinar Aju Wulandari
In the ever-changing landscape of Indonesian business, the pursuit of profits drives actors to engage in intense competition, all regulated by the Business Competition Law. This unique legal field combines both conventional law and economics to address unfair business practices, such as agreements that manipulate prices to deceive consumers. This research focuses on the characteristics of indirect evidence utilized by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) when investigating cases of price-fixing. The goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the legal implications of using indirect evidence within the procedural framework of Business Competition Law in Indonesia. To achieve this, a Normative Research method is employed, utilizing a multi-faceted approach. Through case analysis, statutory examination, conceptual exploration, and comparative study, the research explores patterns, legal frameworks, theoretical concepts, and perspectives from different jurisdictions, all related to the use of indirect evidence in the context of price fixing. The results revealed that Indirect evidence, classified as clue evidence under Perkom No. 1 Of 2019, encompasses communication and economic evidence. When direct evidence is lacking, these components, including documents or electronic information, play a crucial role in proving allegations of price-fixing. The legal implications of indirect evidence in the Indonesian competition law evidentiary system highlight its widespread use in resolving cases. However, there is a legal gap that poses challenges to the admissibility of indirect evidence in court proceedings. This emphasizes the need for legal reforms to effectively accommodate the role of indirect evidence.
在印尼不断变化的商业环境中,对利润的追求促使参与者展开激烈的竞争,而这一切都受到《商业竞争法》的监管。这一独特的法律领域结合了传统法律和经济学,以应对不公平的商业行为,如操纵价格以欺骗消费者的协议。本研究的重点是商业竞争监督委员会(KPPU)在调查操纵价格案件时使用的间接证据的特点。目的是更深入地了解在印尼商业竞争法的程序框架内使用间接证据的法律意义。为此,本研究采用了规范研究法,利用了多方面的方法。通过案例分析、法规审查、概念探索和比较研究,本研究探讨了不同司法管辖区与价格垄断中间接证据的使用有关的模式、法律框架、理论概念和观点。研究结果表明,间接证据被归类为 2019 年第 1 号法律规定的线索证据,包括沟通证据和经济证据。在缺乏直接证据的情况下,包括文件或电子信息在内的这些组成部分在证明操纵价格指控方面发挥着至关重要的作用。间接证据在印尼竞争法证据体系中的法律意义凸显了其在案件解决中的广泛应用。然而,法律空白对间接证据在法庭诉讼中的可接受性提出了挑战。这强调了进行法律改革以有效适应间接证据作用的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROFESSIONAL ZAKAT FOR STATE CIVIL SERVANTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAQASID AL-SHARIA 从伊斯兰教法的视角看国家公务员专业天课的实施
Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v2i4.894
Andi Muh. Taqiyuddin BN, Mukhtar Lutfi, Muammar Muh. Bakry, Rahmawati Muin
The primary focus of this qualitative research is to examine the implementation of professional zakat for Civil Servants (ASN) in Sinjai Regency from the perspective of Maqāṣid Al-Syarī’ah, with BAZNAS as a case study. The research breaks down this central inquiry into specific sub-problems, aiming to analyze the alignment of Maqāṣid Al-Syarī’ah principles with the execution of professional zakat for ASN in Sinjai Regency. Data for the study is primarily sourced from key individuals, including the Chairperson and Vice Chairpersons of BAZNAS in Sinjai Regency, zakat payers, the Head of Zakat and Waqf Implementation at the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Sinjai Regency, the Head of the Regional Finance and Asset Agency, and the Head of the Regional Personnel and Human Resource Development Agency in Sinjai Regency. Data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and the analysis is structured into stages of data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research reveals that professional zakat management for ASN by BAZNAS in Sinjai Regency is conducted even without clear local regulations, in coordination with various government entities. The distribution and utilization of zakat adhere to five programs, yet its alignment with Maqāṣid Al-Syarī’ah is hindered by various obstacles in its application for civil servants in Sinjai Regency.
本定性研究的主要重点是从Maqāṣid al - syari ' ah的角度,以BAZNAS为案例研究,检查辛贾伊县公务员专业天课(ASN)的实施情况。本研究将这一中心问题分解为具体的子问题,旨在分析Maqāṣid al - syar ' ah原则与在辛贾县执行ASN专业天课的一致性。该研究的数据主要来自关键人物,包括辛贾县BAZNAS主席和副主席、天课支付者、辛贾县宗教事务部天课和Waqf执行负责人、区域财政和资产机构负责人以及辛贾县区域人事和人力资源开发机构负责人。通过观察、访谈和文件收集数据,分析分为数据收集、还原、呈现和得出结论几个阶段。研究表明,即使在没有明确的地方法规的情况下,BAZNAS在Sinjai县与各个政府实体协调,对ASN进行专业的天课管理。天课的分配和使用坚持五个项目,但它与Maqāṣid al - syarir ' ah的一致受到各种障碍的阻碍,阻碍了它在辛贾县公务员中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
JURIDICAL REVIEW OF LEGAL PROTECTION OF HEALTH PERSONNEL ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LAW 根据国际法和国内法对医务人员的法律保护进行司法审查
Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v2i4.868
Ari Andayani, Agus Kurniawan
Health represents a fundamental ideal of the Indonesian nation and serves as an embodiment of human rights. To ensure a high standard of health, the role of Health Workers is pivotal. However, several incidents have highlighted the prosecution or attacks on these workers during the provision of services, revealing a deficiency in both national and international legal protections. This research aims to analyze the legal protection arrangements for health workers in accordance with National and International Law, as well as identify the factors contributing to the non-compliance with legal protection regulations for health workers. The research is of a normative legal nature, employing a statutory and case-based approach. Data was collected through a comprehensive literature review using qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the legal protection for health workers has been outlined in National Law under Law no. 36 of 2014, while International Humanitarian Law serves as the framework for granting legal protection to Health Workers on an international scale. Factors contributing to the non-compliance with national legal protection regulations for Health Workers include Educational, Trust, and Environmental Factors. On the other hand, the non-compliance with legal protection regulations for Health Workers in the context of international law is primarily due to a lack of understanding and awareness of International Humanitarian Law, compounded by the challenges faced during times of conflict between nations.
健康是印度尼西亚民族的基本理想,是人权的体现。为确保高水平的健康,卫生工作者的作用至关重要。然而,有几起事件突出了在提供服务期间对这些工人的起诉或攻击,显示出国家和国际法律保护方面的不足。本研究旨在分析根据国内法和国际法对卫生工作者的法律保护安排,并确定导致不遵守卫生工作者法律保护规定的因素。这项研究具有规范性的法律性质,采用成文法和基于案例的方法。数据收集通过综合文献综述使用定性描述性分析。研究结果表明,国家法律根据第19号法律概述了对卫生工作者的法律保护。国际人道主义法是在国际范围内为卫生工作者提供法律保护的框架。导致不遵守国家卫生工作者法律保护条例的因素包括教育、信任和环境因素。另一方面,在国际法背景下不遵守卫生工作者法律保护条例的主要原因是缺乏对国际人道主义法的理解和认识,再加上国家间冲突期间面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
CRIMINAL ACCOUNTABILITY FOR CIVIL SERVANT (CPNS) ADMISSION FRAUD 公务员入学舞弊的刑事问责
Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v2i4.795
Akhmad Rezaldi Fahd Abdillah, Sri Astutik
Several instances of misconduct have occurred, wherein certain individuals have taken advantage of public interest surrounding the CPNS registration process. In 2018, Defendants AD and SH profited IDR 200 million. In 2019, Defendant HB gained a profit of up to 5.7 billion Rupiah through the CPNS Recruitment mode, and in 2021, (ON) amassed a profit of 9.7 billion Rupiah. This research aims to analyze the application of the law to cases of fraud perpetrated against Candidates for Civil Servants (CPNS), and propose preventive measures to curb instances of fraud under the guise of a special pathway. The study is conducted through both normative and sociological legal research, utilizing a sociological interpretive approach. The Statute Approach and Case Approach are employed in this study. Legal material is gathered using library techniques, and the analysis of legal materials is performed using qualitative methods. The study's findings reveal that: (1) CPNS registration is strictly free of charge, and any claims suggesting the availability of internal routes for assistance are baseless. Perpetrators of such acts are subject to charges under Article 378 of the Criminal Code, which involves deceiving and causing harm to others. (2) Candidates applying for CPNS positions need not seek any special means to pass the selection process, as the principle of Bureaucratic Reform within the state civil apparatus prohibits any form of illicit practice.
已经发生了几起不当行为,其中某些人利用了围绕CPNS注册过程的公众利益。2018年,被告AD和SH获利2亿印尼盾。2019年,被告HB通过CPNS招聘模式获得了高达57亿卢比的利润,2021年,(ON)积累了97亿卢比的利润。本研究旨在分析法律对公务员候选人(CPNS)欺诈案件的适用情况,并提出预防措施,以遏制以特殊途径为幌子的欺诈行为。该研究通过规范和社会学法律研究进行,利用社会学解释方法。本研究采用法令法与个案法。使用图书馆技术收集法律资料,使用定性方法对法律资料进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)CPNS注册是严格免费的,任何暗示有内部援助路线的说法都是毫无根据的。这种行为的肇事者应根据《刑法》第378条受到指控,其中涉及欺骗和对他人造成伤害。(2)申请CPNS职位的候选人不需要寻求任何特殊手段来通过选拔过程,因为国家民事机构内部的官僚改革原则禁止任何形式的非法行为。
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引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITALIZATION ON BANKING FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA 数字化对印尼银行金融机构的影响
Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v2i4.864
Destri Ayu Larasati Mahayana, I Wayan Novy Purwanto
The development of digitalization systems has a direct impact on the banking industry, both positively and negatively. This research aims to examine the influence of digitalization on financial banking institutions in Indonesia and how efforts are made to prevent the negative effects of banking service digitalization in Indonesia. This study employs a normative legal research method, utilizing a legislative approach. One of the positive impacts of digitalization on financial banking institutions in Indonesia is the emergence of digital banking services. However, one of its negative consequences is the potential for cybercrimes. To prevent the negative effects of banking service digitalization in Indonesia, various preventive measures can be taken, such as not disclosing PINs to others and exercising caution when using internet applications. Additionally, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has issued Regulation No. 13/POJK.03/2020 amending Regulation No. 38/POJK.03/2016 regarding the Implementation of Risk Management in the Use of Information Technology by Commercial Banks.
数字化系统的发展对银行业产生了直接的影响,既有积极的影响,也有消极的影响。本研究旨在研究数字化对印度尼西亚金融银行机构的影响,以及如何努力防止印度尼西亚银行服务数字化的负面影响。本研究采用规范的法律研究方法,运用立法的方法。数字化对印尼金融银行机构的积极影响之一是数字银行服务的出现。然而,它的一个负面后果是潜在的网络犯罪。为了防止印尼银行服务数字化的负面影响,可以采取各种预防措施,例如不向他人透露个人识别码,以及在使用互联网应用程序时保持谨慎。此外,金融服务管理局(OJK)发布了第13/POJK号条例。03/2020修订第38/POJK号规例。2016年03月,关于商业银行在信息技术应用中实施风险管理。
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引用次数: 0
CAREER DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN STRENGTHENING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE POLRI BAINTELKAM 在职业发展的挑战中,加强公务员的表现
Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v2i4.828
Michael Bagus Herwasto Nurwicaksono, Chryshnanda Dwilaksana, Payaman Jan Simanjuntak
The role of Baintelkam Polri is critically important in maintaining national security stability, identifying and responding to complex and varied security threats. In carrying out its duties, Baintelkam Polri plays a crucial role in gathering information, conducting intelligence analysis, and providing strategic recommendations to support national security policies. However, in the execution of its responsibilities, the Police Baintelkam faces numerous challenges stemming from various aspects, including the rapid advancements in information and communication technology. This technological progress poses a significant challenge to the Police Baintelkam as it opens up new opportunities for cybercriminals and terrorist groups to operate online. Consequently, addressing this threat necessitates more intensive efforts in monitoring and gathering information. The theories employed in this study encompass human resource management, career management, job satisfaction, and SWOT analysis. The research method adopted a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and data documentation. The findings of this study underscore the pivotal role of career development within the National Police's Security Intelligence Agency (Baintelkam) in enhancing the performance of its members and upholding professionalism in the execution of security intelligence tasks. In an ever-evolving intelligence landscape, career coaching assists members in remaining relevant and effective. Consequently, career development strategies hold significant importance in surmounting challenges and fortifying the performance of the National Police's Security Intelligence Agency (Baintelkam). The overarching objective of career development is to enhance the capabilities, qualifications, motivation, and performance of members, equipping them to address complex and evolving situations in the realm of security intelligence.
印度边防部队在维护国家安全稳定、识别和应对复杂多样的安全威胁方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在履行其职责时,Baintelkam Polri在收集信息、进行情报分析和提供战略建议以支持国家安全政策方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,在执行其职责时,Baintelkam警察面临着来自各个方面的许多挑战,包括信息和通信技术的迅速发展。这一技术进步对警队构成了重大挑战,因为它为网络犯罪分子和恐怖组织在网上开展活动提供了新的机会。因此,应对这一威胁需要在监测和收集信息方面作出更密集的努力。本研究运用的理论包括人力资源管理、职业生涯管理、工作满意度和SWOT分析。研究方法采用定性方法,利用访谈、观察和数据文档等数据收集技术。这项研究的结果强调了国家警察安全情报局(Baintelkam)的职业发展在提高其成员的表现和维护执行安全情报任务的专业性方面的关键作用。在一个不断发展的情报领域,职业指导可以帮助成员保持相关性和有效性。因此,职业发展战略在克服挑战和加强国家警察安全情报局(Baintelkam)的业绩方面具有重要意义。职业发展的首要目标是提高成员的能力、资格、动机和表现,使他们能够应对安全情报领域复杂和不断变化的情况。
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引用次数: 0
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMER OF DRUG PRODUCER THAT DOES NOT HAVE A DISTRIBUTION PERMIT FROM THE FOOD AND DRUG CONTROL AGENCY (BPOM) 对未获得食品药品监督管理局(bpom)许可的药品生产者的消费者的法律保护
Pub Date : 2023-08-19 DOI: 10.55047/polri.v2i4.772
Hendra Lazuardi, Nur Handayati
For maintain health in carrying out daily activities, humans consume drugs as a healing solution for the ailments they experience. However, cases of illegal drug distribution threaten the health of someone who accidentally consumes illegal drugs without testing by the Food and Drug Monitoring Agency. The purpose of this research is to analyze the process of granting licenses to the distribution of drugs by BPOM and legal protection for consumers against the distribution of drugs that do not have distribution permits. This type of research is normative legal research with the Statue and Case Approach. Analysis data used descriptive qualitative analysis of existing laws and regulations to find answers to cases of drug trafficking that do not have a distribution permit. The results of the study prove that the process of granting permits for drug distribution by BPOM is carried out in two stages, namely the Pre-registration and Registration stages with the fulfillment of the required statements and documents. The evaluation process is carried out for 100 days for new drug products which is carried out by the Head of the BPOM Agency. Legal protection for consumers against the distribution of drugs that do not have a distribution permit is by imposing a maximum imprisonment of 15 years and a maximum fine of IDR 1,500,000,000.00 for the perpetrator. For producers who do not have the expertise and authority to carry out pharmaceutical practices, they will be fined a maximum of IDR. 100,000,000.00.
为了在日常活动中保持健康,人类服用药物作为治疗他们所经历的疾病的一种解决方案。然而,非法药物分销的案例威胁到那些未经食品和药物监督机构检测而意外服用非法药物的人的健康。本研究的目的是分析BPOM对药品分销的许可过程,以及消费者对没有分销许可证的药品分销的法律保护。这种类型的研究是规范的法律研究与判例法。分析数据采用对现有法律和条例的描述性定性分析,以找到没有分销许可证的毒品贩运案件的答案。研究结果证明,BPOM药品分销许可的审批过程分预注册和注册两个阶段进行,并完成所需的陈述和文件。新药的评价过程由BPOM机构的负责人进行,为期100天。为防止消费者分销没有分销许可证的药品,对犯罪者处以最高15年监禁和最高15亿印尼盾罚款。对于没有专业知识和权力进行制药实践的生产者,他们将被处以最高IDR的罚款。100000000 .00。
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引用次数: 0
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POLICY LAW NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES (POLRI)
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